1、準備好MySQL安裝包，官網下載地址：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/
2、把MySQL安裝壓縮包包上傳到Linux服務器的/opt目錄
3、XShell連上Linux服務器
4、運行下面命令查看是否已安裝MySQL
rpm -qa|grep mysql
5、運行下面命令查看是否已安裝mariadb
rpm -qa|grep mariadb
本機輸出：mariadb-libs-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64
可使用下面命令卸載
yum remove mariadb-libs-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64
6、切換到/opt目錄，解壓MySQL壓縮包，重命名
cd /opt tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz mv mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
7、創建mysql用戶組和用戶，創建存放日誌和數據目錄，修改目錄所屬用戶
groupadd mysql useradd mysql -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mkdir -pv /opt/mysql/data /opt/mysql/logs chown -R mysql:mysql /opt/mysql
8、創建MySQL配置文件
vim /etc/my.cnf
編輯爲下面內容後保存（basedir、datadir、log-error、pid-file路徑和上面保持一致）：
[mysqld] basedir=/opt/mysql datadir=/opt/mysql/data port = 3306 socket=/tmp/mysql.sock character-set-client-handshake = FALSE character-set-server = utf8mb4 collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci symbolic-links=0 log-error=/opt/mysql/logs/mysqld.log pid-file=/opt/mysql/mysqld.pid lower_case_table_names=1 sql_mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION" [client] default-character-set = utf8mb4 socket=/tmp/mysql.sock [mysql] socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
9、MySQL初始化、配置環境變量
/opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data echo "export PATH=/opt/mysql/bin:\$PATH" >> /etc/profile source /etc/profile
備註：
如果運行出錯，檢查/etc/my.cnf裏面的配置是否有錯，修改完後刪除/opt/mysql/data和/opt/mysql/logs裏面的文件，再執行初始化命令。
10、MySQL啓動關閉配置
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
編輯爲下面內容後保存：
# Copyright (c) 2015, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. # # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA # # systemd service file for MySQL forking server # [Unit] Description=MySQL Server Documentation=man:mysqld(8) Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html After=network.target After=syslog.target [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [Service] User=mysql Group=mysql ExecStart=/opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf LimitNOFILE = 5000
11、重新加載新的服務，設置MySQL開機自啓，啓動服務，查看啓動狀態
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable mysqld
systemctl start mysqld
systemctl status mysqld
12、查看上面生成的臨時密碼，後面mysql_secure_installation初始化要用到
head /opt/mysql/logs/mysqld.log
裏面有一行：
A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: XajJlcb(C6KV
13、執行mysql_secure_installation初始化配置嚮導設置root用戶、密碼、權限。
mysql_secure_installation
部分內容如下：
Enter password for user root: ----輸入上面的臨時密碼 New password: ----設置新密碼 Re-enter new password: ----再次輸入新密碼 Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y ----是否刪除匿名用戶 Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n----是否禁止root遠程登錄，根據需求選擇 Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n----是否刪除test數據庫，根據需求選擇 Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y----是否重新加載權限表
14、登錄，輸入下面命令行後，輸入新密碼
mysql -uroot -p
查詢數據庫
show databases;
查詢用戶表
select user,host from mysql.user;
如果需要允許在別的機器遠程連接，則需要更新字段值
use mysql;
update user set host = '%' where user = 'root' and host='localhost'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
另外防火牆3306端口也需要開啓。