{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"本文要點"}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"混合雲選項已經超越了傳統的定義，雲服務的功能已能夠在雲外運行。Azure Arc和谷歌Anthos等服務爲開發者和運營商提供了更加無縫的“混合”體驗。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在新興的“無複製的數據共享”方法中，不需要移動或複製數據就可以從不同的服務訪問數據。我們相信，最近宣佈的“增量共享”（Delta Sharing）開放標準將有助於無複製數據共享的進一步推廣。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"持續集成和持續交付（CI\/CD）工具和實踐之間仍存在着一定程度的混淆，這方面的進展還很有限。GitOps和網站可靠性工程（SRE）實踐被越來越多地採用。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"可觀察性實踐和工具不斷成熟。可觀察性的三大支柱中，日誌記錄和度量域相對來說已經被很好地採用了，但是跟蹤的採用情況仍然較差。在這個領域，有許多進步令人倍受鼓舞，特別是伴隨OpenTelemetry的廣泛採用而來的那些進步。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們正在利用FinOps（用於成本分析的實時信息流）跟蹤創新發展，目標是財務團隊與微軟和AWS等公共雲供應商同處一線。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"越來越流行的實踐（如由OPA提倡的“策略即代碼”）以及遠程訪問管理工具（如HashiCorp的Boundary）正在推動身份即代碼和隱私即代碼。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《團隊拓撲》這本書已經成爲組織中部署團隊以實現有效軟件交付的實際參考。事件發生後的“無責的事後分析”也越來越受到關注，變得更類似於“健康的回顧”，整個組織都可以從中學習。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/3b\/df\/3b122c6cb41354a5a5a478b751a36fdf.jpeg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本文總結了InfoQ目前對“雲計算和DevOps”領域的看法，重點關注基礎設施和運維模式、技術框架中模式的實現，以及軟件架構師或工程師必須掌握的技能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"正如Geoffrey Moore在《"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crossing_the_Chasm","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"跨越鴻溝"}]},{"type":"text","text":"》一書中所定義的那樣，InfoQ和QCon系列會議都關注技術傳播的“創新者、早期採用者和早期大衆階段”的主題。我們試圖做的是，找出符合摩爾所說的早期市場的想法，在這個市場中，“用戶羣由技術愛好者和有遠見的人組成，他們希望能先行一步，在機遇或迫在眉睫的問題前佔得先機。”我們還在尋找那些可能“跨越鴻溝”、得到更廣泛採用的想法。在這種情況下，也許值得指出的是，一項技術在採用曲線上的確切位置是可以變化的。例如，微服務在舊金山灣區的公司中得到了廣泛採用，但在其他地方可能不太會得到廣泛採用，也可能不太合適採用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在這一期的雲計算和DevOps趨勢報告中，我們認爲，混合雲方法已經發展成爲更加“雲原生”的方式。在2019年底三位著名的公有云供應商都帶來了新的混合雲產品市場，在過去的兩年裏他們一直對它們大力投資，谷歌的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/news\/2020\/04\/anthos-multicloud-aws-ga\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Anthos"}]},{"type":"text","text":"、微軟的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/news\/2020\/06\/azure-stack-hub-updates\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Azure Arc 和Stack offerings"}]},{"type":"text","text":"、AWS的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/news\/2020\/01\/AWS-Outposts-Hybrid\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Outposts"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，以及最近的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/news\/2021\/06\/amazon-ecs-anywhere-ga","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Amazon ECS Anywhere"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。比如，對於企業來說，它不僅要將工作負載帶到雲上，還要在內部運行，或兩者同時運行，甚至在多個雲上運行。因此，使用Arc或Anthos這樣的服務集中管理工作負載的基礎設施就很具價值了。此外，這些產品允許企業擴展其平臺。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在“"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/minibooks\/edge-cloud\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"邊緣雲"}]},{"type":"text","text":"”和“邊緣計算”領域，技術演變越來越多，因此我們認爲這個課題應該轉移到圖表中的早期採用者階段。具體的供應商工具，如Cloudflare Workers、Fastly的Compute@Edge和Amazon CloudFront的Lambda@Edge在這裏有相當大的吸引力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本報告的參與者還發現了一個名爲“無複製的數據共享”的新興趨勢。你可以在Snowflake等數據管理服務中看到，這些服務支持用戶在其源共享數據，卻不復制或移動數據。另一個例子是"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/articles\/azure-synapse-analytics-service\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Azure Synapse服務"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，它支持通過Azure Synapse Link從Azure Cosmos DB共享無複製數據。最近宣佈的增量共享開放標準也推動了無複製數據共享趨勢的上升。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在DevOps和網站可靠性工程中，可觀察性仍然是一個熱門課題。雖然大多數組織已經開始實現某種形式的可觀察性軟件棧，但正如"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/holly_cummins","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Holly Cummins"}]},{"type":"text","text":"所指出的，這個術語已經承載了過多的內容，因此應該將其分解爲不同的組件了。集中日誌聚合之類的想法目前在大多數組織中都很常見，然而，日誌僅是構成可觀察性的三大支柱之一。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"日益流行的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/opentelemetry.io\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"OpenTelemetry"}]},{"type":"text","text":"項目提供了一個一致的框架，不僅可以捕獲日誌，還可以捕獲痕跡和指標。採用單一框架就能帶來一致性，這有助於跨混合和異構環境捕獲數據，也有助於工具監控。使用服務水平目標（sls）工具來傳達監視和可觀察性的預期結果也越來越流行，就像今年早些時候首次映入眼簾的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.sloconf.com\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"SLOConf"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在過去的一年裏，隨着MLOps和DataOps的發展，“DevOps for Data”得到了越來越多的應用。MLOps專注於使用DevOps風格的實踐 （如CI和CD） 來實施機器學習模型的持續培訓。開源工具和商業服務可以在這一領域提供幫助，例如用於在Kubernetes上部署ML模型的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/github.com\/kubeflow","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"KubeFlow"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，用於自動監控ML模型的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/blogs\/aws\/amazon-sagemaker-model-monitor-fully-managed-automatic-monitoring-for-your-machine-learning-models\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Amazon SageMaker Model Monitor"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。DataOps希望通過應用DevOps團隊使用的類似概念來減少自己的週期時間，從而縮短數據分析的週期時間。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在DevOps的人員和組織領域，我們已經看到了出自Matthew Skelton和Manuel Pais的《團隊拓撲》一書，它已經成爲組織部署團隊以實現有效軟件交付的實際參考。《團隊拓撲》描述了四種基本的團隊類型和三種團隊交互模式，並深入研究了團隊的職責邊界以及團隊與其他團隊溝通或交互的方式。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"事件發生後的“無責的事後分析”也越來越受到關注，變得更類似於“健康回顧”，整個組織都可以從中學習。"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/minibooks\/resilience-engineering-covid-era\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"彈性工程"}]},{"type":"text","text":"計算領域和“"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.learningfromincidents.io\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從事件中學習"}]},{"type":"text","text":"”社區的主要領導人在推動這一討論方面發揮了重要作用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以下是2019年上半年的主題圖。2021年的版本位於本文的前文部分。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/a2\/13\/a27be4ebf4c6ed8e0a3088640991e013.jpeg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"下面是幾個InfoQ雲計算DevOps主題編輯和InfoQ貢獻者之間相關的內部聊天記錄，僅做了些少量編輯整理，你可以從相關語境中瞭解圖中的推薦定位。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Lena Hall ："},{"type":"text","text":"微軟的大型系統總監，最近發表了《我們能相信雲不會失敗嗎?》以及《Azure Synapse的進化：Apache Spark 3.0，GPU加速，Delta Lake, Dataverse支持》等文章。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"走向早期大衆"}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"GitOps（特別是正在獲得關注的GitHub Actions）"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"轉向早期採用者"}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"DataOps正在獲得廣泛的關注（特別是數據治理、數據沿程、數據質量、數據目錄工具）"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"早期創新者的新課題"}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"革新者：Policy as Code--策略即代碼(檢驗\/管理組件源附近位置的訪問策略)"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"創新者：雲原生混合方法（例如，Azure Arc，谷歌Anthos）"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"創新者：跨雲統一基礎設施自動化\/運維（如Crossplane、開放策略代理）"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"創新者：數據網格（去中心化數據所有權、聯邦數據治理、產品思維、自助數據基礎設施）"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"創新者\/早期採用者：無複製的數據共享（Snowflake，谷歌BigQuery, Azure Synapse, Presto\/Starburst等）"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"DevSecOps（但它可能沒那麼新，因爲在上一個報告中就已經左移了)"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，Hall還討論了混合雲模型的發展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"雲原生混合方法"},{"type":"text","text":"（例如，Azure Arc，谷歌Anthos）。在傳統的理解中，混合雲意味着對公司的部分工作負載使用本地基礎設施，並對相關的其他部分使用公有云。例如，混合雲策略意味着在雲中運行一些應用程序（例如，無服務器處理），在本地基礎設施上運行一些應用程序（例如，商業ERP系統）。混合數據方法看起來就像在雲中存儲數據備份一樣簡單，或者使用更高級的雲網關和精準調優的數據同步、緩存或移動模式。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在最近的幾個月和幾年裏，混合選項已經超越了傳統的定義，雲服務功能已能夠在雲之外運行，從而提供更加無縫和流暢的體驗。我們可以將新的雲本地混合選項視爲雲服務到本地或多雲環境的擴展。Azure Arc和谷歌Anthos就是很好的案例。Azure Arc是其中的一個理想案例。它支持在混合和多雲環境中運行用於PostgreSQL Hyperscale的Azure SQL託管實例和Azure數據庫。它還通過Azure App Service、Functions、Logic Apps等提供本地應用和雲應用的一致管理。另一個絕佳案例是谷歌Anthos支持BigQuery Omni，能夠在多個雲上部署和管理查詢引擎。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"需要注意的是，這些新的原生雲混合方法，如Azure Arc和谷歌Anthos，不同於更標準的混合雲方法，如Azure Stack或Amazon Outposts。爲了更清楚地表述它，Azure Arc和Azure Stack都提供了混合解決方案(並且可以一起使用)。Azure Stack是一種在本地運行Azure環境的硬件方法。另一方面，Azure Arc是一種軟件方法，將本地和多雲資源(由虛擬或物理服務器和Kubernetes集羣組成)視爲由Azure資源管理器本地管理和訪問的資源。同樣，我們可以如此區分谷歌Anthos\/Azure Arc和AWS Outposts。儘管AWS Outposts將AWS雲平臺擴展到本地，但它有特定的硬件需求，並且只與AWS設計和支持的硬件設備兼容。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Hall還就“無複製的數據共享”這一新興趨勢分享了一個有趣的見解。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"無複製的數據共享"},{"type":"text","text":"（Snowflake、Google BigQuery、Azure Synapse、Presto\/Starburst，等等）當需要在不同的服務或不同的環境之間訪問或共享相同的數據時，有很多處理方法。當涉及數據共享時，可能會有各種各樣的場景。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一種情況是將相同的數據（或相同數據的一部分）存儲在同一雲中的多個服務中。通常，這些服務的計算和存儲並不是獨立的。要處理來自另一個服務的數據，我們必須複製或移動它。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在新興的無複製的數據共享方法中，由於計算和存儲分離，不需要移動或複製數據就可以從不同的服務予以訪問。因此，它帶來更好的可伸縮性、成本效益，支持數據的直接訪問。例如，這可以通過Azure Cosmos DB的Azure Synapse 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Kulkarni"}]},{"type":"text","text":"：Tenerity的博主，讀者，迭代經理，InfoQ的DevOps編輯。Aditya從開發人員角色開始，已經發展到管理領域。Aditya與組織在敏捷之旅中合作，一直保持着技術方面的聯繫。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/SteefJan","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Steef-Jan Wiggers"}]},{"type":"text","text":"：HSO技術集成架構師，微軟Azure MVP和InfoQ雲計算首席編輯。他目前的技術專長是集成平臺實現、Azure DevOps和Azure平臺解決方案架構。Steef-Jan是荷蘭Azure用戶組(Dutch Azure User Group)的董事會成員，經常在會議和用戶組上發言，爲InfoQ和無服務器筆記(Serverless Notes)撰稿。此外，微軟還將他評爲過去11年的微軟Azure MVP。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/danielbryantuk","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Daniel Byrant"}]},{"type":"text","text":"： Ambassador Labs開發者關係總監、InfoQ 新聞經理、QCon PC。他目前的技術專長是“DevOps”工具、雲\/容器平臺和微服務實現。Daniel是倫敦Java社區(LJC)的領導者，爲幾個開源項目做出過貢獻，爲InfoQ、O'Reilly和DZone等知名技術網站撰稿，並定期在QCon、JavaOne和Devoxx等國際會議上發表演講。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BealHelen","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Helen Beal"}]},{"type":"text","text":"： DevOps發言人，作家，戰略顧問，InfoQ DevOps編輯。她的關注點是通過行爲、互動和技術改進，幫助組織優化從想法到價值實現的流程。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/profile\/Rupert-Field\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Rupert Field"}]},{"type":"text","text":" ：Duffle-bag諮詢交付主管和InfoQ DevOps編輯。他喜歡學習技術，幫助人們利用技術解決問題。他的經驗包括定義、設計和交付技術團隊戰略。這包括提供指導、培訓、運營模式設計和業務轉型。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/profile\/Shaaron-A-Alvares\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Shaaron A Alvares"}]},{"type":"text","text":"：InfoQ的DevOps、文化與方法編輯，敏捷教練。她是敏捷認證領導者、敏捷國際聯盟的敏捷認證教練和敏捷認證從業者，在技術和組織轉型方面擁有全球工作經驗。她在歐洲多個全球財富500強公司(如BNP-Paribas、NYSE-Euronext、ALCOA Inc.)引入了精益敏捷產品和軟件開發實踐，並在Amazon.com、Expedia、Microsoft、T-Mobile領導了大量精益敏捷和DevOps實踐的採用和轉型。Shaaron在法國國家科學研究中心(CNRS)發表了哲學碩士和博士論文。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/profile\/Matt-Campbell\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Matt Campbell"}]},{"type":"text","text":"：首席編輯，D2L（一家教育技術公司）DevOps 、工程總監，負責他們的基礎設施和雲平臺團隊。他關注的領域是DevOps和網站可靠性工程，並做企業規模的實現。他還在康內斯托加學院(Conestoga College)教授編程課程。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"譯者簡介：冬雨，小小技術宅一枚，從事研發過程改進及質量改進方面的工作，關注編程、軟件工程、敏捷、DevOps、雲計算等領域，非常樂意將國外新鮮的IT資訊和深度技術文章翻譯分享給大家，已翻譯出版《深入敏捷測試》、《持續交付實戰》。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"原文鏈接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/articles\/devops-and-cloud-trends-2021\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"DevOps and Cloud InfoQ Trends Report - July 2021"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}
DevOps和雲｜InfoQ趨勢報告（2021年7月）
{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"本文要點"}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"混合雲選項已經超越了傳統的定義，雲服務的功能已能夠在雲外運行。Azure Arc和谷歌Anthos等服務爲開發者和運營商提供了更加無縫的“混合”體驗。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在新興的“無複製的數據共享”方法中，不需要移動或複製數據就可以從不同的服務訪問數據。我們相信，最近宣佈的“增量共享”（Delta Sharing）開放標準將有助於無複製數據共享的進一步推廣。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"持續集成和持續交付（CI\/CD）工具和實踐之間仍存在着一定程度的混淆，這方面的進展還很有限。GitOps和網站可靠性工程（SRE）實踐被越來越多地採用。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"可觀察性實踐和工具不斷成熟。可觀察性的三大支柱中，日誌記錄和度量域相對來說已經被很好地採用了，但是跟蹤的採用情況仍然較差。在這個領域，有許多進步令人倍受鼓舞，特別是伴隨OpenTelemetry的廣泛採用而來的那些進步。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們正在利用FinOps（用於成本分析的實時信息流）跟蹤創新發展，目標是財務團隊與微軟和AWS等公共雲供應商同處一線。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"越來越流行的實踐（如由OPA提倡的“策略即代碼”）以及遠程訪問管理工具（如HashiCorp的Boundary）正在推動身份即代碼和隱私即代碼。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《團隊拓撲》這本書已經成爲組織中部署團隊以實現有效軟件交付的實際參考。事件發生後的“無責的事後分析”也越來越受到關注，變得更類似於“健康的回顧”，整個組織都可以從中學習。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/3b\/df\/3b122c6cb41354a5a5a478b751a36fdf.jpeg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本文總結了InfoQ目前對“雲計算和DevOps”領域的看法，重點關注基礎設施和運維模式、技術框架中模式的實現，以及軟件架構師或工程師必須掌握的技能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"正如Geoffrey Moore在《"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crossing_the_Chasm","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"跨越鴻溝"}]},{"type":"text","text":"》一書中所定義的那樣，InfoQ和QCon系列會議都關注技術傳播的“創新者、早期採用者和早期大衆階段”的主題。我們試圖做的是，找出符合摩爾所說的早期市場的想法，在這個市場中，“用戶羣由技術愛好者和有遠見的人組成，他們希望能先行一步，在機遇或迫在眉睫的問題前佔得先機。”我們還在尋找那些可能“跨越鴻溝”、得到更廣泛採用的想法。在這種情況下，也許值得指出的是，一項技術在採用曲線上的確切位置是可以變化的。例如，微服務在舊金山灣區的公司中得到了廣泛採用，但在其他地方可能不太會得到廣泛採用，也可能不太合適採用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在這一期的雲計算和DevOps趨勢報告中，我們認爲，混合雲方法已經發展成爲更加“雲原生”的方式。在2019年底三位著名的公有云供應商都帶來了新的混合雲產品市場，在過去的兩年裏他們一直對它們大力投資，谷歌的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/news\/2020\/04\/anthos-multicloud-aws-ga\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Anthos"}]},{"type":"text","text":"、微軟的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/news\/2020\/06\/azure-stack-hub-updates\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Azure Arc 和Stack offerings"}]},{"type":"text","text":"、AWS的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/news\/2020\/01\/AWS-Outposts-Hybrid\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Outposts"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，以及最近的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/news\/2021\/06\/amazon-ecs-anywhere-ga","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Amazon ECS Anywhere"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。比如，對於企業來說，它不僅要將工作負載帶到雲上，還要在內部運行，或兩者同時運行，甚至在多個雲上運行。因此，使用Arc或Anthos這樣的服務集中管理工作負載的基礎設施就很具價值了。此外，這些產品允許企業擴展其平臺。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在“"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/minibooks\/edge-cloud\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"邊緣雲"}]},{"type":"text","text":"”和“邊緣計算”領域，技術演變越來越多，因此我們認爲這個課題應該轉移到圖表中的早期採用者階段。具體的供應商工具，如Cloudflare Workers、Fastly的Compute@Edge和Amazon CloudFront的Lambda@Edge在這裏有相當大的吸引力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本報告的參與者還發現了一個名爲“無複製的數據共享”的新興趨勢。你可以在Snowflake等數據管理服務中看到，這些服務支持用戶在其源共享數據，卻不復制或移動數據。另一個例子是"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/articles\/azure-synapse-analytics-service\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Azure Synapse服務"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，它支持通過Azure Synapse Link從Azure Cosmos DB共享無複製數據。最近宣佈的增量共享開放標準也推動了無複製數據共享趨勢的上升。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在DevOps和網站可靠性工程中，可觀察性仍然是一個熱門課題。雖然大多數組織已經開始實現某種形式的可觀察性軟件棧，但正如"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/holly_cummins","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Holly Cummins"}]},{"type":"text","text":"所指出的，這個術語已經承載了過多的內容，因此應該將其分解爲不同的組件了。集中日誌聚合之類的想法目前在大多數組織中都很常見，然而，日誌僅是構成可觀察性的三大支柱之一。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"日益流行的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/opentelemetry.io\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"OpenTelemetry"}]},{"type":"text","text":"項目提供了一個一致的框架，不僅可以捕獲日誌，還可以捕獲痕跡和指標。採用單一框架就能帶來一致性，這有助於跨混合和異構環境捕獲數據，也有助於工具監控。使用服務水平目標（sls）工具來傳達監視和可觀察性的預期結果也越來越流行，就像今年早些時候首次映入眼簾的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.sloconf.com\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"SLOConf"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在過去的一年裏，隨着MLOps和DataOps的發展，“DevOps for Data”得到了越來越多的應用。MLOps專注於使用DevOps風格的實踐 （如CI和CD） 來實施機器學習模型的持續培訓。開源工具和商業服務可以在這一領域提供幫助，例如用於在Kubernetes上部署ML模型的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/github.com\/kubeflow","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"KubeFlow"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，用於自動監控ML模型的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/blogs\/aws\/amazon-sagemaker-model-monitor-fully-managed-automatic-monitoring-for-your-machine-learning-models\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Amazon SageMaker Model Monitor"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。DataOps希望通過應用DevOps團隊使用的類似概念來減少自己的週期時間，從而縮短數據分析的週期時間。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在DevOps的人員和組織領域，我們已經看到了出自Matthew Skelton和Manuel Pais的《團隊拓撲》一書，它已經成爲組織部署團隊以實現有效軟件交付的實際參考。《團隊拓撲》描述了四種基本的團隊類型和三種團隊交互模式，並深入研究了團隊的職責邊界以及團隊與其他團隊溝通或交互的方式。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"事件發生後的“無責的事後分析”也越來越受到關注，變得更類似於“健康回顧”，整個組織都可以從中學習。"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/minibooks\/resilience-engineering-covid-era\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"彈性工程"}]},{"type":"text","text":"計算領域和“"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.learningfromincidents.io\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從事件中學習"}]},{"type":"text","text":"”社區的主要領導人在推動這一討論方面發揮了重要作用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以下是2019年上半年的主題圖。2021年的版本位於本文的前文部分。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/a2\/13\/a27be4ebf4c6ed8e0a3088640991e013.jpeg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"下面是幾個InfoQ雲計算DevOps主題編輯和InfoQ貢獻者之間相關的內部聊天記錄，僅做了些少量編輯整理，你可以從相關語境中瞭解圖中的推薦定位。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Lena Hall ："},{"type":"text","text":"微軟的大型系統總監，最近發表了《我們能相信雲不會失敗嗎?》以及《Azure Synapse的進化：Apache Spark 3.0，GPU加速，Delta Lake, Dataverse支持》等文章。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"走向早期大衆"}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"GitOps（特別是正在獲得關注的GitHub Actions）"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"轉向早期採用者"}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"DataOps正在獲得廣泛的關注（特別是數據治理、數據沿程、數據質量、數據目錄工具）"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"早期創新者的新課題"}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"革新者：Policy as Code--策略即代碼(檢驗\/管理組件源附近位置的訪問策略)"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"創新者：雲原生混合方法（例如，Azure Arc，谷歌Anthos）"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"創新者：跨雲統一基礎設施自動化\/運維（如Crossplane、開放策略代理）"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"創新者：數據網格（去中心化數據所有權、聯邦數據治理、產品思維、自助數據基礎設施）"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"創新者\/早期採用者：無複製的數據共享（Snowflake，谷歌BigQuery, Azure Synapse, Presto\/Starburst等）"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"DevSecOps（但它可能沒那麼新，因爲在上一個報告中就已經左移了)"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，Hall還討論了混合雲模型的發展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"雲原生混合方法"},{"type":"text","text":"（例如，Azure Arc，谷歌Anthos）。在傳統的理解中，混合雲意味着對公司的部分工作負載使用本地基礎設施，並對相關的其他部分使用公有云。例如，混合雲策略意味着在雲中運行一些應用程序（例如，無服務器處理），在本地基礎設施上運行一些應用程序（例如，商業ERP系統）。混合數據方法看起來就像在雲中存儲數據備份一樣簡單，或者使用更高級的雲網關和精準調優的數據同步、緩存或移動模式。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在最近的幾個月和幾年裏，混合選項已經超越了傳統的定義，雲服務功能已能夠在雲之外運行，從而提供更加無縫和流暢的體驗。我們可以將新的雲本地混合選項視爲雲服務到本地或多雲環境的擴展。Azure Arc和谷歌Anthos就是很好的案例。Azure Arc是其中的一個理想案例。它支持在混合和多雲環境中運行用於PostgreSQL Hyperscale的Azure SQL託管實例和Azure數據庫。它還通過Azure App Service、Functions、Logic Apps等提供本地應用和雲應用的一致管理。另一個絕佳案例是谷歌Anthos支持BigQuery Omni，能夠在多個雲上部署和管理查詢引擎。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"需要注意的是，這些新的原生雲混合方法，如Azure Arc和谷歌Anthos，不同於更標準的混合雲方法，如Azure Stack或Amazon Outposts。爲了更清楚地表述它，Azure Arc和Azure Stack都提供了混合解決方案(並且可以一起使用)。Azure Stack是一種在本地運行Azure環境的硬件方法。另一方面，Azure Arc是一種軟件方法，將本地和多雲資源(由虛擬或物理服務器和Kubernetes集羣組成)視爲由Azure資源管理器本地管理和訪問的資源。同樣，我們可以如此區分谷歌Anthos\/Azure Arc和AWS Outposts。儘管AWS Outposts將AWS雲平臺擴展到本地，但它有特定的硬件需求，並且只與AWS設計和支持的硬件設備兼容。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Hall還就“無複製的數據共享”這一新興趨勢分享了一個有趣的見解。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"無複製的數據共享"},{"type":"text","text":"（Snowflake、Google BigQuery、Azure Synapse、Presto\/Starburst，等等）當需要在不同的服務或不同的環境之間訪問或共享相同的數據時，有很多處理方法。當涉及數據共享時，可能會有各種各樣的場景。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一種情況是將相同的數據（或相同數據的一部分）存儲在同一雲中的多個服務中。通常，這些服務的計算和存儲並不是獨立的。要處理來自另一個服務的數據，我們必須複製或移動它。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在新興的無複製的數據共享方法中，由於計算和存儲分離，不需要移動或複製數據就可以從不同的服務予以訪問。因此，它帶來更好的可伸縮性、成本效益，支持數據的直接訪問。例如，這可以通過Azure Cosmos DB的Azure Synapse Link、BigQuery外部數據源或Snowflake數據共享等特性來實現。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最近宣佈的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/delta.io\/sharing","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"增量共享"}]},{"type":"text","text":"是一個開放的標準，有助於無複製的數據共享的發展趨勢。據其網站介紹，“增量共享是業界首個用於安全數據共享的開放協議，它使得與其他組織共享數據變得非常簡單，不管他們使用的是哪種計算平臺。”"}]},{"type":"horizontalrule"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/holly_cummins","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Holly Cummins"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"，"},{"type":"text","text":"IBM公司戰略創新的領導者，曾在IBM Garage做過幾年的顧問，分享並貢獻了“"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/articles\/cloud-native-culture","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲本地是關於文化，而不是容器"}]},{"type":"text","text":"”的見解和文章，並與InfoQ分享。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"科技領域有些東西變化太快了，而有些東西卻幾乎沒有變化。關於2019年DevOps和雲InfoQ趨勢報告的大部分介紹都像是現在剛寫出來的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"CI\/CD工具和CI\/CD實踐之間仍存在混淆，我認爲在消除這些混淆方面並沒有任何進展，在CI\/CD實踐方面也沒有任何進展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"討論中似乎遺漏了一件事，那就是可觀察性。就像“AIOps”一樣，它內容厚重且冗長，但感覺有點像2018年的“雲原生”。只要你的產品涉及這個領域，不管具體在什麼地方，就必須加上“可觀察性”這個詞。於是其他人會指出它不是真正的可觀察性，因爲可觀察性代表着不同的東西，然後大家開始爭論不休。：）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在圖表中將可觀察性分解爲“集中日誌聚合”之類的內容似乎很是明智，因爲這樣可以避免爭論，但它又值得在討論中提及。要包括的另一個子類別我認爲是OpenTelemetry，在創新者部分。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我覺得服務網格已經從談話中消失了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"FinOps應該放在創新者部分，與之相關的一個主題是雲成本優化。RedMonk團隊的James Governor發起了過一次討論，主題令人興奮：“"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/redmonk.com\/jgovernor\/2021\/04\/28\/shifting-cost-optimisation-left-spotify-backstage-cost-insights\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"將成本優化移至左邊：Spotify後臺成本分析"}]},{"type":"text","text":"”，他在討論中區分了FinOps（成本分析的實時信息流，針對財務團隊）和“雲成本優化左移” （針對工程團隊）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"可持續發展的核算是另一個創新範疇。再說一次，這還爲時過早——我想不到在這一領域有多少足夠成熟的產品——但討論正在進行，我認爲它即將到來。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我認爲針對數據和ML的DevOps已經是早期採用者階段。DevOps for Data有兩個子類：MLOps和DataOps。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我想說的是，網站可靠性工程（SRE）現在是早期大衆。我看到很多銀行都在採用它。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我看到很多關於GitOps的討論，但我不確定這是否能轉化爲生產中的實現，或者至少不足以將其推向早期大衆。同樣，我覺得ChatOps的發展勢頭已經放緩，並沒有進入早期大衆階段。"}]},{"type":"horizontalrule"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/profile\/Renato-Losio\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Renato Losio"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，雲架構師、遠程工作愛好者和演講者。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"針對數據的DataOps \/ DevOps ：從創新者到早期採用者"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"邊緣計算\/ 邊緣ML ：現在幾乎所有國家都有了5G，至少是早期採用者。Fastly可能比預期得到了更廣泛的使用，不僅僅是用在針對邊緣計算的CDN 。雲提供商的Local Zones也呈現出一個新趨勢，目前暫不確定將其作爲一個單獨的主題是否更好。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"網站可靠性工程：從早期採用者到早期大衆。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Cloud FaaS 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Alvares"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，InfoQ的DevOps、文化與方法欄目編輯，敏捷教練。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“安全或信息安全左移”是否包含“持續驗證”?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"新增創新者："}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" 社會技術體系結構。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" DevOps價值流管理平臺。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開發人員速度（或者它可以包含在DevEx?）"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"添加到創新者或早期採用者："}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"低代碼無代碼（LCNC）。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"混合雲。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"移動："}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" AIOps和MLOps轉到早期採用者。"}]}]}]},{"type":"horizontalrule"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/profile\/Matt-Campbell\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Matt Campbell"}]},{"type":"text","text":", DevOps 首席編輯，D2L的工程總監。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"可觀察性實踐和工具不斷成熟。我認爲我們應該考慮將可觀察性主題分解爲一些較新的子主題，如"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/opentelemetry.io\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"OpenTelemetry"}]},{"type":"text","text":"和"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/sre.google\/sre-book\/service-level-objectives\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"服務級別目標(SLO)"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。正如其他人所指出的，可觀察性的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/news\/2019\/02\/rethinking-observability\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"三個支柱"}]},{"type":"text","text":"中的日誌部分是一個相對較好的部分。在這一點上，指標監控採用水平相同，我認爲處於早期大衆。可觀察性的跟蹤支柱仍然是較少被採用的部分，但是最近有了新的進步，特別是隨着OpenTelemetry的更廣泛採用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"SLO作爲一種交流結果和目標的工具，在最近的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.sloconf.com\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"SLOConf"}]},{"type":"text","text":"引領下開始復甦。我希望更多可觀察性平臺開始添加SLO創建和跟蹤工具。我想放到之後趨勢報道的創新者\/早期採用者中。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"隨着越來越多備受矚目的攻擊成爲新聞，安全問題繼續成爲熱門課題。基礎設施即代碼在早期採用者或其後，自動化IaC漏洞掃描工具和技術沒有得到很好利用（可能是早期採用者）。較新的方法，如策略即代碼（由"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.openpolicyagent.org\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Open Policy Agent (OPA)"}]},{"type":"text","text":"推廣）和遠程訪問管理工具（如"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/news\/2021\/04\/hashicorp-boundary\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"HashiCorp的Boundary"}]},{"type":"text","text":"），正在推動身份即代碼、隱私即代碼，因此這些方法可能屬於創新領域。這些趨勢是“安全左移”方法或更新的DevSecOps想法的延續。隨着對早期安全實踐的持續推動，我認爲我們將在來年看到更多的工具和流程得以引入。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"作者簡介"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/lenadroid","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Lena Hall"}]},{"type":"text","text":" - 微軟大數據工程總監。她在微軟負責大數據服務的產品改進工作，領導一個團隊，負責技術戰略。Lena 是推進、促進和推動雲服務進一步加速的工程倡議和戰略的推動者。Lena擁有超過10年的解決方案架構和軟件工程經驗，專注於分佈式雲編程、實時系統設計、高擴展性和高性能系統、大數據分析、數據科學、函數式編程和機器學習。此前，她是微軟研究院的高級軟件工程師。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/holly_cummins","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Holly Cummins"}]},{"type":"text","text":" -SPEED @IBM 創新領袖，公司戰略，在IBM Garage做了幾年的顧問。作爲Garage的一部分，她爲各行各業的客戶提供技術支持的創新，從銀行到餐飲、零售到非政府組織。Holly是Oracle Java冠軍，IBM Q大使，JavaOne搖滾明星。她是曼寧的《企業級OSGi in Action》一書的合著者。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/profile\/Renato-Losio\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Renato Losio"}]},{"type":"text","text":"：雲架構師、遠程工作愛好者、演講者和InfoQ雲計算編輯。Renato在意大利、英國、葡萄牙和德國擁有多年的軟件工程師、技術領先和雲服務專家經驗。他住在柏林，作爲Funambol的首席雲架構師遠程工作。基於位置的服務和關係數據庫是他的主要工作興趣。他是AWS數據英雄。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/jaredruckle","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Jared Ruckle"}]},{"type":"text","text":"：InfoQ的雲計算編輯；HashiCorp產品營銷。Jared 在產品營銷和產品管理方面有超過20年的經驗。他曾就職於多家IaaS、PaaS和SaaS公司，包括VMware、Pivotal和CenturyLink。目前，Jared 是HashiCorp的產品營銷總監。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ThisisAadi","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Aditya Kulkarni"}]},{"type":"text","text":"：Tenerity的博主，讀者，迭代經理，InfoQ的DevOps編輯。Aditya從開發人員角色開始，已經發展到管理領域。Aditya與組織在敏捷之旅中合作，一直保持着技術方面的聯繫。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/SteefJan","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Steef-Jan Wiggers"}]},{"type":"text","text":"：HSO技術集成架構師，微軟Azure MVP和InfoQ雲計算首席編輯。他目前的技術專長是集成平臺實現、Azure DevOps和Azure平臺解決方案架構。Steef-Jan是荷蘭Azure用戶組(Dutch Azure User Group)的董事會成員，經常在會議和用戶組上發言，爲InfoQ和無服務器筆記(Serverless Notes)撰稿。此外，微軟還將他評爲過去11年的微軟Azure MVP。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/danielbryantuk","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Daniel Byrant"}]},{"type":"text","text":"： Ambassador Labs開發者關係總監、InfoQ 新聞經理、QCon PC。他目前的技術專長是“DevOps”工具、雲\/容器平臺和微服務實現。Daniel是倫敦Java社區(LJC)的領導者，爲幾個開源項目做出過貢獻，爲InfoQ、O'Reilly和DZone等知名技術網站撰稿，並定期在QCon、JavaOne和Devoxx等國際會議上發表演講。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BealHelen","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Helen Beal"}]},{"type":"text","text":"： DevOps發言人，作家，戰略顧問，InfoQ DevOps編輯。她的關注點是通過行爲、互動和技術改進，幫助組織優化從想法到價值實現的流程。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/profile\/Rupert-Field\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Rupert Field"}]},{"type":"text","text":" ：Duffle-bag諮詢交付主管和InfoQ DevOps編輯。他喜歡學習技術，幫助人們利用技術解決問題。他的經驗包括定義、設計和交付技術團隊戰略。這包括提供指導、培訓、運營模式設計和業務轉型。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/profile\/Shaaron-A-Alvares\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Shaaron A Alvares"}]},{"type":"text","text":"：InfoQ的DevOps、文化與方法編輯，敏捷教練。她是敏捷認證領導者、敏捷國際聯盟的敏捷認證教練和敏捷認證從業者，在技術和組織轉型方面擁有全球工作經驗。她在歐洲多個全球財富500強公司(如BNP-Paribas、NYSE-Euronext、ALCOA Inc.)引入了精益敏捷產品和軟件開發實踐，並在Amazon.com、Expedia、Microsoft、T-Mobile領導了大量精益敏捷和DevOps實踐的採用和轉型。Shaaron在法國國家科學研究中心(CNRS)發表了哲學碩士和博士論文。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/profile\/Matt-Campbell\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Matt Campbell"}]},{"type":"text","text":"：首席編輯，D2L（一家教育技術公司）DevOps 、工程總監，負責他們的基礎設施和雲平臺團隊。他關注的領域是DevOps和網站可靠性工程，並做企業規模的實現。他還在康內斯托加學院(Conestoga College)教授編程課程。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"譯者簡介：冬雨，小小技術宅一枚，從事研發過程改進及質量改進方面的工作，關注編程、軟件工程、敏捷、DevOps、雲計算等領域，非常樂意將國外新鮮的IT資訊和深度技術文章翻譯分享給大家，已翻譯出版《深入敏捷測試》、《持續交付實戰》。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"原文鏈接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/articles\/devops-and-cloud-trends-2021\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"DevOps and Cloud InfoQ Trends Report - July 2021"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}
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