自用 Linux容器即將發行一週年,微軟再對版本更新

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"近期,微軟"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/github.com\/microsoft\/CBL-Mariner\/releases\/tag\/1.0.20210807-1.0","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"已經更新了"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"其內部開源容器 CBL-Mariner。此次更新將內核升級到了 5.10.52.1 版本,並啓用"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"\/dev\/mcelog"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"。除了大量的安全修復外,cronie 和 logrotate 已添加到圖像中,就像 Microsoft 的存儲庫一樣。Moby-containerd 已更新至 1.4.4 版,swig 已更新至 4.0.2。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"微軟的"},{"type":"text","text":"CBL-Mariner Linux "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/github.com\/microsoft\/CBL-Mariner\/releases\/tag\/1.0.20200906","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 GitHub 上發佈即將一週年,"}]},{"type":"text","text":"開發人員在此期間一直保持維護和更新,並在今年7月將其開源。不過,"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"CBL-Mariner"},{"type":"text","text":"目前還是以微軟內部自用爲主。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"CBL-Mariner是由微軟的Linux系統組創建,也就是WindowsSubsystem for Linux 2 背後的技術團隊。作爲微軟雲基礎設施和邊緣產品和服務的內部Linux發行版,CBL-Mariner旨在爲設備和服務提供統一平臺,但主要用於服務器端而非桌面端。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"據官方介紹,CBL-Mariner項目是微軟對各種 Linux 技術不斷增加投資的一部分,例如 SONiC、Azure Sphere OS 和 Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)。此外,CBL-Mariner 不會改變他們對任何現有第三方 Linux 發行版的態度或承諾。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"CBL-Mariner是一款非常輕量級的Linux,可以將其用作容器或容器主機。CBL-Mariner 的設計理念是,一組小的通用核心包可以滿足第一方雲和邊緣服務的普遍需求,同時允許各個團隊在通用核心之上分層附加包,爲他們的工作負載生成鏡像。這可以通過一個簡單的構建系統實現,該系統支持:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"包生成:從 SPEC 文件和源文件中生成所需的一組 RPM 包。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"鏡像生成:從給定的一組包中生成所需的鏡像,如 ISO 或 VHD。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"CBL-Mariner軟件包系統基於RPM,軟件包更新系統同時使用dnf和tdnf,後者全稱Tiny DNF,是一個基於dnf的軟件包管理器,來自VMware的Photon OS。CBL-Mariner還支持基於鏡像的更新機制,其使用RPM-OSTree來實現,rpm-ostree是一個基於OSTree的開源工具,用於管理可啓動的、不可變的、版本化的文件系統樹。rpm-ostree背後的想法是使用一個客戶-服務器架構,以可靠的方式保持Linux主機的更新和與最新的軟件包同步。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"微軟認爲,操作系統的精簡特性有助於提高安全性:通過將核心映像功能集中到內部雲客戶所需功能上,加載的服務會更少,攻擊媒介也更少。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"CBL-Mariner遵循 \"默認安全\"原則,操作系統的大部分方面都是以安全爲重點的。它有一個加固的內核、簽名更新、ASLR、基於編譯器的加固和防篡改日誌等許多功能。由於大小有限、攻擊面很小,用戶很容易通過RPM向其部署安全補丁。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一旦出現安全漏洞,CBL-Mariner 可以支持基於包的更新模型和基於鏡像的更新模型。利用通用的 RPM 包管理器系統,CBL-Mariner 提供最新的安全補丁和修復程序,以實現快速週轉時間的目標。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"微軟沒有給出 CBL-Mariner 的 ISO 鏡像,不過微軟 Azure 工程師Juan Manuel Rey發佈了詳細教程:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jreypo.io\/2021\/07\/09\/a-look-into-cbl-mariner-microsoft-internal-linux-distribution\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/blog.jreypo.io\/2021\/07\/09\/a-look-into-cbl-mariner-microsoft-internal-linux-distribution\/"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在過去,紅帽的 CoreOS 曾經是 Linux 容器的首選主機,但最近被廢棄了,所以用戶亟需一個替代方案。CBL 的代表的則是“Common Base Linux”,也被外界解讀爲CoreOS的替代。通過爲其雲服務創建自己的發行版,微軟可以根據自己的時間表來更新和管理主機和容器實例。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"微軟方面已經成立了一個正式的 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.oschina.net\/action\/GoToLink?url=http%3A%2F%2Flinux.microsoft.com%2F","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Linux Systems Group "}]},{"type":"text","text":"來處理公司的大部分 Linux 相關工作,CBL-Mariner 就是其推出的項目之一。此外,Linux Systems Group 開發的與 Linux 相關的可交付成果還包括有:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"WSL2 隨附的 WSL2 Linux內核;"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"一個 Azure-tuned Linux 內核,可作爲許多常見 Linux 發行版的補丁程序進行使用,對其進行優化以與微軟的 Hyper-V 虛擬機管理程序配合使用;"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"以及企業和安全團隊提出的 Linux 安全模塊(LSM)Integrity Policy Enforcement(IPE)。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]}]}
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