2021最Top的編程語言是Python，而不是JavaScript？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近日，IEEE Spectrum"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/spectrum.ieee.org\/top-programming-languages-2021","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"發佈"}]},{"type":"text","text":"了2021年度編程語言排行榜，其綜合排行榜顯示，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"前五名依次是Python、Java、C、C++和JavaScript。"},{"type":"text","text":"排行榜依然涵蓋 4 種不同類型的編程語言，分別是用於開發網站和應用的語言（Web）、用於企業、桌面和科學應用的語言（Enterprise）、用於移動設備端的語言（Mobile）以及用於嵌入式環境的語言（Embedded）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這與前陣子Stack Overflow的報告結果有所不同，Stack Overflow全球開發者調查報告給出的排名顯示，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"最流行、使用率最高的是JavaScript（65%）"},{"type":"text","text":"，其次是 Python（48.2%）和 Java（35.35%）。最受開發者喜愛的則是 Rust 語言，Python也是沒能獨佔鰲頭。Redmonk 也將 JavaScript 排在首位，JetBrains的開發者生態系統調查中 JavaScript 也位居榜首。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一般來說調查結果的不同與調查來源有較大的關係，IEEE"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/spectrum.ieee.org\/ieee-top-programming-languages-design-methods-and-data-sources","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"採用"}]},{"type":"text","text":"了 8 個信息源、按照 11 種指標去進行分析。這些來源包括 Google、Twitter、GitHub、StackOverflow、Reddit、Hacker News、CareerBuilder和IEEE。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"具體指標有："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1、利用“X programming”關鍵詞搜索每個語言，得到該關鍵詞在Google上的點擊次數，其中“X”是該語言的名稱。經常被引用的TIOBE排名也有采用這個指標；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2、利用“X programming”獲取每種編程語言的谷歌趨勢指數；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3、Twitter上“X programming”的點擊量；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"4、統計GitHub上每種語言所創建的新倉庫數；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"5、統計GitHub上每種語言的活躍倉庫數；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"6、Stack Overflow上發佈的提及每種語言的問題數量；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"7、利用“X programming”搜索Reddit上涉及每種語言的帖子數；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"8、利用“X programming”搜索Hacker News上提及每種語言的帖子數；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"9、衡量CareerBuilder上對每種語言的招聘需求；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"10、IEEE Job Site上對每種語言的招聘需求；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"11、利用“X programming”搜索IEEE Xplore數字圖書館提及的每種語言的文章數量。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/f5\/f5fb05670f2a2662c4b5b31cbb169bb6.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了綜合排名，IEEE還提供了從趨勢排名（Trending）、工作需求（Jobs）、開源（Open）和自定義（Custom）等多個維度的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/spectrum.ieee.org\/top-programming-languages\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"排行榜"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，可以讓讀者自己選擇參數組合時的權重，得到不同的排序結果。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"比如從工作需求出發："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/5c\/5cf0c123df69ee82c50a2cf43ad90701.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}}],"text":"工作中需求最大的編程語言"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在開源社區最受歡迎的排名中，Python 依然位列第一，而2020 年排名前 10 中的 Arduino 被 C# 所取代。"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/71\/7150077c4787da2118dcbf825c3a1e87.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}}],"text":"開源維度的排名"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"IEEE指出，一些指標反映了特定時間內的趨勢特性：例如，在 Twitter 指標中，Cobol 從第 7 位下降到第 34 位。這是因爲新冠肺炎疫情那會政府官員提出更新舊系統的請求後，Cobol 在 2020 年曾一度成爲 Twitter 上的熱門話題。而處理這種非常規情況也是IEEE結合多個指標的原因。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"值得一提的是，微軟的C#從去年的25名上升到今年的第7位，這大概率跟2020 年 11 月發佈的9.0 版本以及新推出的 Windows 11有關。此外，開發者對分佈式系統的興趣也在持續增長，而C# 正是爲此而設計的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"延展閱讀："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/spectrum.ieee.org\/top-programming-languages-2021","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/spectrum.ieee.org\/top-programming-languages-2021"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.theregister.com\/2021\/08\/25\/top_programming_language_python\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.theregister.com\/2021\/08\/25\/top_programming_language_python\/"}]}]}]}