自用 Linux容器即将发行一周年,微软再对版本更新

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"近期,微软"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/github.com\/microsoft\/CBL-Mariner\/releases\/tag\/1.0.20210807-1.0","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"已经更新了"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"其内部开源容器 CBL-Mariner。此次更新将内核升级到了 5.10.52.1 版本,并启用"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"\/dev\/mcelog"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"。除了大量的安全修复外,cronie 和 logrotate 已添加到图像中,就像 Microsoft 的存储库一样。Moby-containerd 已更新至 1.4.4 版,swig 已更新至 4.0.2。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"微软的"},{"type":"text","text":"CBL-Mariner Linux "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/github.com\/microsoft\/CBL-Mariner\/releases\/tag\/1.0.20200906","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 GitHub 上发布即将一周年,"}]},{"type":"text","text":"开发人员在此期间一直保持维护和更新,并在今年7月将其开源。不过,"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"CBL-Mariner"},{"type":"text","text":"目前还是以微软内部自用为主。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"CBL-Mariner是由微软的Linux系统组创建,也就是WindowsSubsystem for Linux 2 背后的技术团队。作为微软云基础设施和边缘产品和服务的内部Linux发行版,CBL-Mariner旨在为设备和服务提供统一平台,但主要用于服务器端而非桌面端。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"据官方介绍,CBL-Mariner项目是微软对各种 Linux 技术不断增加投资的一部分,例如 SONiC、Azure Sphere OS 和 Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)。此外,CBL-Mariner 不会改变他们对任何现有第三方 Linux 发行版的态度或承诺。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"CBL-Mariner是一款非常轻量级的Linux,可以将其用作容器或容器主机。CBL-Mariner 的设计理念是,一组小的通用核心包可以满足第一方云和边缘服务的普遍需求,同时允许各个团队在通用核心之上分层附加包,为他们的工作负载生成镜像。这可以通过一个简单的构建系统实现,该系统支持:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"包生成:从 SPEC 文件和源文件中生成所需的一组 RPM 包。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"镜像生成:从给定的一组包中生成所需的镜像,如 ISO 或 VHD。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"CBL-Mariner软件包系统基于RPM,软件包更新系统同时使用dnf和tdnf,后者全称Tiny DNF,是一个基于dnf的软件包管理器,来自VMware的Photon OS。CBL-Mariner还支持基于镜像的更新机制,其使用RPM-OSTree来实现,rpm-ostree是一个基于OSTree的开源工具,用于管理可启动的、不可变的、版本化的文件系统树。rpm-ostree背后的想法是使用一个客户-服务器架构,以可靠的方式保持Linux主机的更新和与最新的软件包同步。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"微软认为,操作系统的精简特性有助于提高安全性:通过将核心映像功能集中到内部云客户所需功能上,加载的服务会更少,攻击媒介也更少。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"CBL-Mariner遵循 \"默认安全\"原则,操作系统的大部分方面都是以安全为重点的。它有一个加固的内核、签名更新、ASLR、基于编译器的加固和防篡改日志等许多功能。由于大小有限、攻击面很小,用户很容易通过RPM向其部署安全补丁。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一旦出现安全漏洞,CBL-Mariner 可以支持基于包的更新模型和基于镜像的更新模型。利用通用的 RPM 包管理器系统,CBL-Mariner 提供最新的安全补丁和修复程序,以实现快速周转时间的目标。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"微软没有给出 CBL-Mariner 的 ISO 镜像,不过微软 Azure 工程师Juan Manuel Rey发布了详细教程:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jreypo.io\/2021\/07\/09\/a-look-into-cbl-mariner-microsoft-internal-linux-distribution\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/blog.jreypo.io\/2021\/07\/09\/a-look-into-cbl-mariner-microsoft-internal-linux-distribution\/"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在过去,红帽的 CoreOS 曾经是 Linux 容器的首选主机,但最近被废弃了,所以用户亟需一个替代方案。CBL 的代表的则是“Common Base Linux”,也被外界解读为CoreOS的替代。通过为其云服务创建自己的发行版,微软可以根据自己的时间表来更新和管理主机和容器实例。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"微软方面已经成立了一个正式的 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.oschina.net\/action\/GoToLink?url=http%3A%2F%2Flinux.microsoft.com%2F","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Linux Systems Group "}]},{"type":"text","text":"来处理公司的大部分 Linux 相关工作,CBL-Mariner 就是其推出的项目之一。此外,Linux Systems Group 开发的与 Linux 相关的可交付成果还包括有:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"WSL2 随附的 WSL2 Linux内核;"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"一个 Azure-tuned Linux 内核,可作为许多常见 Linux 发行版的补丁程序进行使用,对其进行优化以与微软的 Hyper-V 虚拟机管理程序配合使用;"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"以及企业和安全团队提出的 Linux 安全模块(LSM)Integrity Policy Enforcement(IPE)。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]}]}
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