CPU架构下算力增长式微，人民需要下一代计算域架构，XPU未来已来

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"后摩尔定律时代，算力如何破局？安谋科技将挥“CPU+XPU”双拳，引领新一轮算力革命。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"安谋科技发布新业务品牌，布局XPU智能计算赛道"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"InfoQ获悉，8月26日，安谋科技（ARM中国的前身）发布了“双轮驱动”战略以及新业务品牌 — “核芯动力”，布局智能计算赛道。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“核芯动力”将市场提供高性能、可定制化的自主架构XPU IP产品和服务。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“核芯动力”的品牌Logo酷似一个涡轮发动机，寓意为中国芯片产业持续提供源源动力。标志中所包含的A元素，代表了对Arm CPU生态的传承；X元素象征着XPU和未来；而众多的i元素，体现了新品牌所代表的创新（innovation）、智能（intelligence）以及无限可能（infinity）。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"CPU架构下算力演进趋缓，XPU将是下一代计算域架构"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"随着AI、5G、IoT等技术的爆炸式发展，海量数据流的产生和多元化的应用场景为智能计算产业带来发展机遇。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在这一过程中，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"基于CPU架构和工艺提升的创新日益趋缓，已无法满足新场景下多样化算力快速增长的需求，算力提升的核心动力正从CPU扩展到以NPU、ISP、VPU、GPU等为代表的计算单元。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"安谋科技执行董事长兼CEO吴雄昂认为，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"新时代多样化算力堆砌和多计算域的要求，需要下一代的计算域架构 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从CPU到NPU、VPU再到ISP等等，这样一个融合计算可以智能化地融合各种计算元素，减少数据流搬运之间产生的功耗。同时能够提供针对数据流的全面解决方案”，吴雄昂表示。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在过去，从CPU到NPU 、VPU再到 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CPU累计出货量超过200多亿片。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"XPU产品构建出的子系统可以支持智能物联网、新型数据中心、自动驾驶等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"智能物联网应用场景支持万物互联，基于多IP及专用总线的XPU子系统可以广泛应用在AIoT、VR\/AR以及家庭、安防等多领域。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在新型数据中心应用方面，随着数据中心的演进，大数据时代针对数据处理提出了新需求，如互联网视频，医疗领域例如疫情之下的测序，会产出更多的高密度数据流及视频流，需要及时地处理、审核。通过针对新型数据中心专用XPU的超域架构，可以更好地以定制的方式来解决相应的行业痛点。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"XPU子系统还可以支持新型的自动驾驶。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自动驾驶摄像头的清晰度每过几年就翻番，从2K、4K到8K，摄像头数量也从2个、4个到8个、12个。这些摄像头产生的数据流都必须被实时性地处理，才能保障行车安全。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"更重要的是，随着这类自动化、自主智能设备的出现，设备和设备之间、车和网络之间的实时互动产生了更多的多样化数据。这些海量的数据流必须有一个全新的计算架构才能提供百倍算力的提升。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"随着车载E2E架构的发展，计算趋势也进入了下一个里程碑，多域计算及中央计算的技术演进也进一步迭代。XPU的融合计算架构，即超域架构可以满足新的计算架构的技术演进。通过构建车规级的CPU及XPU单元的协同，XPU能够更好地支持整个自动驾驶产业的技术演进。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"张晓波在接受InfoQ等媒体采访时表示，针对自动驾驶业务，早在2020年，安谋科技就已有整体的产品规划。汽车行业较分散，需要专业的功能安全机制，安谋科技针对CPU产品，包括安全产品等一系列的IP产品已提前做了完整的规划。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一方面，今年，其IP产品将开始量产，可支持车厂的需求，并实现车上搭载。此外，安谋科技还有其他的大型IP支持AE（Automotive Enhanced），也会做汽车类的产品支撑。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，安谋科技还做了针对大算力的堆叠，包括一些子系统的搭建。在这个方面将主要针对大客户的需求提供规划，客户类型包括造车新势力，传统的造车厂商，进入汽车领域的纯芯片厂商等。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"开源开放打造XPU生态，为"},{"type":"text","text":"ONIA会员提供“周易”NPU免费授权"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"技术之外，生态也很重要。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"吴雄昂表示，接下来，安谋科技将拥抱开源开放，通过产学研投联动，构建XPU的全球生态。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"NPU是下一代智能计算的核心，承担着高算力和实时感知等关键任务。为了解决NPU定制过程中生态碎片化、重复投资和应用规模受限等问题。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年7月15日，安谋科技联合50多家企业和机构共同发起成立了“智能计算产业技术创新联合体”（ONIA），并宣布了全球首个开源神经网络处理器指令集架构（NPU 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将聚集全球产业链资源，通过开放的模式，共建生态、共享成果，推动NPU生态建设。ONIA聚合了中国集成电路产、学，研等方面的代表力量，预计到2021年年底会员单位将突破100家。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，安谋科技还将通过技术及资本支持等多种手段，支持XPU生态建设，推动智能计算生态创新发展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"吴雄昂在发布会现场公布了惠及本土企业，支持技术创新的相关政策："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1、为ONIA会员提供“周易”NPU免费授权。吴雄昂表示，此举是为了更快地推进产业的发展，更快地实现标准化，同时通过架构工具开源，让大家可以自由地、更快地开发自己的核心IP。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2、联合安创加速器，将孵化10家基于开源架构和XPU的创业企业。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"与英特尔的XPU有什么区别？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"提到XPU，就不得不提到英特尔。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"XPU关系着这家芯片巨头的未来。英特尔正在从一家CPU公司转型为一家多架构XPU公司。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年1月 ，英特尔官宣换帅，Pat Gelsinger接任Bob Swan成为新一任首席执行官。而Pat Gelsinger肩上就负着英特尔在XPU时代的重任。接下来，他继续推动英特尔从 CPU 向多架构 XPU 的公司转型。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"早在 2018 年底的英特尔架构日上，英特尔对外宣布了新战略目标，即以制程和封装、XPU 架构、内存和存储、互连、安全、软件六大技术支柱核心，从以往“PC 为中心”向“以数据为中心”的转型。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"英特尔的XPU异构愿景是，即由标量（Scalar）、矢量（Vector）、矩阵（Matrix）、空间（Spatial）组成的SVMS架构，分别对应CPU、GPU、加速器和FPGA，可以进行多种异构组合。这是英特尔首次、业界明确将单一架构之后的发展方向定义为XPU。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那么，现在安谋科技所定义的XPU与英特尔所提出的XPU战略有什么区别？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"吴雄昂对InfoQ等媒体表示，之前英特尔提过XPU作为异构计算，很多厂商使用“X”的原因是，“X”代表了“多样化、多变化、无穷”的概念。但"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"对安谋科技来讲，在多元化概念的基础上，“X”还意味着针对不同的数据流、不同应用的可定制、可编程、可扩展的架构。其次，“X”还是针对各个场景进行精确的定位和优化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“所以对我们来讲‘X’有三个含义："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一个是可定制化的、多样化的结构，包括多域的支持；第二个是可支持多样化算力的扩展堆叠，第三个是针对各个场景的更精准的优化和效能的提升"},{"type":"text","text":"。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"这三个方向就是我们把它称为XPU的原因"},{"type":"text","text":"”，吴雄昂解释到。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"张晓波进一步解释了，异构计算与融合计算的区别。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"从架构的角度，异构计算已有近10年的历史，在异构计算发展过程中，它综合了CPU和非CPU类通用计算的其他领域，包括GPU和其他不同的场景，在这方面，各个公司也都在投入其中。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但实际上，计算架构在当前一些大算力要求下，例如在自动驾驶领域，有多域计算的需求，通过不同域的概念来支撑整个计算。同时，不同数据流的处理需要专用的单元支撑，也需要能扩展。在此基础上，安谋科技专门提出了新的架构定义— 超域架构（xDSA），也就是XPU的新架构。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"超域架构（xDSA）可以完整地支持高密度数据流处理，包括算力迭代以及一些扩展。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"它有别于异构计算，它会把多域、超域的概念引入到行业里，重新定义整个新架构部分。"},{"type":"text","text":" 这一架构可以长期支持不同产品，包括不同业务应用场景，包括新型数据中心。"}]}]}