C#調用DLL複雜函數結構體

現在公司要做一個使用C#程序調用C++的一個DLL庫，解析文件的功能。所以在網上找了一些資料。

一、結構體傳遞

#define JNAAPI extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) // C方式導出函數
typedef struct
{
int osVersion;
int majorVersion;
int minorVersion;
int buildNum;
int platFormId;
char szVersion[128];
}OSINFO;
// 1. 獲取版本信息(傳遞結構體指針)
JNAAPI bool GetVersionPtr( OSINFO *info );
// 2.獲取版本信息(傳遞結構體引用)
JNAAPI bool GetVersionRef(OSINFO &info);

#define JNAAPI extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) // C方式導出函數

typedef struct    
{  
    int osVersion;  
    int majorVersion;  
    int minorVersion;  
    int buildNum;  
    int platFormId;  
    char szVersion[128];  
}OSINFO;  

// 1. 獲取版本信息(傳遞結構體指針)  
JNAAPI bool GetVersionPtr( OSINFO *info );  
// 2.獲取版本信息(傳遞結構體引用)  
JNAAPI bool GetVersionRef(OSINFO &info);

可以通過二種方式進行調用：

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// OSINFO定義
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct OSINFO
{
public int osVersion;
public int majorVersion;
public int minorVersion;
public int buildNum;
public int platFormId;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 128)]
public string szVersion;
}

// OSINFO定義
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct OSINFO
{
	public int osVersion;
	public int majorVersion;
	public int minorVersion;
	public int buildNum;
	public int platFormId;
	[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 128)]
	public string szVersion;
}

1. 方式一(傳入結構體引用),在C#中,結構體是以傳值方式傳遞,類纔是以傳地址方式傳遞,加關鍵字ref即可. C端傳遞了兩種不同類型的參數,都可以通過引用來解決.

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[DllImport("jnalib.dll", EntryPoint = "GetVersionPtr")]
public static extern bool GetVersionPtr(ref OSINFO info);
public static extern bool GetVersionRef(ref OSINFO info);

[DllImport("jnalib.dll", EntryPoint = "GetVersionPtr")]
public static extern bool GetVersionPtr(ref OSINFO info);
public static extern bool GetVersionRef(ref OSINFO info);

2. 方式二(傳入IntPtr(平臺通用指針))

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IntPtr pv = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(148); //結構體在使用時一定要分配空間(4*sizeof(int)+128)
Marshal.WriteInt32(pv,148); //向內存塊裏寫入數值
if (GetVersionPtr(pv)) //直接以非託管內存塊地址爲參數
{
Console.WriteLine("--osVersion:{0}", Marshal.ReadInt32(pv, 0));
Console.WriteLine("--Major:{0}",Marshal.ReadInt32(pv, 4)); //移動4個字節
Console.WriteLine("--BuildNum: " + Marshal.ReadInt32(pv, 12));
Console.WriteLine("--szVersion: "+Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi((IntPtr)(pv.ToInt32()+20)));
}
Marshal.FreeHGlobal(pv); //處理完記得釋放內存

IntPtr pv = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(148); //結構體在使用時一定要分配空間(4*sizeof(int)+128)
Marshal.WriteInt32(pv,148); //向內存塊裏寫入數值
if (GetVersionPtr(pv)) //直接以非託管內存塊地址爲參數
{
	Console.WriteLine("--osVersion:{0}", Marshal.ReadInt32(pv, 0));
	Console.WriteLine("--Major:{0}",Marshal.ReadInt32(pv, 4)); //移動4個字節
	Console.WriteLine("--BuildNum: " + Marshal.ReadInt32(pv, 12));
	Console.WriteLine("--szVersion: "+Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi((IntPtr)(pv.ToInt32()+20)));
}
Marshal.FreeHGlobal(pv); //處理完記得釋放內存

二.結構體數組的傳遞

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// 傳遞結構體指針
JNAAPI bool GetVersionArray(OSINFO *info,int nLen);

// 傳遞結構體指針
JNAAPI bool GetVersionArray(OSINFO *info,int nLen);

調用：

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/**
* C#接口,對於包含數組類型,只能傳遞IntPtr
*/
[DllImport("jnalib.dll", EntryPoint = "GetVersionArray")]
public static extern bool GetVersionArray(IntPtr p, int nLen);
// 源目標參數
OSINFO[] infos = new OSINFO[2];
for (int i = 0; i < infos.Length; i++)
{
infos[i] = new OSINFO();
}
IntPtr[] ptArr = new IntPtr[1];
ptArr[0] = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(OSINFO)) * 2); //分配包含兩個元素的數組
IntPtr pt = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(OSINFO)));
Marshal.Copy(ptArr, 0, pt, 1); //拷貝指針數組
GetVersionArray(pt, 2); //調用
//還原成結構體數組
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
infos[i]=(OSINFO)Marshal.PtrToStructure((IntPtr)(pt.ToInt32()+i*Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(OSINFO))),typeof(OSINFO));
Console.WriteLine("OsVersion:{0} szVersion:{1}", infos[i].osVersion, infos[i].szVersion);
}

/**
 * C#接口,對於包含數組類型,只能傳遞IntPtr
 */ 
[DllImport("jnalib.dll", EntryPoint = "GetVersionArray")]
public static extern bool GetVersionArray(IntPtr p, int nLen);  

// 源目標參數
OSINFO[] infos = new OSINFO[2];
for (int i = 0; i < infos.Length; i++)
{
	infos[i] = new OSINFO();
}

IntPtr[] ptArr = new IntPtr[1];
ptArr[0] = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(OSINFO)) * 2); //分配包含兩個元素的數組
IntPtr pt = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(OSINFO))); 
Marshal.Copy(ptArr, 0, pt, 1); //拷貝指針數組
GetVersionArray(pt, 2); //調用

//還原成結構體數組
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)  
{
	infos[i]=(OSINFO)Marshal.PtrToStructure((IntPtr)(pt.ToInt32()+i*Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(OSINFO))),typeof(OSINFO));
	Console.WriteLine("OsVersion:{0} szVersion:{1}", infos[i].osVersion, infos[i].szVersion);
}

三. 複雜結構體的傳遞

1. 輸出參數,結構體作爲指針傳出

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typedef struct
{
char name[20];
int age;
double scores[30];
}Student;
// Class中包含結構體數組類型
typedef struct
{
int number;
Student students[50];
}Class;
// 傳入複雜結構體測試
JNAAPI int GetClass(Class *pClass,int len);

typedef struct
{
	char name[20];
	int age;
	double scores[30];
}Student;

// Class中包含結構體數組類型
typedef struct
{
	int number;
	Student students[50];
}Class;

// 傳入複雜結構體測試
JNAAPI int GetClass(Class *pClass,int len);

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// 接口定義
[DllImport("jnalib.dll", EntryPoint = "GetClass")]
public static extern int GetClass(IntPtr pv,int len);
// 結構體定義
// Student
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct Student
{
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr,SizeConst=20)]
public string name;
public int age;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 30)]
public double[] scores;
}
// Class
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct Class
{
public int number;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 50)] // 指定數組尺寸
public Student[] students; // 結構體數組定義
}
// 調用複雜結構體測試
int size = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(Class)) * 50;
IntPtr pBuff = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(size); // 直接分配50個元素的空間,比Marshal.copy方便多了
GetClass(pBuff, 50);
Class[] pClass = new Class[50];
for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++)
{
IntPtr ptr = new IntPtr(pBuff.ToInt64() + Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(Class)) * i);
pClass[i] = (Class)Marshal.PtrToStructure(ptr, typeof(Class));
}
Marshal.FreeHGlobal(pBuff); // 釋放內存

// 接口定義 
[DllImport("jnalib.dll", EntryPoint = "GetClass")]
public static extern int GetClass(IntPtr pv,int len);

// 結構體定義
// Student
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct Student
{
	[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr,SizeConst=20)]
	public string name;
	public int age;
	[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 30)]
	public double[] scores;
}

// Class
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct Class
{
	public int number;
	[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 50)] // 指定數組尺寸 
	public Student[] students; // 結構體數組定義
}

// 調用複雜結構體測試
int size = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(Class)) * 50;
IntPtr pBuff = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(size); // 直接分配50個元素的空間,比Marshal.copy方便多了
GetClass(pBuff, 50);

Class[] pClass = new Class[50];
for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++)
{
	IntPtr ptr = new IntPtr(pBuff.ToInt64() + Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(Class)) * i);
	pClass[i] = (Class)Marshal.PtrToStructure(ptr, typeof(Class));
}
Marshal.FreeHGlobal(pBuff); // 釋放內存

2. 輸入參數, 給複雜結構體賦值後作爲輸入參數傳入

對於比較大的結構體指針,無法直接應用結構體類型,轉化成IntPtr類型, 此時需要將原生類型轉化爲指針,並給指針賦值

調用方法: Marshal.StructureToPtr(stu, ptr1, true)

end...

轉自：http://tcspecial.iteye.com

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