6716884

✿Android 程序調試工具

Google爲我們提供的代碼調試工具的亮點：traceview和dmtracedump 。有了這兩個工具，我們調試程序分析bug就非常得心應手了。traceview幫助我們分析程序性能，dmtracedump生成函數調用圖。遺憾的是，google提供的dmtracedump是個失敗的工具，並不能繪圖，本文會詳細介紹解決方案，實現繪圖。

✿生成.trace文件

android.os.Debug類，其中重要的兩個方法Debug.startMethodTracing()和Debug.stopMethodTracing()。這兩個方法用來創建.trace文件，將從Debug.startMethodTracing()開始，到Debug.stopMethodTracing()結束，期間所有的調用過程保存在.trace文件中，包括調用的函數名稱和執行的時間等信息。
把下面代碼分別在加在調試起始代碼的位置，和終止位置。

[java] view plain copy print ?

Debug.startMethodTracing(“test”)；
Debug.stopMethodTracing()；

Debug.startMethodTracing(“test”)； 
Debug.stopMethodTracing()；

其中參數test是要創建的trace文件的名稱，test.trace。默認路徑是/sdcard/test.trace，也可以自己制定/data/log/test，表示文件在/data/log/test.trace。

✿traceview

在SDK中執行：

./traceview test.trace

我們可以得到

1.程序中每個線程調用方法的啓動和停止時間

2.函數執行的信息和效率分析

✿dmtracedump

dmtracedump原本的用意是將整個調用過程和時間分析結合，以函數調用圖的形式表現出來。可是google這個項目一直處於broken狀態，遲遲不能得到完善。現在的dmtracdump只有-o選項可以使用，在終端上列出函數調用信息，和traceview功能相似，如果執行./dmtracedump –g test.png test.trace就會卡住不動。

起初我以爲是test.trace文件的問題，對文件的結束符稍作修改，畫出了一副雷人的圖片：

後來，搜到了網絡上有牛人提供了dmtracedump的替代（這是原文鏈接），是一個python腳本，藉助dot來繪製矢量圖。python腳本一定要注意對齊格式，對齊縮進就是他的邏輯結構。

[python] view plain copy print ?

#!/usr/bin/env python
"""
turn the traceview data into a jpg pic, showing methods call relationship
"""
import sys
import os
import struct
import re
################################################################################
######################## Global Variable #####################################
################################################################################
target_thread=1 #the thread that we want to track, filt out other threads
#all_actions = ["enter","exit","exception","reserved"]
all_threads = {}
all_methods = {}
all_records = []
parent_methods = {}
child_methods = {}
method_calls = {}
################################################################################
############################## Methods #####################################
################################################################################
def add_one_thread(line):
fields = line.split("/t")
all_threads[int(fields[0],10)]=fields
def add_one_method(line):
fields = line.split("/t")
all_methods[int(fields[0],16)]=fields
def add_one_record(one):
thread_id,=struct.unpack("B",one[:1])
if (thread_id == target_thread):
tmp,=struct.unpack("L",one[1:5])
method_id= (tmp / 4) * 4;
method_action= tmp % 4;
time_offset,=struct.unpack("L",one[5:])
all_records.append([thread_id, method_id, method_action, time_offset])
def handle_one_call(parent_method_id,method_id):
if not (parent_methods.has_key(parent_method_id)):
parent_methods[parent_method_id]=1
if not (child_methods.has_key(method_id)):
child_methods[method_id]=1
if method_calls.has_key(parent_method_id):
if method_calls[parent_method_id].has_key(method_id):
method_calls[parent_method_id][method_id]+=1
else:
method_calls[parent_method_id][method_id]=1
else:
method_calls[parent_method_id]={}
method_calls[parent_method_id][method_id]=1
def gen_funcname(method_id):
r1=re.compile(r'[/{1}lt;>]')
str1=r1.sub("_",all_methods[method_id][1])
str2=r1.sub("_",all_methods[method_id][2])
return str1+"_"+str2
def gen_dot_script_file():
myoutfile = open("graph.dot", "w")
myoutfile.write("digraph vanzo {/n/n");
for one in all_methods.keys():
if parent_methods.has_key(one):
myoutfile.write(gen_funcname(one)+" [shape=rectangle];/n")
else:
if child_methods.has_key(one):
myoutfile.write(gen_funcname(one)+" [shape=ellipse];/n")
for one in method_calls.keys():
for two in method_calls[one]:
myoutfile.write(gen_funcname(one) + ' -> ' + gen_funcname(two) + ' [label="' + str(method_calls[one][two]) + '" fontsize="10"];/n')
myoutfile.write("/n}/n");
myoutfile.close
################################################################################
########################## Script starts from here #############################
################################################################################
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
print 'No input file specified.'
sys.exit()
if not (os.path.exists(sys.argv[1])):
print "input file not exists"
sys.exit()
#Now handle the text part
current_section=0
for line in open(sys.argv[1]):
line2 = line.strip()
if (line2.startswith("*")):
if (line2.startswith("*version")):
current_section=1
else:
if (line2.startswith("*threads")):
current_section=2
else:
if (line2.startswith("*methods")):
current_section=3
else:
if (line2.startswith("*end")):
current_section=4
break
continue
if current_section==2:
add_one_thread(line2)
if current_section==3:
add_one_method(line2)
#Now handle the binary part
mybinfile = open(sys.argv[1], "rb")
alldata = mybinfile.read()
mybinfile.close()
pos=alldata.find("SLOW")
offset,=struct.unpack("H",alldata[pos+6:pos+8])
pos2=pos+offset #pos2 is where the record begin
numofrecords = len(alldata) - pos2
numofrecords = numofrecords / 9
for i in xrange(numofrecords):
add_one_record(alldata[pos2 + i * 9:pos2 + i * 9 + 9])
my_stack=[0]
for onerecord in all_records:
thread_id=onerecord[0];
method_id=onerecord[1];
action=onerecord[2];
time=onerecord[3];
if(action==0):
if(len(my_stack) > 1):
parent_method_id=my_stack[-1]
handle_one_call(parent_method_id,method_id)
my_stack.append(method_id)
else:
if(action==1):
if(len(my_stack) > 1):
my_stack.pop()
gen_dot_script_file()
os.system("dot -Tjpg graph.dot -o output.jpg;rm -f graph.dot");

#!/usr/bin/env python
"""
turn the traceview data into a jpg pic, showing methods call relationship
"""
import sys
import os
import struct
import re
################################################################################
########################  Global Variable  #####################################
################################################################################
target_thread=1 #the thread that we want to track, filt out other threads
#all_actions = ["enter","exit","exception","reserved"]
all_threads = {}
all_methods = {}
all_records = []
parent_methods = {}
child_methods = {}
method_calls = {}
################################################################################
##############################   Methods   #####################################
################################################################################
def add_one_thread(line):
    fields = line.split("/t")
    all_threads[int(fields[0],10)]=fields
def add_one_method(line):
    fields = line.split("/t")
    all_methods[int(fields[0],16)]=fields
def add_one_record(one):
    thread_id,=struct.unpack("B",one[:1])
    if (thread_id == target_thread):
        tmp,=struct.unpack("L",one[1:5])
        method_id= (tmp / 4) * 4;
        method_action= tmp % 4;
        time_offset,=struct.unpack("L",one[5:])
        all_records.append([thread_id, method_id, method_action, time_offset])
def handle_one_call(parent_method_id,method_id):
    if not (parent_methods.has_key(parent_method_id)):
        parent_methods[parent_method_id]=1
    if not (child_methods.has_key(method_id)):
        child_methods[method_id]=1
    if method_calls.has_key(parent_method_id):
        if method_calls[parent_method_id].has_key(method_id):
            method_calls[parent_method_id][method_id]+=1
        else:
            method_calls[parent_method_id][method_id]=1
    else:
        method_calls[parent_method_id]={}
        method_calls[parent_method_id][method_id]=1
def gen_funcname(method_id):
    r1=re.compile(r'[/{1}lt;>]')
    str1=r1.sub("_",all_methods[method_id][1])
    str2=r1.sub("_",all_methods[method_id][2])
    return str1+"_"+str2
def gen_dot_script_file():
    myoutfile = open("graph.dot", "w")
    myoutfile.write("digraph vanzo {/n/n");
    for one in all_methods.keys():
        if parent_methods.has_key(one):
            myoutfile.write(gen_funcname(one)+"  [shape=rectangle];/n")
        else:
            if child_methods.has_key(one):
                myoutfile.write(gen_funcname(one)+"  [shape=ellipse];/n")
    for one in method_calls.keys():
        for two in method_calls[one]:
                myoutfile.write(gen_funcname(one) + ' -> ' + gen_funcname(two) +  ' [label="' + str(method_calls[one][two]) + '"  fontsize="10"];/n')
    myoutfile.write("/n}/n");
    myoutfile.close
    
################################################################################
########################## Script starts from here #############################
################################################################################
if len(sys.argv) < 2:  
    print 'No input file specified.'  
    sys.exit()
if not (os.path.exists(sys.argv[1])):
    print "input file not exists"
    sys.exit()
#Now handle the text part
current_section=0
for line in open(sys.argv[1]):
    line2 = line.strip()
    if (line2.startswith("*")):
        if (line2.startswith("*version")):
            current_section=1
        else:
            if (line2.startswith("*threads")):
                current_section=2
            else:
                if (line2.startswith("*methods")):
                    current_section=3
                else: 
                    if (line2.startswith("*end")):
                        current_section=4
                        break
        continue
    if current_section==2:
        add_one_thread(line2)
    if current_section==3:
        add_one_method(line2)
    
#Now handle the binary part
mybinfile = open(sys.argv[1], "rb") 
alldata = mybinfile.read()
mybinfile.close()
pos=alldata.find("SLOW")
offset,=struct.unpack("H",alldata[pos+6:pos+8])
pos2=pos+offset #pos2 is where the record begin
numofrecords = len(alldata) - pos2
numofrecords = numofrecords / 9
for i in xrange(numofrecords):
    add_one_record(alldata[pos2 + i * 9:pos2 + i * 9 + 9])
my_stack=[0]
for onerecord in all_records:
    thread_id=onerecord[0];    
    method_id=onerecord[1];
    action=onerecord[2];
    time=onerecord[3];
    if(action==0):
        if(len(my_stack) > 1):
            parent_method_id=my_stack[-1]
            handle_one_call(parent_method_id,method_id)
        my_stack.append(method_id)
    else:
        if(action==1):
            if(len(my_stack) > 1):
                my_stack.pop()
gen_dot_script_file()
os.system("dot -Tjpg graph.dot -o output.jpg;rm -f graph.dot");

修改，/t變爲\t，/n變爲\n。

在計算器的源碼onCreate中添加

[java] view plain copy print ?

Debug.startMethodTracing(“calc”);
Log.v(LOG_TAGS”+++++++++++++++++++++++++test++++++++++++++++”);
Debug.stopMethodTracing()；

Debug.startMethodTracing(“calc”);
Log.v(LOG_TAGS”+++++++++++++++++++++++++test++++++++++++++++”);
Debug.stopMethodTracing()；

運行腳本得到calc.trace ，畫出out.jpg

可當得到的trace文件比較複雜時畫圖就會崩潰。修改腳本最後執行dot命令時的參數，jpg格式太大容易崩潰，-Tjpg改爲-Tpng:gd，畫大幅png。
我拿camera做了個實驗，得到的png甚大，這是其中一角：

Android代碼調試工具 traceview 和 dmtracedump的波折演繹 .

該文轉自 http://blog.csdn.net/yiyaaixuexi/article/details/6716884

✿Android 程序調試工具

✿生成.trace文件

✿traceview

✿dmtracedump

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Android代碼調試工具 traceview 和 dmtracedump的波折演繹 .

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Android代碼調試工具 traceview 和 dmtracedump的波折演繹 .

該文轉自http://blog.csdn.net/yiyaaixuexi/article/details/6716884

✿Android 程序調試工具

✿生成.trace文件

✿traceview

✿dmtracedump

該文轉自 http://blog.csdn.net/yiyaaixuexi/article/details/6716884