Malagu：平台无关的开源Serverless First应用开发框架

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"什么是 Malagu"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/github.com\/cellbang\/malagu","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Malagu"}]},{"type":"text","text":" "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"是基于 TypeScript 的 Serverless First、组件化、平台无关的渐进式应用框架，也是首款 Serverless First 应用开发框架。"},{"type":"text","text":" 使用同一套编程语言和 IoC 设计，用于开发前端、后端和前后端一体化应用。并且结合了 OOP（面向对象编程）、AOP（面向切面编程）等元素，借鉴了很多 Spring Boot 设计思想。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在后端，Malagu 抽象一套接口，方便适配任意的平台和基础框架，是一个平台或基础框架无关的上层框架。平台如阿里云函数计算、腾讯云云函数、AWS Lambda、Vercel 等，基础框架如 Express、Koa、Fastify 等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 Serverless 场景，Malagu 是以应用为单位开发项目，一个应用一般包含多个 API 接口。如果我们的应用很大，我们应该将大应用拆解成一个个小的微应用或者微服务。就像微服务架构的粒度拆分原则一样，合理的粒度拆分，对我们的应用管理是有很多好处的。框架会保证一个应用在一个函数中的运行性能。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"开源项目与社区发展"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"截至 2021 年 9 月，Malagu 经历了"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三年"},{"type":"text","text":"的打磨和真实项目实践，陆续发布了 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"128"},{"type":"text","text":" 个版本。目前 Malagu 核心部分已经稳定，拥有 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"10"},{"type":"text","text":" 位左右的核心共建成员。在微信小程序、钉钉小程序、uniapp、门户网站、内容管理平台、云文档平台等场景都有真实项目成功落地。我们自己每天都在用 Malagu 开发真实业务项目。​"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在社区发展过程中，被越来越多的开发者和云厂商的认可，陆续有 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"29"},{"type":"text","text":" 位开发者加入到我们的社区共建团队。在早期，阿里云 CRO 团队就采用了 Malagu 实现了内部的 CMS 平台，并成功上线了几十个 CMS 系统。后面主要有以下实际应用："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":1,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"被阿里云开发者平台集成为多个场景解决方案；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"被阿里云函数计算的 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/github.com\/devsapp\/start-malagu","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Serverless Devs"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 工具集成；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"被腾云扣钉 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/cloudstudio.net\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Cloud Studio"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 内置到预置环境；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":4,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"被腾讯云 Serverless 团队认可，并成为腾讯云函数首个合作的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/cloud.tencent.com\/document\/product\/583\/61392","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第三方开发框架"}]},{"type":"text","text":"；"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我们的愿景是做世界上最好用的 Serverless First 开发框架，我们也期待有更多的社区开发者参与进来。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Malagu 架构图"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/15\/4d\/1556274ac0bcd4dfdaae97b08f5c094d.svg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"为什么需要 Malagu"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"坚信 Serverless 是未来"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"​"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Serverless 是云计算新一代计算引擎，为取代传统云服务器架构而生。Serverless 核心理念是让开发者不用关心服务器的存在，专注于业务代码。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Serverless 现状如何"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"现在，所有云厂商和社区都在大力推广和布道 Serverless 理念，通过 Serverless 可以低成本高质量快速落地商业方案。目前，大家普遍认为 Serverless = FaaS + BaaS，未来也可能是其他的形态，不管形态如何变化，Serverless 的核心理念是不变的。所有 Serverless 的开发体验关键在 FaaS 的开发体验，而 FaaS 目前开发体验不是很理想，存在着很多的痛点。部分痛点短时间内在 FaaS 底层上可能难解决，部分痛点可能在工具、框架层面去解决更合理。比如冷启动、CICD、微服务、数据库访问、本地开发调试运行、平台不锁定等。未来，会有越来越多的 Serverless First 的开发框架框架出现，而不仅仅是资源编排运维工具，结合 Serverless First 开发框架提供更高级的 Serverless 开发平台或者低代码平台。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如何解决这些痛点"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我们可以换一个思路，从开发框架层面尝试解决这些问题（事实证明，可以通过开发框架来解决这些问题）。那么，我们面临新的抉择是采用传统框架，还是需要一个全新的框架？如果选择做一个新框架，那么，我们是选择特定编程语言，还是通用编程语言？"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"为什么需要一个全新的框架"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"​"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"传统框架在开发体验上，大家肯定是接受的，毕竟已经使用了这么多年。但是传统框架开发的应用在迁移到 Serverless 环境时，往往会遇到各种各样难以解决的问题，这些问题往往是与框架底层设计密切相关。虽然我们可以通过框架扩展能力去解决或者缓解部分问题，实践下来的结果是框架改造门槛很高、效果不太理想、需要 Hack，不够优雅。当您在 Serverless 采用传统框架时，您往往会感觉虽然应用可以跑起来，但是真正应用到生产级别您会有顾虑。当然，随着 Serverless 平台底层技术的不断发展，传统框架在 Severless 场景上的处境也会有极大的改善。要想达到最佳状态，单方面的改变是不够的，需要框架也能合理去适配 Serverless 场景。就像前端 UI 框架需要 Mobile First，浏览器提供响应式支持，前端 UI 框架提供相关的适配。所有我们需要一个全新的、Serverless Fisrt 的开发框架。只有这样才能极大发挥 Serverless 优势，并让 Serverless 开发体验继承甚至超越传统开发体验。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"为什么选择特定编程语言"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前，开源社区也存在不少语言无关的 Serverless 工具或框架，比如 Funcraft、Serverless Framework、Vercel 等等。这类通用语言型 Serverless 工具在运维层面确实可以做到不错的体验，也可以形成通用的标准。但是，在应用代码开发、调试、运行等开发体验上不那么理想。每种编程语言在开发、调试和运行等方面都有自己独特的地方，通用语言型 Serverless 工具很难做到统一的同时开发体验还能做到很好。只有选择特定的编程语言，才能让开发、调试和运行等方面的体验达到极致。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"为什么选择 Typescript"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Serverless 让后端开发门槛变得极低，前端开发者基于 Serverless 开发后端应用的学习成本也极低。未来越来越多的前端开发者成为全栈开发者。Typescript 既可以开发前端，又可以开发后端，对于前端或者全栈的开发者来说十分友好。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"前端架构其实就是一种类 Serverless 架构，比如前端浏览器需要加载前端代码来执行，而 Serverless 场景也需要加载用户的代码来执行。因此，前端的很多解决方案天然适合 Serverless 场景，比如前端通过打包、压缩、Tree Shaking 来减少代码体积，减少代码部署和冷启动时间。同样，该优化方案也适用与 Serverless 场景，所以选择 Typescript，则相当于直接拥有了经过无数真实场景打磨的现成解决方案。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另外，Typescript 和 Java 很接近，Java 开发者也能很方便切换到 Typescript 技术栈。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Malagu 带来的价值"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Malagu 是基于 TypeScript 的 Serverless First、可扩展和组件化的渐进式应用开发框架。Malagu 屏蔽掉不同 Serverless 平台底层细节和 Serverless 场景存在的大部分痛点。Malagu 基于真实业务场景打磨，提供生产级别可用的解决方案。提供多云解决方案，云厂商不锁定。​"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如何使用 Malagu"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Malagu 框架是由一系列组件组成，每一个组件其实就是一个 node 模块，根据您的业务场景选择合适的组件，您也可以基于组件机制开发属于自己的组件。为了快速开发，Malagu 提供了一个命令行工具，命令行工具内置不同场景的开箱即用的模板，通过命令行工具可以快速创建您的应用。首先，我们需要安装相关命令行工具："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"bash"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"$ npm install -g @malagu\/cli # 安装 Malagu 命令行工具\n$ malagu init project-name # 使用命令行工具 malagu init 命令，选择一个模板，初始化一个模板应用\n$ cd project-name # 进入到应用的根目录\n$ malagu serve # 启动应用，默认端口为 3000\n"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"打开浏览器并导航到 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"http:\/\/localhost:3000\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"http:\/\/localhost:3000\/"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Malagu 与传统框架、Serverless Framework（sls） 比较"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"与传统开发框架比较"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Malagu 是一个全栈应用开发框架，如果只看后端部分，Malagu 与 Spring Boot 是同一层次的东西，如果只看前端部分，Malagu 是 React、Vue 等前端框架之上的更上层的抽象，所以 Malagu 是前端框架无关的。Malagu 与传统框架比较，Malagu 提供了前后端渐进式一体化方案，在前后端之上做了一层抽象，让前后端在开发、测试、部署拥有一致的体验。传统框架一般不考虑应用部署环节，Malagu 借助 Serverless 技术优势，让部署环节变得流畅且低成本。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另外，Malagu 也是一个 Serverless 优先的框架，屏蔽了 Serverless 底层的细节，开箱即用。针对 Serverless 场景做了很多优化，如冷启动、数据库操作等等；同时，也提供了很多开箱即用的能力，比如安全、认证与授权、OAuth2.0、OIDC、数据库操作、缓存、前端框架集成、依赖注入、AOP、微服务等等。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"与 Serverless Framework（sls） 比较"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Malagu 重点还是在开发框架上。Malagu 与 sls 唯一有重叠的地方是 Malagu 基于自身的组件机制实现了一套平台无关的部署组件，该部署组件，目前只服务与 Malagu 自身，为 Malagu 提供极致的部署体验，零配置，一键部署。当然 Malagu 也可以很方便地使用 sls 部署。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"sls 偏运维工具，侧重于对 Serverless 相关资源的编排。sls 提供 component 机制，方便不同的开发框架去集成 sls。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"加入我们"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Malagu 是 MIT 许可的开源项目。需要优秀人士的支持使它不断发展。如果您想加入我们，请联系我们，我们的邮箱是 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"[email protected]"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"【编者按】"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"如果你有开源故事或对开源的深刻观点想要分享、或开源项目想要寻求报道，欢迎联系微信caifangfang842852（请注明姓名和来由）。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}