轉一篇幾年前寫的舊文章【http://y-x.iteye.com/admin/blogs/2012810】
Search is a lot about discovery—the basic human need to learn and broaden your horizons. But searching still requires a lot of hard work by you, the user. So today I’m really excited to launch the Knowledge Graph, which will help you discover new information quickly and easily.
搜索更多的和發現相關-學習基本的用戶需求和擴展眼界。但是，搜索仍然要求你來做一些比較困難的工作，所以，現在我非常高興能夠從事知識圖譜，一個可以幫助你快速和簡單發現信息的技術。
Take a query like [taj mahal]. For more than four decades, search has essentially been about matching keywords to queries. To a search engine the words [taj mahal] have been just that—two words.
以query[taj mahal].爲例，在過去的四十年中，搜索的本質是匹配query的關鍵詞，對於搜索引擎，輸入的query[taj mahal].被認爲是兩個單詞。
But we all know that [taj mahal] has a much richer meaning. You might think of one of the world’s most beautiful monuments, or a Grammy Award-winning musician, or possibly even a casino in Atlantic City, NJ. Or, depending on when you last ate, the nearest Indian restaurant. It’s why we’ve been working on an intelligent model—in geek-speak, a “graph”—that understands real-world entities and their relationships to one another: things, not strings.
但是我們都知道[taj mahal]這個query有豐富的含義。你可以認爲它表示世界上最壯美的紀念碑，或者格萊美獎的獲獎音樂家，又或者是新澤西區近大西洋城市的一個俱樂，又或者是離你最近的印第安餐廳。這就是爲什麼我們需要開發一個新的模型，圖譜-可以理解真實世界的實體和實體之間的關聯：實體而不是字符串。
The Knowledge Graph enables you to search for things, people or places that Google knows about—landmarks, celebrities, cities, sports teams, buildings, geographical features, movies, celestial objects, works of art and more—and instantly get information that’s relevant to your query. This is a critical first step towards building the next generation of search, which taps into the collective intelligence（集體智慧） of the web and understands the world a bit more like people do.
知識圖譜可以使你搜索任何谷歌索引的事物、人和地方，比如：標誌性性建築、名人、城市、球隊、建築、地理特徵、電影、神靈和藝術品等，並迅速獲得和檢索query的關聯信息。這是邁向下一代搜索引擎的重要一步，走向互聯網的集體智慧，像人類一樣理解世界。
Google’s Knowledge Graph isn’t just rooted in public sources such as Freebase, Wikipedia and the CIA World Factbook. It’s also augmented at a much larger scale—because we’re focused on comprehensive breadth and depth. It currently contains more than 500 million objects, as well as more than 3.5 billion facts about and relationships between these different objects. And it’s tuned based on what people search for, and what we find out on the web.
谷歌的知識圖譜不只是針對公共的數據資源，比如Freebase、維基百科和CIA世界概況，他面向的是一個大的範圍，因爲我們面對的是理解的廣度和深度。當前谷歌已經收錄了5億多對象實體，350億實體之間的關聯信息。谷歌轉向基於用戶在檢索什麼和用戶在互聯網上獲得了什麼。
The Knowledge Graph enhances Google Search in three main ways to start:
知識圖譜提高了谷歌的檢索，主要通過一下幾個方法：
1. Find the right thing
Language can be ambiguous—do you mean Taj Mahal the monument, or Taj Mahal the musician? Now Google understands the difference, and can narrow your search results just to the one you mean—just click on one of the links to see that particular slice of results:
1.查找正確的事物
語言可以是模糊的，比如，你要檢索的泰姬陵是一個遺蹟還是一個音樂家？現在谷歌可以理解出不同，並且將所有可能的結果歸納分組，你只需要點擊其中一個連接去查看針對特定含義的所有結果。
This is one way the Knowledge Graph makes Google Search more intelligent—your results are more relevant because we understand these entities, and the nuances in their meaning, the way you do.
這是谷歌讓檢索更加智能的一種方法，因爲谷歌像用戶一樣，理解實體和實體含義間的細微差別。
2. Get the best summary
With the Knowledge Graph, Google can better understand your query, so we can summarize relevant content around that topic, including key facts you’re likely to need for that particular thing. For example, if you’re looking for Marie Curie, you’ll see when she was born and died, but you’ll also get details on her education and scientific discoveries:
2.獲得最優的結構化摘要
使用知識圖譜，谷歌可以更好的理解query，所以我們可以概括主題的相關內容，相關的結構化字段描述。例如，如果你檢索居里夫人，你可以看到她的出生和死亡時間，同時，你也可以看到她教育和科學發現的詳細信息。
How do we know which facts are most likely to be needed for each item? For that, we go back to our users and study in aggregate what they’ve been asking Google about each item. For example, people are interested in knowing what books Charles Dickens wrote, whereas they’re less interested in what books Frank Lloyd Wright wrote, and more in what buildings he designed.
我們怎麼得知每個實體需要展現哪些屬性？對此我們迴歸用戶，對用戶在谷歌檢索的實體屬性進行聚合。比如，人們對查爾斯.狄更斯的作品感興趣，但是人們對Frank Lloyd Wright寫的作品不感興趣，但是對他設計的建築感興趣。
The Knowledge Graph also helps us understand the relationships between things. Marie Curie is a person in the Knowledge Graph, and she had two children, one of whom also won a Nobel Prize, as well as a husband, Pierre Curie, who claimed a third Nobel Prize for the family. All of these are linked in our graph. It’s not just a catalog of objects; it also models all these inter-relationships. It’s the intelligence between these different entities that’s the key.
只是圖譜可以幫助我們理解事物之間的關聯。比如Marie Curie是知識圖譜中的一個人，她有兩個孩子，其中一個和他丈夫一樣獲得了諾貝爾獎，成爲家中第三個獲得諾貝爾獎的人。在我們圖譜中這些關係是鏈接在一起的，不只是對象的一個分類，而是這些內部關聯的模型，這些不同實體之間的信息是關鍵。
Go deeper and broader
Finally, the part that’s the most fun of all—the Knowledge Graph can help you make some unexpected discoveries. You might learn a new fact or new connection that prompts a whole new line of inquiry. Do you know where Matt Groening, the creator of the Simpsons (one of my all-time favorite shows), got the idea for Homer, Marge and Lisa’s names? It’s a bit of a surprise:
3.向深度和廣度邁進
最後，這部分是最有趣的，知識圖譜可以帶給你一些意想不到的發現。你可能發現新的事實或者新的關係導致一項新的調研。你知道 Matt Groening的名字是怎麼來的麼，Simpsons 的創造者通過Homer, Marge and Lisa這三個名字得到得靈感，這是一個驚喜吧。
We’ve always believed that the perfect search engine should understand exactly what you mean and give you back exactly what you want. And we can now sometimes help answer your next question before you’ve asked it, because the facts we show are informed by what other people have searched for. For example, the information we show for Tom Cruise answers 37 percent of next queries that people ask about him. In fact, some of the most serendipitous discoveries I’ve made using the Knowledge Graph are through the magical “People also search for” feature. One of my favorite books is The White Tiger, the debut novel by Aravind Adiga, which won the prestigious Man Booker Prize. Using the Knowledge Graph, I discovered three other books that had won the same prize and one that won the Pulitzer. I can tell you, this suggestion was spot on!
我們已經相信優秀的搜索引擎應該能夠準確理解你要表達的含義，並且把你想檢索的準確的返回回來。並且我們可以在你問下一個問題之前回答你想問的問題，因爲我們通過其它用戶的搜索記錄來推理你下一步的檢索。比如，對於湯姆克魯斯的檢索結果中，我們能夠回顧37%的下一個檢索。事實上，很多通過知識圖譜的不可思議的發現是通過“用戶也檢索了”來獲得。我非常喜歡的一本書《White Tiger》，Aravind Adiga的第一部小說，獲得了著名的布克獎。通過知識圖譜，我發現他的其它三本書也獲得了布克獎，還有一本獲得了普利策獎。我可以告訴你，這個推薦被發現了。
We’ve begun to gradually roll out this view of the Knowledge Graph to U.S. English users. It’s also going to be available on smartphones and tablets—read more about how we’ve tailored this to mobile devices. And watch our video (also available on our site about the Knowledge Graph) that gives a deeper dive into the details and technology, in the words of people who’ve worked on this project.
We hope this added intelligence will give you a more complete picture of your interest, provide smarter search results, and pique your curiosity on new topics. We’re proud of our first baby step—the Knowledge Graph—which will enable us to make search more intelligent, moving us closer to the “Star Trek computer（星際迷航計算機）” that I’ve always dreamt of building. Enjoy your lifelong journey of discovery, made easier by Google Search, so you can spend less time searching and more time doing what you love.
我們可以逐步的將知識圖譜的這一觀點發布給英文用戶，並且將適用於智能手機和平板電腦。我們的視頻已經發展到一個更深入的細節和技術。
我們希望添加智能搜索後，可以提供給你一個關於你興趣的較爲完整的圖譜，提供輕量級的搜索結果，同時激發你對新主題的興趣。對於我們邁出的知識圖譜的第一步我們很驕傲，這可以使我們的檢索更加智能，使我們更加靠近 星際迷航計算機。享受你畢生的探索之旅，谷歌搜索引擎將幫助你簡單的開啓探索過程，你可以花費較少的時間來搜索同時使用更多的時間來做你喜歡的事情。
Posted by Amit Singhal, SVP, Engineering
===============================================================
Information from the Knowledge Graph in search results
When you search on Google for a person, place, or thing, you might see a section to the right of your search results that highlights facts, photos, and other snippets of information about your search. Use this section to find quick information and facts about the subject or to start exploring related subjects.
To give it a try, search for your favorite movie, landmark, historical figure, or try one of these: [Eiffel Tower ], [ Wayne’s World ], [ dalmatian ], [ Galileo ]. You can also search by image to see this section of facts and information.
What you’ll see
In the right-hand section, you might find a short description, image, list of facts, location map, and links to similar searches. For question-related searches like [ tallest building in the world ], you can also see the answer right there on the search page.
Here are some of the types of information that you might see:
Descriptions and facts that are publicly available on the Web
Images from the Web that are selected as the highest ranking images about the subject
Related searches to help you explore similar subjects, such as other Paris monuments when you search for the Eiffel Tower
Other information that’s related to the subject, such as a map of a location, upcoming events for an artist or venue, and the latest Google+ posts for some people
For now, this section of information appears only for certain types of searches about a person, place, or thing. For example, while you won’t see it appear for searches on companies, video games, and cars, you can often see it for searches about a book, movie, sports team, location, dog breed, roller coaster, or famous person.
When you search, our system considers the top search results and the content that’s found in each of those webpages. If many of the top results appear to have a specific theme in common, we’ll show a summary of information about that shared subject. In cases such as [ Cinderella ], you might see a few options appear in the summary box to help narrow down your search, such as when you search for the name of a book that’s also a movie.
See these quick facts on on the go too! Information about people, places, or things can also been seen on Google from your tablet and smart phone devices.
Data from the Knowledge Graph
The information shown in this section comes from what we call the Knowledge Graph, a massive collection of information about real-world things and their connections to other things. The graph gathers information about a person, place, or thing from many sources, then refines the resulting information based on the most popular questions people ask about that subject.
Here are just some of the sources for this web of information:
online resources like Wikipedia
subject-specific resources like Weather Underground for weather information and the World Bank for economic statistics
publicly available data from Freebase.com, a free and open database of over 24 million things, including movies, books, TV shows, celebrities, locations, companies, and more
Google search data (used to measure the popularity of a subject and help decide what information people most want to see)
像維基百科的在線資源
特定主題資源，如天氣氣象和世界銀行關於經濟的統計
從Freebase.com獲得的公開可用數據，包含 24 million數據的開發數據，涵蓋電影、書籍、tv影視、名人、地點、公司等
谷歌檢索數據
Provide feedback
The information in these sections is compiled by automated systems, so there’s always a chance that some of the information is incorrect or no longer relevant. If you see any issues, just click the “Report a problem” link at the bottom of the box and identify the piece of content in question.
We’ll incorporate your feedback to help improve the content in the future. In the meantime, know that the information you see changes naturally over time just as search results do.
推薦閱讀：
How Google and Microsoft taught search to “understand” the Web
A Web of Concepts
Active Objects: Actions for Entity-Centric Search
Deeper understanding with Metaweb
The Web Gets Smarter（中文，英文）
Google 發佈知識圖譜功能，搜索結果向百科全書進化