短短十年，從草根機器學習工程師做到 CEO，Twitter新掌門人的職場開掛史

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最近，Twitter迎來了第五任CEO。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"11月29日，Twitter創始人Jack Dorsey宣佈辭去CEO一職，接任者是前CTO Parag Agarawal ，任命立即生效。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這位新任首席執行官年僅37歲，與扎克伯克同年同月生，比小扎小了一個星期。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上任TwitterCEO後，Parag Agarawal已成爲領導大型科技公司的最年輕CEO之一，他也因此成爲美國標普500指數成分股公司最年輕的CEO。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"值得一提的是，Parag Agarawal的經歷就是一部妥妥的職場開掛史，在剛加入Twitter時，他還只是一名普通的機器學習工程師，在短短10年時間裏，他從工程師做到CTO，再到成爲Jack Dorsey的接班人。一路升到今天的位置，Agrawal有什麼過人之處？"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開掛的職場經歷"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上週，領英上的一篇帖子在網上“瘋傳”，這篇帖子提到了Twitter 新 CEO Parag Agrawal 的職業生涯路線。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在上述帖子中，Mastech Digital的高級招聘人員Nischay Jain分享了一張Parag Agrawal 在LinkedIn簡歷中提到的職業經歷。其簡歷顯示，Parag Agrawal 在加入Twitter之前，曾在美國電話電報公司(AT&T)、微軟和雅虎等多家公司工作過。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不過，他從一家公司跳槽到另一家公司的時間間隔很短，而且他跳槽的速度也很快。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/4e\/4ebf2c46ed3d0cc755696af3ac22f218.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在招聘人員看來，這似乎不是一個適合的候選人的簡歷。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“看了他的經歷後，我很震驚”，Nischay Jain在帖子中寫道，“十分之九的招聘人員會拒絕Parag Agrawal 的簡歷，因爲他的職業生涯很多處於空白期，而且頻繁更換工作。如果Twitter的人力資源部門在10年前也這麼做的話，他們就會失去一位成爲新CEO的人才。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當然，跳槽頻繁並不能單一的評判一位候選人的綜合能力。不是所有的求職者在進入職場時都能找到“雙向奔赴”的工作，尤其是對於年輕人，試錯是在所難免的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Parag Agrawal自從2011年加入Twitter後，就一直在這家公司呆了10年的時間，可見他在以往多次跳槽經歷之後，終於找到了令他自己滿意的公司。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Parag Agrawal最初是加入的Twitter的廣告技術開發團隊，這是Twitter最早廣泛使用機器學習和大數據分析等技術的工程團隊。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在發給Twitter員工的電子郵件中，Parag Agrawal談及，在他加入Twitter時，這家公司只有不到1000名員工。“我曾站在你的立場上，經歷過起起落落、挑戰和障礙、勝利和錯誤.....” 他寫道。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"得益於此前在斯坦福大學學習大數據的經歷，Parag Agrawal很快在團隊裏脫穎而出，他主導開發了用戶定向廣告技術算法，幫助Twitter提升了廣告定向能力和營收，他很快被評爲獲得「傑出工程師」的稱號。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"他也因此晉升進入Twitter的核心技術骨幹團隊TAG，負責公司研發的未來新技術。2017年，Parag Agrawal被任命爲首席技術官。一名普通工程師到CTO，僅僅花了6年的時間。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而在成爲CTO短短4年之後，他又被提拔爲CEO，晉升速度十分之快。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據外媒報道，擔任CEO後，Parag Agarwal將獲得100萬美元的年薪。不過，根據週一提交的一份公司文件，除了基礎年薪，Parag Agarwal還將參與公司的高管獎金計劃，新目標獎金爲年基本工資的150%。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“技術至上”型CTO"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在擔任 CTO期間，Parag Agrawal負責制定和監督Twitter的技術戰略並提高開發速度, 同時負責管理機器學習和人工智能業務的發展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一直以來，他主導和參與的都是Twitter最面向未來的技術和項目，包括機器學習、加密貨幣和雲技術等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Parag Agrawal是AI技術的堅定支持者。在擔任CTO期間，他大力推動AI等新技術在Twitter平臺的部署與使用，尤其是機器學習技術。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"他也是去中心化和區塊鏈技術標準的支持者。Parag Agrawal領導了Twitter雄心勃勃的Bluesky計劃，Bluesky是Twitter致力於打造開放的、去中心化的社交網絡而專門打造的項目。該平臺將把審覈責任從Twitter工程師和經理轉移到更廣泛的用戶羣上，讓用戶更多掌控自己發佈的內容，更有效地管理虛假及有效信息。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"他認爲，AI和去中心化技術是讓Twitter平臺變得對用戶更友善，有效管理各種負面內容的重要手段。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020年，Parag Agrawal在接受MIT科技評論採訪時表示，Twitter的職責是讓公衆有一個健康的討論環境。“我們不該只關注自由話語權，而同時也要注意到這個社會正在發生鉅變”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"他還致力於解決算法偏見問題。例如，在用戶注意到網站上的圖像傾向於剪掉黑人部分並以白人面孔爲中心之後，他帶領團隊改變了Twitter的圖像裁剪算法，減少對機器學習的依賴。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Agrawal曾在去年10月的一篇博客文章中寫道：“機器學習系統中的偏見是一個全行業的問題，我們致力於在Twitter改進這一問題。”“我們意識到自身的責任重大，並希望努力讓所有人都更容易瞭解我們的系統是如何工作的。”"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"社交能力出衆"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Agrawal爲人低掉，甚少出現在公衆面前。與Twitter創始人Jack Dorsey相比，Agrawal在公司之外，知道他的人並不多。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"也正因此，在官宣任命消息出來後，很多人對於這位Jack Dorsey的繼任者人選感到異常驚訝。美國國家公共電臺(NPR)報道稱，一些現任和前任員工聽聞Agrawal成爲CEO後，十分喫驚，因爲他在Twitter內部的地位低於其他高管。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"事實上，Agrawal的能力是被遠遠低估的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在Jack Dorsey的辭任說明中，他對Agrawal的能力以及在推特的成長之路大加稱讚，“Agrawal最初是一名工程師，他非常關心我們的工作，現在他是我們的首席執行官(我也走過類似的道路，他做得更好!)，光是這一點就讓我感到驕傲。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"他表示，Twitter的每個重大決策背後都有着Parag的付出。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Agrawal 是上司Jack Dorsey理念和戰略堅實的支持者和實施者。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Jack Dorsey從2014年開始在Twitter平臺部署AI技術，而作爲AI技術鑑定信奉者的Agrawal 受到了上司的賞識。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2015年，Twitter時任CEO Dick Costello因業績、股價雙雙低迷辭職，Jack Dorsey全面接手Twitter進行重大調整，這期間，Agrawal 成爲他最爲信任的副手。2017年阿格加瓦爾擔任Twitter CTO之後，開始重組公司的技術基礎架構。2019年Jack Dorsey開始推動Twitter平臺的去中心化戰略，他選擇了讓Agrawal來負責實施。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"CNN援引一位Twitter高管的評論稱，Parag Agrawal一直是Twitter最大和最敏感政策背後的技術實施者。例如Twitter讓用戶可以選擇按照公司算法或者按照時間線瀏覽信息流的計劃就是Parag帶領團隊實現的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但部分Twitter員工也表示，雖然Parag在公司內部受到員工的尊敬，但其管理經驗也許並不充足。“他在Twitter期間大部分時間都沒有直接下屬。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Parag Agrawal在公司之外，也展現出了強大的社交能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據瞭解，Agrawal與亞馬遜新任總裁兼首席執行官Andy Jassy關係很好，後者在今年早些時候接替貝索斯掌舵母公司之前，用了15年時間將AWS發展成了一家價值400億美元的企業。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在重組公司的技術基礎架構過程中，Parag Agrawal領導公司全面轉用亞馬遜和谷歌的雲計算服務。去年，Twitter宣佈了一項使用AWS交付時間線功能的計劃。這一決定標誌着Twitter首次使用公共雲來提供實時服務。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"新官上任：更強調速度"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Agrawal接管Twitter的時機還不錯，這家公司正保持着良好的增長勢頭。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在7月的投資者電話會議中，該公司報告其年收入增長了74%至11.9億美元，每日活躍用戶增長11%至2.06億。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不過，這位新任領導者對於公司的發展速度有着更高的期待。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近日，在接管Twitter以來的首次公開露面中，Parag Agrawal向外界傳遞了一個明確的信號："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"預計這家社交網絡公司的發展速度將比過去快得多。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"儘管Parag Agrawal擔任Twitter首席執行官僅11天，但他已經對公司高層做出了重大調整。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上週五，他對公司進行了重組，以消費者、收入和核心技術爲主要支柱，每個部門都由總經理管理。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了Kayvon Beykpour、Bruce Falck和Nick Caldwell三位新任總經理，Lindsey Iannucci被任命爲運營副總裁。Parag Agrawal說:“她將幫助我們在這個新結構中提高運營的嚴密性，真正讓我們更快地做出決策，更清楚地擁有所有權，加強問責制，改善運營，這將使整體執行速度更快，取得更好的結果。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“我相信我們已經做好了安排和準備，所以他們可以真正快速行動，”他表示。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當然公司掌舵者的更迭也意味着公司管理層的重大變化，難免有些人因此離開。據瞭解，之前向Jack Dorsey彙報的兩名高管——工程主管和設計與研究計劃在12月底離職。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如今，Parag Agrawal十分關注“速度”。他解釋說，以往在擔任首席技術官時，他如何專注於重建公司陳舊的技術堆棧，以加快產品的出貨速度。“由於需要在團隊之間進行大量的協調，所以決策過程一直比較緩慢”。而如今隨着角色的變化，他的關注點也將不同。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"現在，Meta（Facebook）正在將元宇宙作爲這家公司最重要的戰略，而作爲Twitter來說，在元宇宙時代，下一代社交網絡將是什麼樣子？這無疑需要Parag Agrawal來帶領這家公司找尋答案。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"又一位執掌美國頂尖科技公司的印度裔"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Parag Agrawal身上，另一個備受關注的點在於，在成爲Twitter的新CEO之後，他成爲又一名執掌美國頂尖科技公司的印度裔。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根據領英資料顯示，Agrawal曾就讀於印度馬哈拉施特拉邦的原子能中心學院，然後在孟買的印度理工學院獲得學士學位，並在斯坦福大學獲得計算機科學博士學位。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如今，微軟的 Satya Nadella、Alphabet 的 Sundar Pichai，以及 IBM、Adobe、Palo Alto Networks、VMWare 和 Vimeo 的高層老闆都是印度裔。此外，除 CEO 外，在很多公司的頂級高管和普通員工中，印度裔所佔的比重也相當之高。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"印度裔對全球科技界的影響力顯然與人們的直覺相悖，而事實上，這種影響力已經持續了數十年。這個常被冠以貧富差距大、髒亂差等代名詞的國家，是如何培養出如此多全球聞名的 CEO 的？一個國家又是如何成爲硅谷乃至全球的人才庫的？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根源多來自文化層面。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"語言優勢被認爲是印度人在硅谷站穩腳跟的突出優勢。由於歷史原因，英語在印度有悠久且廣泛的傳播度，現在英語算是印度的副官方語言，印度人十分重視英語水平。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"印度人英語水平普遍較高。印式英語雖然常被詬病帶有生硬的“咖喱味”，口音很重，但印度人能講的十分流利，相較於其他在硅谷工作的亞裔— 中國人、日本人、韓國人等，印度人的英語口語水平是最高的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"印度人還有一項神奇的能力，那就是，不管“咖喱味”多麼嚴重，但他們就是敢說，樂於表達，敢於表達自己的意見，善於辯論，絲毫不怯場。印度是一個高度多語言的文化，各種語言 \/ 方言種類近 2 萬種，有二十幾種官方語言，從小生活在這樣的多語言環境中，印度人的表達能力得到了天然鍛鍊。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這種多語言、多宗教、多種族的多元文化環境也塑造了印度人超強的適應能力和包容異見者的品格。印度種姓制度等級森嚴、六大宗教並存，如何與不同的種姓及不同宗教信仰的人和平共處、共事，對很多印度人來說是一種必備技能，他們不會因爲文化相反而樹敵，也不會在工作場所對某個特定的人或羣體帶有偏見。這些生存技能令他們很快的融入到美國環境中。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"印度人愛“抱團”。印度人有特別的抱團文化，羣體之間互相提攜，因此常常可以看到，如果有一個印度人進了某家公司，很快他就會介紹他的親朋好友也進來。如果有一個印度人和別人發生了衝突，那麼其“老鄉”也會站在他這邊。自上世紀 80 年代第一代印度人闖蕩硅谷以來，經過長期的相互推介，印度裔已經形成了龐大的人脈關係網。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"精英教育選拔出類人才。印度重視精英教育，優質的教育資源集中在私立學校，私立學校擁有完善的西式基礎設施和西式教育模式。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"印度名校的錄取率幾乎是牛津大學和劍橋大學的十分之一，印度理工大學是公認的全球最難進的大學，錄取率遠低於麻省理工，從印度理工出去的學生大多選擇了去美國深造，並在硅谷取得了傑出的成就。Parag Agrawal便來自印度理工這家“印度神校”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"參考鏈接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/magazines\/style\/celebrity\/article\/3157998\/who-twitters-new-ceo-parag-agrawal-jack-dorsey-anoints","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/magazines\/style\/celebrity\/article\/3157998\/who-twitters-new-ceo-parag-agrawal-jack-dorsey-anoints"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/m.sohu.com\/a\/504942244_120099883\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/m.sohu.com\/a\/504942244_120099883\/"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/technology\/2021\/11\/30\/new-twitter-ceo-parag-agrawal\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/technology\/2021\/11\/30\/new-twitter-ceo-parag-agrawal\/"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}