新手必看基礎用法

/*******************************************************************************************
 NSString
 *******************************************************************************************/
//一、NSString   
/*----------------創建字符串的方法----------------*/
 
//1、創建常量字符串。
NSString*astring = @"This is a String!";
 
 
//2、創建空字符串，給予賦值。
 
NSString*astring = [[NSStringalloc] init];
astring = @"This is a String!";
[astring release];
NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
 
 
 
//3、在以上方法中，提升速度:initWithString方法
 
NSString*astring = [[NSStringalloc] initWithString:@"This is a String!"];
NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
[astring release];
 
 
 
//4、用標準c創建字符串:initWithCString方法
 
char*Cstring = "This is a String!";
NSString*astring = [[NSStringalloc] initWithCString:Cstring];
NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
[astring release];
 
 
 
//5、創建格式化字符串:佔位符（由一個%加一個字符組成）
 
inti = 1;
intj = 2;
NSString*astring = [[NSStringalloc] initWithString:[NSStringstringWithFormat:@"%d.This is %i string!",i,j]];
NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
[astring release];
 
 
 
//6、創建臨時字符串
 
NSString*astring;
astring = [NSStringstringWithCString:"This is a temporary string"];
NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
 
 
 
 
/*----------------從文件讀取字符串:initWithContentsOfFile方法----------------*/   
 
NSString*path = @"astring.text";
NSString*astring = [[NSStringalloc] initWithContentsOfFile:path];
NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
[astring release];
 
 
/*----------------寫字符串到文件:writeToFile方法----------------*/   
 
 
NSString*astring = [[NSStringalloc] initWithString:@"This is a String!"];
NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
NSString*path = @"astring.text";   
[astring writeToFile: path atomically: YES];
[astring release];    
 
 
 
 
/*----------------比較兩個字符串----------------*/       
 
//用C比較:strcmp函數
 
charstring1[] = "string!";
charstring2[] = "string!";
if(strcmp(string1, string2) = = 0)
{
    NSLog(@"1");
}
 
 
 
//isEqualToString方法   
NSString*astring01 = @"This is a String!";
NSString*astring02 = @"This is a String!";
BOOLresult = [astring01 isEqualToString:astring02];
NSLog(@"result:%d",result);
 
 
 
 
//compare方法(comparer返回的三種值)   
NSString*astring01 = @"This is a String!";
NSString*astring02 = @"This is a String!";   
BOOLresult = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedSame;   
NSLog(@"result:%d",result);   
//NSOrderedSame判斷兩者內容是否相同
 
 
 
 
NSString*astring01 = @"This is a String!";
NSString*astring02 = @"this is a String!";
BOOLresult = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedAscending;   
NSLog(@"result:%d",result);
//NSOrderedAscending判斷兩對象值的大小(按字母順序進行比較，astring02大於astring01爲真)
 
 
 
NSString*astring01 = @"this is a String!";
NSString*astring02 = @"This is a String!";
BOOLresult = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedDescending;   
NSLog(@"result:%d",result);    
//NSOrderedDescending判斷兩對象值的大小(按字母順序進行比較，astring02小於astring01爲真)
 
 
 
//不考慮大小寫比較字符串1
NSString*astring01 = @"this is a String!";
NSString*astring02 = @"This is a String!";
BOOLresult = [astring01 caseInsensitiveCompare:astring02] = = NSOrderedSame;   
NSLog(@"result:%d",result);    
//NSOrderedDescending判斷兩對象值的大小(按字母順序進行比較，astring02小於astring01爲真)
 
 
 
//不考慮大小寫比較字符串2
NSString*astring01 = @"this is a String!";
NSString*astring02 = @"This is a String!";
BOOLresult = [astring01 compare:astring02
                        options:NSCaseInsensitiveSearch| NSNumericSearch] = = NSOrderedSame;   
NSLog(@"result:%d",result);    
 
//NSCaseInsensitiveSearch:不區分大小寫比較 NSLiteralSearch:進行完全比較，區分大小寫 NSNumericSearch:比較字符串的字符個數，而不是字符值。
 
 
/*----------------改變字符串的大小寫----------------*/   
 
NSString*string1 = @"A String";
NSString*string2 = @"String";
NSLog(@"string1:%@",[string1 uppercaseString]);//大寫
NSLog(@"string2:%@",[string2 lowercaseString]);//小寫
NSLog(@"string2:%@",[string2 capitalizedString]);//首字母大小
 
 
/*----------------在串中搜索子串----------------*/       
 
NSString*string1 = @"This is a string";
NSString*string2 = @"string";
NSRangerange = [string1 rangeOfString:string2];
intlocation = range.location;
intleight = range.length;
NSString*astring = [[NSStringalloc] initWithString:[NSStringstringWithFormat:@"Location:%i,Leight:%i",location,leight]];
NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
[astring release];
 
 
/*----------------抽取子串 ----------------*/       
 
//-substringToIndex: 從字符串的開頭一直截取到指定的位置，但不包括該位置的字符
NSString*string1 = @"This is a string";
NSString*string2 = [string1 substringToIndex:3];
NSLog(@"string2:%@",string2);
 
 
 
 
//-substringFromIndex: 以指定位置開始（包括指定位置的字符），幷包括之後的全部字符
NSString*string1 = @"This is a string";
NSString*string2 = [string1 substringFromIndex:3];
NSLog(@"string2:%@",string2);
 
 
 
 
//-substringWithRange: //按照所給出的位置，長度，任意地從字符串中截取子串
NSString*string1 = @"This is a string";
NSString*string2 = [string1 substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(0, 4)];
NSLog(@"string2:%@",string2);
 
 
//擴展路徑
 
NSString*Path = @"~/NSData.txt";
NSString*absolutePath = [Path stringByExpandingTildeInPath];
NSLog(@"absolutePath:%@",absolutePath);
NSLog(@"Path:%@",[absolutePath stringByAbbreviatingWithTildeInPath]);
 
 
 
//文件擴展名
NSString*Path = @"~/NSData.txt";
NSLog(@"Extension:%@",[Path pathExtension]);
 
 
 
 
/*******************************************************************************************
 NSMutableString
 *******************************************************************************************/   
 
/*---------------給字符串分配容量----------------*/
//stringWithCapacity:
NSMutableString*String;
String = [NSMutableStringstringWithCapacity:40];
 
 
/*---------------在已有字符串後面添加字符----------------*/   
 
//appendString: and appendFormat:
 
NSMutableString*String1 = [[NSMutableStringalloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];
//[String1 appendString:@", I will be adding some character"];
[String1 appendFormat:[NSStringstringWithFormat:@", I will be adding some character"]];
NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);
*/
 
 
/*--------在已有字符串中按照所給出範圍和長度刪除字符------*/   
/*
 //deleteCharactersInRange:
 NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];
 [String1 deleteCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(0, 5)];
 NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);
  
  
  
 /*--------在已有字符串後面在所指定的位置中插入給出的字符串------*/
 
//-insertString: atIndex:
NSMutableString*String1 = [[NSMutableStringalloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];
[String1 insertString:@"Hi! " atIndex:0];
NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);
 
 
 
/*--------將已有的空符串換成其它的字符串------*/
 
//-setString:
NSMutableString*String1 = [[NSMutableStringalloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];
[String1 setString:@"Hello Word!"];
NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);
 
 
 
/*--------按照所給出的範圍，和字符串替換的原有的字符------*/
 
//-setString:
NSMutableString*String1 = [[NSMutableStringalloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];
[String1 replaceCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(0, 4) withString:@"That"];
NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);
 
 
 
/*-------------判斷字符串內是否還包含別的字符串(前綴，後綴)-------------*/
//01：檢查字符串是否以另一個字符串開頭- (BOOL) hasPrefix: (NSString *) aString;
NSString*String1 = @"NSStringInformation.txt";
[String1 hasPrefix:@"NSString"] = = 1 ?  NSLog(@"YES") : NSLog(@"NO");
[String1 hasSuffix:@".txt"] = = 1 ?  NSLog(@"YES") : NSLog(@"NO");
 
//02：查找字符串某處是否包含其它字符串 - (NSRange) rangeOfString: (NSString *) aString，這一點前面在串中搜索子串用到過;
 
 
 
/*******************************************************************************************
 NSArray
 *******************************************************************************************/
 
/*---------------------------創建數組------------------------------*/
//NSArray *array = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:
@"One",@"Two",@"Three",@"Four",nil];
 
self.dataArray = array;
[array release];
 
//- (unsigned) Count;數組所包含對象個數；
NSLog(@"self.dataArray cound:%d",[self.dataArray count]);
 
//- (id) objectAtIndex: (unsigned int) index;獲取指定索引處的對象;
NSLog(@"self.dataArray cound 2:%@",[self.dataArray objectAtIndex:2]);
 
 
/*--------------------------從一個數組拷貝數據到另一數組(可變數級)----------------------------*/   
 
//arrayWithArray:
//NSArray *array1 = [[NSArray alloc] init];
NSMutableArray*MutableArray = [[NSMutableArrayalloc] init];
NSArray*array = [NSArrayarrayWithObjects:
                  @"a",@"b",@"c",nil];
NSLog(@"array:%@",array);
MutableArray = [NSMutableArrayarrayWithArray:array];
NSLog(@"MutableArray:%@",MutableArray);
 
array1 = [NSArrayarrayWithArray:array];
NSLog(@"array1:%@",array1);
 
 
//Copy
 
//id obj;
NSMutableArray*newArray = [[NSMutableArrayalloc] init];
NSArray*oldArray = [NSArrayarrayWithObjects:
                     @"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];
 
NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);
for(inti = 0; i < [oldArray count]; i++)
{       
    obj = [[oldArray objectAtIndex:i] copy];
    [newArray addObject: obj];
}
//    
NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
[newArray release];
 
 
//快速枚舉
 
//NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSArray*oldArray = [NSArrayarrayWithObjects:
                     @"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];   
NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);
 
for(idobj in oldArray)
{
    [newArray addObject: obj];
}
//    
NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
[newArray release];    
 
 
//Deep copy
 
//NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSArray*oldArray = [NSArrayarrayWithObjects:
                     @"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];   
NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);   
newArray = (NSMutableArray*)CFPropertyListCreateDeepCopy(kCFAllocatorDefault, (CFPropertyListRef)oldArray, kCFPropertyListMutableContainers);
NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
[newArray release];    
 
 
//Copy and sort
 
//NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSArray*oldArray = [NSArrayarrayWithObjects:
                     @"b",@"a",@"e",@"d",@"c",@"f",@"h",@"g",nil];   
NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);
NSEnumerator*enumerator;
enumerator = [oldArray objectEnumerator];
idobj;
while(obj = [enumerator nextObject])
{
    [newArray addObject: obj];
}
[newArray sortUsingSelector:@selector(compare:)];
NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
[newArray release];
 
 
 
/*---------------------------切分數組------------------------------*/
 
//從字符串分割到數組－ componentsSeparatedByString:
NSString*string = [[NSStringalloc] initWithString:@"One,Two,Three,Four"];
NSLog(@"string:%@",string);   
NSArray*array = [string componentsSeparatedByString:@","];
NSLog(@"array:%@",array);
[string release];
 
 
//從數組合並元素到字符串- componentsJoinedByString:
NSArray*array = [[NSArrayalloc] initWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",@"Four",nil];
NSString*string = [array componentsJoinedByString:@","];
NSLog(@"string:%@",string);
 
 
 
/*******************************************************************************************
 NSMutableArray
 *******************************************************************************************/
/*---------------給數組分配容量----------------*/
//NSArray *array;
array = [NSMutableArrayarrayWithCapacity:20];
 
 
 
/*--------------在數組末尾添加對象----------------*/
//- (void) addObject: (id) anObject;
//NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:
@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
[array addObject:@"Four"];
NSLog(@"array:%@",array);
 
 
 
/*--------------刪除數組中指定索引處對象----------------*/   
//-(void) removeObjectAtIndex: (unsigned) index;    
//NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:
@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
[array removeObjectAtIndex:1];
NSLog(@"array:%@",array);
 
 
 
/*-------------數組枚舉---------------*/   
//- (NSEnumerator *)objectEnumerator;從前向後
//NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:
@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
NSEnumerator*enumerator;
enumerator = [array objectEnumerator];
 
idthingie;
while (thingie = [enumerator nextObject]) {
    NSLog(@"thingie:%@",thingie);
}
 
 
//- (NSEnumerator *)reverseObjectEnumerator;從後向前
//NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:
@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
NSEnumerator*enumerator;
enumerator = [array reverseObjectEnumerator];
 
idobject;
while (object = [enumerator nextObject]) {
    NSLog(@"object:%@",object);
}
 
 
//快速枚舉
//NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:
@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
for(NSString*string in array)
{
    NSLog(@"string:%@",string);
}
 
 
 
/*******************************************************************************************
 NSDictionary
 *******************************************************************************************/
 
/*------------------------------------創建字典------------------------------------*/
//- (id) initWithObjectsAndKeys;
 
//NSDictionary *dictionary = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjectsAndKeys:@"One",@"1",@"Two",@"2",@"Three",@"3",nil];
NSString*string = [dictionary objectForKey:@"One"];
NSLog(@"string:%@",string);
NSLog(@"dictionary:%@",dictionary);
[dictionary release];
 
 
/*******************************************************************************************
 NSMutableDictionary
 *******************************************************************************************/
 
/*------------------------------------創建可變字典------------------------------------*/   
//創建
NSMutableDictionary*dictionary = [NSMutableDictionarydictionary];
 
//添加字典
[dictionary setObject:@"One"forKey:@"1"];
[dictionary setObject:@"Two"forKey:@"2"];
[dictionary setObject:@"Three"forKey:@"3"];
[dictionary setObject:@"Four"forKey:@"4"];
NSLog(@"dictionary:%@",dictionary);
 
//刪除指定的字典
[dictionary removeObjectForKey:@"3"];
NSLog(@"dictionary:%@",dictionary);
 
 
/*******************************************************************************************
 NSValue（對任何對象進行包裝）
 *******************************************************************************************/
 
/*--------------------------------將NSRect放入NSArray中------------------------------------*/   
//將NSRect放入NSArray中
NSMutableArray*array = [[NSMutableArrayalloc] init];
NSValue*value;
CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 480);    
value = [NSValuevalueWithBytes:&rect objCType:@encode(CGRect)];
[array addObject:value];
NSLog(@"array:%@",array);
 
//從Array中提取
value = [array objectAtIndex:0];
[value getValue:&rect];
NSLog(@"value:%@",value);
 
 
/*******************************************************************************************
 從目錄搜索擴展名爲jpg的文件
 *******************************************************************************************/
 
//NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
NSString*home;
home = @"../Users/";
 
NSDirectoryEnumerator*direnum;
direnum = [fileManager enumeratorAtPath: home];
 
NSMutableArray*files = [[NSMutableArrayalloc] init];
 
//枚舉
NSString*filename;
while (filename = [direnum nextObject]) {
    if([[filename pathExtension] hasSuffix:@"jpg"]){
        [files addObject:filename];
    }
}
 
//快速枚舉
//for(NSString *filename in direnum)
//{
//    if([[filename pathExtension] isEqualToString:@"jpg"]){
//        [files addObject:filename];
//    }
//}
NSLog(@"files:%@",files);
 
//枚舉
NSEnumerator*filenum;
filenum = [files objectEnumerator];
while (filename = [filenum nextObject]) {
    NSLog(@"filename:%@",filename);
}
 
//快速枚舉
//for(id object in files)
//{
//    NSLog(@"object:%@",object);
//}