Linux中通過源碼安裝Git（SUSE舉例）

Linux中離線安裝Git，一般都是通過下載離線包進行編譯、安裝，這樣既能保證Git的版本最新，也可以增加更多的文檔格式支持。
但是大家主要遇到的問題就是Git依賴包的問題，根本搞不清依賴關係。根據Git官方文檔推薦的Git Pro這本書提醒，可以實現Git的離線安裝。
這本書有中文版，大家可以在線、下載查看。
Git Pro 第一章第五小節（https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Getting-Started-Installing-Git）寫道：

Installing from Source

Some people may instead find it useful to install Git from source,
because you’ll get the most recent version. The binary installers tend
to be a bit behind, though as Git has matured in recent years, this
has made less of a difference.

If you do want to install Git from source, you need to have the
following libraries that Git depends on: curl, zlib, openssl, expat,
and libiconv. For example, if you’re on a system that has yum (such as
Fedora) or apt-get (such as a Debian based system), you can use one of
these commands to install the minimal dependencies for compiling and
installing the Git binaries:

$ sudo yum install curl-devel expat-devel gettext-devel openssl-devel perl-devel zlib-devel

$ sudo apt-get install libcurl4-gnutls-dev libexpat1-dev gettext libz-dev libssl-dev

In order to be able to add the documentation in various formats (doc,
html, info), these additional dependencies are required (Note: users
of RHEL and RHEL-derivatives like CentOS and Scientific Linux will
have to enable the EPEL repository to download the docbook2X package):

$ sudo yum install asciidoc xmlto docbook2X

$ sudo apt-get install asciidoc xmlto docbook2x

Additionally, if you’re using Fedora/RHEL/RHEL-derivatives, you need
to do this

$ sudo ln -s /usr/bin/db2x_docbook2texi /usr/bin/docbook2x-texi

due to binary name differences.

When you have all the necessary dependencies, you can go ahead and
grab the latest tagged release tarball from several places. You can
get it via the Kernel.org site, at https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git, or the mirror on the GitHub web site, at https://github.com/git/git/releases. It’s generally a little clearer what the latest version is on the GitHub page, but the kernel.org page also has release signatures if you want to verify your download.

Then, compile and install:

tar−zxfgit−2.0.0.tar.gz cd git-2.0.0
makeconfigure ./configure –prefix=/usr
makealldocinfo sudo make install install-doc install-html install-info

After this is done, you can also get Git via Git itself for updates:

$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git

總結其重要的幾步：

1. 確定安裝環境，如Linux、Windows系統類別和系統版本；
2. 確定Git版本，根據不同需要，新特性嘗試、穩定版、企業試用等等，選擇不同Git版本；
3. 根據Git版本選擇相應依賴，並安裝相關依賴；
4. 安裝Git，並配置Git的環境變量