CPU架構下算力增長式微，人民需要下一代計算域架構，XPU未來已來

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"後摩爾定律時代，算力如何破局？安謀科技將揮“CPU+XPU”雙拳，引領新一輪算力革命。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"安謀科技發佈新業務品牌，佈局XPU智能計算賽道"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"InfoQ獲悉，8月26日，安謀科技（ARM中國的前身）發佈了“雙輪驅動”戰略以及新業務品牌 — “核芯動力”，佈局智能計算賽道。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“核芯動力”將市場提供高性能、可定製化的自主架構XPU IP產品和服務。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“核芯動力”的品牌Logo酷似一個渦輪發動機，寓意爲中國芯片產業持續提供源源動力。標誌中所包含的A元素，代表了對Arm CPU生態的傳承；X元素象徵着XPU和未來；而衆多的i元素，體現了新品牌所代表的創新（innovation）、智能（intelligence）以及無限可能（infinity）。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"CPU架構下算力演進趨緩，XPU將是下一代計算域架構"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"隨着AI、5G、IoT等技術的爆炸式發展，海量數據流的產生和多元化的應用場景爲智能計算產業帶來發展機遇。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在這一過程中，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"基於CPU架構和工藝提升的創新日益趨緩，已無法滿足新場景下多樣化算力快速增長的需求，算力提升的核心動力正從CPU擴展到以NPU、ISP、VPU、GPU等爲代表的計算單元。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"安謀科技執行董事長兼CEO吳雄昂認爲，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"新時代多樣化算力堆砌和多計算域的要求，需要下一代的計算域架構 — 超域架構（xDSA）來滿足相應的要求和挑戰，並且通過兼顧融合多個域的方法解決碎片化問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲此，安謀科技發佈了"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"“雙輪驅動”戰略。一方面持續推動 Arm CPU 架構的本土化、生態化發展；另一方面聚焦自主研發，打造自主架構的XPU產品和多樣化生態"},{"type":"text","text":" ，以自主架構XPU與傳統計算IP相配合，提供多樣化、定製化、符合中國產業及市場需求的計算元素，打造下一代融合計算平臺。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"CPU+XPU融合計算平臺將爲我們下一代智能數據流計算提供核芯動力。"},{"type":"text","text":" 從CPU到NPU、VPU再到ISP等等，這樣一個融合計算可以智能化地融合各種計算元素，減少數據流搬運之間產生的功耗。同時能夠提供針對數據流的全面解決方案”，吳雄昂表示。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在過去，從CPU到NPU 、VPU再到 ISP，每個計算單元都是獨立的，合作伙伴往往需要從多個供應商那裏把這些IP根據場景重新定義、二次開發、裁剪和優化，在新的高密度數據流計算環境當中，這是一個巨大的挑戰。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"針對這樣的挑戰，安謀科技根據場景，重新定義融合計算架構、新的指令集、處理器IP、系統軟件、設計服務。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"不同的計算單元根據使用場景進行重新定義、組合以及架構融合，優化數據搬運，降低功耗，提升效能，給合作伙伴提供完整的交付方案。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"基於超域架構（xDSA）的XPU是開放的智能數據流融合計算平臺，將針對不同應用，處理AI、視頻、圖像等功能的計算單元組成不同的解決方案，解決海量智能數據流的處理效能問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據安謀科技新業務副總裁張曉波介紹，新的融合計算架構，即超域架構（xDSA），其中主要核心是以高密度數據流處理爲中心的專有核心計算單元，同時域處理部分也引入了智能架構，另外，也會支持架構擴展進行算力的堆疊。由此，新的超域架構可以高效地進行智能數據流的處理。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"超域架構（xDSA）主要的特點一是用專用的數據流處理，二是多計算域，三是擴展，尤其是針對大算力的廠商和車廠的需求，可以提供多樣化的支持。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"XPU的新架構具有靈活、高效、專用及支持豐富產品組合等特性。其中，高靈活性表現在可以根據計算密度的需求，動態來分佈負載；高效率部分能夠基於場景調度XPU，提高整體計算效率；高性能部分可以用新的架構提升性能，並且實現超低功耗。此外，也可以支持豐富的XPU產品組合。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“核芯動力”XPU包括四大產品系列，可應用在自動駕駛等場景"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“核芯動力”旨在打造開放的智能數據流融合計算平臺，它包括安謀科技此前已經發布的“周易”NPU、“山海”SPU、“玲瓏”ISP和“玲瓏”VPU等多個自研XPU產品系列。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"截止目前，該產品系列已經實現了超90個本土客戶IP授權，預計2021年客戶基於“核芯動力”XPU產品的芯片出貨量將超過1億片。此外，安謀科技Arm CPU累計出貨量超過200多億片。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"XPU產品構建出的子系統可以支持智能物聯網、新型數據中心、自動駕駛等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"智能物聯網應用場景支持萬物互聯，基於多IP及專用總線的XPU子系統可以廣泛應用在AIoT、VR\/AR以及家庭、安防等多領域。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在新型數據中心應用方面，隨着數據中心的演進，大數據時代針對數據處理提出了新需求，如互聯網視頻，醫療領域例如疫情之下的測序，會產出更多的高密度數據流及視頻流，需要及時地處理、審覈。通過針對新型數據中心專用XPU的超域架構，可以更好地以定製的方式來解決相應的行業痛點。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"XPU子系統還可以支持新型的自動駕駛。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自動駕駛攝像頭的清晰度每過幾年就翻番，從2K、4K到8K，攝像頭數量也從2個、4個到8個、12個。這些攝像頭產生的數據流都必須被實時性地處理，才能保障行車安全。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"更重要的是，隨着這類自動化、自主智能設備的出現，設備和設備之間、車和網絡之間的實時互動產生了更多的多樣化數據。這些海量的數據流必須有一個全新的計算架構才能提供百倍算力的提升。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"隨着車載E2E架構的發展，計算趨勢也進入了下一個里程碑，多域計算及中央計算的技術演進也進一步迭代。XPU的融合計算架構，即超域架構可以滿足新的計算架構的技術演進。通過構建車規級的CPU及XPU單元的協同，XPU能夠更好地支持整個自動駕駛產業的技術演進。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"張曉波在接受InfoQ等媒體採訪時表示，針對自動駕駛業務，早在2020年，安謀科技就已有整體的產品規劃。汽車行業較分散，需要專業的功能安全機制，安謀科技針對CPU產品，包括安全產品等一系列的IP產品已提前做了完整的規劃。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一方面，今年，其IP產品將開始量產，可支持車廠的需求，並實現車上搭載。此外，安謀科技還有其他的大型IP支持AE（Automotive Enhanced），也會做汽車類的產品支撐。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，安謀科技還做了針對大算力的堆疊，包括一些子系統的搭建。在這個方面將主要針對大客戶的需求提供規劃，客戶類型包括造車新勢力，傳統的造車廠商，進入汽車領域的純芯片廠商等。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"開源開放打造XPU生態，爲"},{"type":"text","text":"ONIA會員提供“周易”NPU免費授權"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"技術之外，生態也很重要。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"吳雄昂表示，接下來，安謀科技將擁抱開源開放，通過產學研投聯動，構建XPU的全球生態。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"NPU是下一代智能計算的核心，承擔着高算力和實時感知等關鍵任務。爲了解決NPU定製過程中生態碎片化、重複投資和應用規模受限等問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年7月15日，安謀科技聯合50多家企業和機構共同發起成立了“智能計算產業技術創新聯合體”（ONIA），並宣佈了全球首個開源神經網絡處理器指令集架構（NPU ISA）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"NPU ISA 將聚集全球產業鏈資源，通過開放的模式，共建生態、共享成果，推動NPU生態建設。ONIA聚合了中國集成電路產、學，研等方面的代表力量，預計到2021年年底會員單位將突破100家。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，安謀科技還將通過技術及資本支持等多種手段，支持XPU生態建設，推動智能計算生態創新發展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"吳雄昂在發佈會現場公佈了惠及本土企業，支持技術創新的相關政策："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1、爲ONIA會員提供“周易”NPU免費授權。吳雄昂表示，此舉是爲了更快地推進產業的發展，更快地實現標準化，同時通過架構工具開源，讓大家可以自由地、更快地開發自己的核心IP。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2、聯合安創加速器，將孵化10家基於開源架構和XPU的創業企業。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"與英特爾的XPU有什麼區別？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"提到XPU，就不得不提到英特爾。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"XPU關係着這家芯片巨頭的未來。英特爾正在從一家CPU公司轉型爲一家多架構XPU公司。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年1月 ，英特爾官宣換帥，Pat Gelsinger接任Bob Swan成爲新一任首席執行官。而Pat Gelsinger肩上就負着英特爾在XPU時代的重任。接下來，他繼續推動英特爾從 CPU 向多架構 XPU 的公司轉型。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"早在 2018 年底的英特爾架構日上，英特爾對外宣佈了新戰略目標，即以製程和封裝、XPU 架構、內存和存儲、互連、安全、軟件六大技術支柱核心，從以往“PC 爲中心”向“以數據爲中心”的轉型。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"英特爾的XPU異構願景是，即由標量（Scalar）、矢量（Vector）、矩陣（Matrix）、空間（Spatial）組成的SVMS架構，分別對應CPU、GPU、加速器和FPGA，可以進行多種異構組合。這是英特爾首次、業界明確將單一架構之後的發展方向定義爲XPU。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那麼，現在安謀科技所定義的XPU與英特爾所提出的XPU戰略有什麼區別？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"吳雄昂對InfoQ等媒體表示，之前英特爾提過XPU作爲異構計算，很多廠商使用“X”的原因是，“X”代表了“多樣化、多變化、無窮”的概念。但"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"對安謀科技來講，在多元化概念的基礎上，“X”還意味着針對不同的數據流、不同應用的可定製、可編程、可擴展的架構。其次，“X”還是針對各個場景進行精確的定位和優化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“所以對我們來講‘X’有三個含義："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一個是可定製化的、多樣化的結構，包括多域的支持；第二個是可支持多樣化算力的擴展堆疊，第三個是針對各個場景的更精準的優化和效能的提升"},{"type":"text","text":"。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"這三個方向就是我們把它稱爲XPU的原因"},{"type":"text","text":"”，吳雄昂解釋到。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"張曉波進一步解釋了，異構計算與融合計算的區別。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從架構的角度，異構計算已有近10年的歷史，在異構計算髮展過程中，它綜合了CPU和非CPU類通用計算的其他領域，包括GPU和其他不同的場景，在這方面，各個公司也都在投入其中。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但實際上，計算架構在當前一些大算力要求下，例如在自動駕駛領域，有多域計算的需求，通過不同域的概念來支撐整個計算。同時，不同數據流的處理需要專用的單元支撐，也需要能擴展。在此基礎上，安謀科技專門提出了新的架構定義— 超域架構（xDSA），也就是XPU的新架構。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"超域架構（xDSA）可以完整地支持高密度數據流處理，包括算力迭代以及一些擴展。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"它有別於異構計算，它會把多域、超域的概念引入到行業裏，重新定義整個新架構部分。"},{"type":"text","text":" 這一架構可以長期支持不同產品，包括不同業務應用場景，包括新型數據中心。"}]}]}