Lab1:HSRP的配置:
一:實驗拓撲:
二:實驗要求:
Down掉R1和R3中的任何一臺路由器主機都能上網。
三:實驗配置:
1:基本接口的配置:(見圖)
2:路由的配置:
R1:
router rip
ver 2
net 192.168.1.0
net 12.0.0.0
no auto-summary
exit
R2:
router rip
ver 2
net 2.2.2.0
net 12.0.0.0
net 23.0.0.0
no auto-summary
exit
R3
router rip
ver 2
net 23.0.0.0
net 192.168.1.0
no auto-summary
exit
3:HSRP的配置:
R1:
int f0/0
standby 10 ip 192.168.1.254
standby 10 priority 120
standby 10 preempt
standby track f1/0 50
exit
R3:
int f1/0
standby 10 ip 192.168.1.254
standby 10 preempt
exit
4：測試:
在R4模擬的PC1和R5模擬的PC2上將網關改爲192.168.1.254.
在PC上擴展1W次的ping,然後頻繁的down和up活躍路由器的接口,查看通信狀態。
R5#ping
Protocol [ip]:
Target IP address: 2.2.2.2
Repeat count [5]: 10000
Datagram size [100]:
Timeout in seconds [2]:
Extended commands [n]:
Sweep range of sizes [n]:
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 10000, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2.2.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!...
.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.
5：相關調試命令:
R1#sho standby
FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10
State is Active
10 state changes, last state change 00:03:52
Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.253
Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a
Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a (v1 default)
Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec
Next hello sent in 1.768 secs
Preemption enabled
Active router is local
Standby router is 192.168.1.2, priority 100 (expires in 9.940 sec)
Priority 120 (configured 120)
Track interface FastEthernet1/0 state Up decrement 50
IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Fa0/0-10" (default)
R1#sho standby brief
P indicates configured to preempt.
|
Interface Grp Prio P State Active Standby Virtual IP
Fa0/0 10 120 P Active local 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.253
Lab2:VRRP的配置:
1:拓撲,基本接口,和路由的配置保持不變。將HSRP的配置刪掉,改爲VRRP.在R1 f0/0和R3 f1/0接口模式下no standby 10將HSRP的配置刪掉。
R1(config)#int f0/0
R2(config-if)#no standby 10
R3(config)#int f1/0
R3(config-if)#no standby 10
改爲VRRP
R1(config)#track 100 interface f1/0 line-protocol
R1(config)#int f0/0
R1(config-if)#vrrp 10 ip 192.168.1.254
R1(config-if)#vrrp 10 priority 120
R1(config-if)#vrrp 10 preempt
R1(config-if)#vrrp 10 track 100 decrement 50
R3(config)#int f1/0
R3(config-if)#vrrp 10 ip 192.168.1.254
R3(config-if)#vrrp 10 preempt
2:測試VRRP(跟HSRP一樣測試)
3:調試VRRP.
R1#sho vrrp
FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10
State is Master
Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.254
Virtual MAC address is 0000.5e00.010a
Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
Preemption enabled
Priority is 120
Track object 100 state Up decrement 50
Master Router is 192.168.1.1 (local), priority is 120
Master Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
Master Down interval is 3.531 sec
R1#sho vrrp brief
Interface Grp Pri Time Own Pre State Master addr Group addr
Fa0/0 10 120 3531 Y Master 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.2
Lab3:GLBP的配置:
1:拓撲,基本接口,和路由的配置保持不變。將VRRP的配置刪掉,改爲GLBP.
在R1 f0/0和R3 f1/0接口模式下no standby 10將HSRP的配置刪掉。
R1(config)#int f0/0
R1(config-if)#no vrrp 10
R3(config)#int f1/0
R3(config-if)#no vrrp 10
改爲GLBP
R1(config)#track 100 interface FastEthernet1/0 line-protocol
R1(config)#int f0/0
R1(config-if)#glbp 10 ip 192.168.1.252
R1(config-if)#glbp 10 priority 120
R1(config-if)#glbp 10 preempt
R1(config-if)#glbp 10 weighting track 100 decrement 50
R3(config)#int f1/0
R3(config-if)#glbp 10 ip 192.168.1.252
R3(config-if)#glbp 10 preempt
2:測試GLBP(跟HSRP一樣測試)
R4(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.252
3:調試GLBP.
R1#sho glbp
FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10
State is Active
4 state changes, last state change 00:00:46
Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.252
Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec
Next hello sent in 1.816 secs
Redirect time 600 sec, forwarder time-out 14400 sec
Preemption enabled, min delay 0 sec
Active is local
Standby is 192.168.1.2, priority 100 (expires in 9.896 sec)
Priority 120 (configured)
Weighting 100 (default 100), thresholds: lower 1, upper 100
Track object 100 state Up decrement 50
Load balancing: round-robin
Group members:
cc00.0a50.0000 (192.168.1.1) local
cc00.0dfc.0010 (192.168.1.2)
There are 2 forwarders (1 active)
Forwarder 1
State is Active
3 state changes, last state change 00:00:18
MAC address is 0007.b400.0a01 (default)
Owner ID is cc00.0a50.0000
Redirection enabled
Preemption enabled, min delay 30 sec
Active is local, weighting 100
Arp replies sent: 1
Forwarder 2
State is Listen
MAC address is 0007.b400.0a02 (learnt)
Owner ID is cc00.0dfc.0010
Redirection enabled, 599.304 sec remaining (maximum 600 sec)
Time to live: 14399.304 sec (maximum 14400 sec)
Preemption enabled, min delay 30 sec
Active is 192.168.1.2 (primary), weighting 100 (expires in 9.304 sec)
R1#sho glbp brief
Interface Grp Fwd Pri State Address Active router Standby router
Fa0/0 10 - 120 Active 192.168.1.252 local 192.168.1.2
Fa0/0 10 1 - Active 0007.b400.0a01 local -
Fa0/0 10 2 - Listen 0007.b400.0a02 192.168.1.2 -
四:總結:HSRP,VRRP,GLBP都只能實現網關的冗餘，也就是說下一跳冗餘,沒有其它作用。目的相同,但實現原理稍有區別:
|
|
HSRP |
VRRP |
GLBP |
|
工作原理 |
虛擬接口地址不能是物理接口地址 |
虛擬接口地址可以是物理接口地址 |
不能爲物理接口地址 |
|
虛擬mac |
0000.0c07.acxx 1個組號 |
0000.5e00.01xx 1個組號 |
根據組成員數有多少個mac,最多4個組成員4個mac |
|
發送目標地址 |
UDP端口:1985 目標IP:224.0.0.2 |
IP協議號:112 目標IP:224.0.0.18 |
目標:224.0.0.102 |
|
計時器 |
Hello:3s Holdtime:10s |
Hello:1s Holdtime:3s |
Hello:3s Holdtime:10s |
|
路由器角色 |
Active,standby 其它listen |
Master,backup-listen |
AVG active,standby AVG-所有路由器 |
|
搶佔功能 |
默認關閉 |
默認開啓 |
默認關閉 |
|
鏈路追蹤 |
可直接追蹤接口 |
只支持track object |
只支持track object |
|
負載均衡 |
可實現,但需多組 |
可實現,但需多組 |
1組就可實現,默認組中所有路由器負載均衡 |
|
負載均衡算法 |
|
|
輪詢,加權輪詢,基於主機的負載均衡 |
|
協議特性 |
Cisco私有 |
公有 |
Cisco私有 |