最近今日癡迷於nginx的高併發，看了很多博文來實現單純的web容器的高併發以及作爲代理的高併發性調優。爲了測試學習，自己搭建了四臺centos虛擬機。
IP：
1，192.168.2.210
2，192.168.2.220
3，192.168.2.230
4，192.168.2.240
首先，我單純的用nginx作爲web容器處理靜態頁面。看了大量別人的調優經驗有Linux內核參數設置的，有nginx參數設置的，有php-fpm設置的，有修改nginx源碼重新編譯的。
第一，nginx參數設置
user www www; #worker進程的用戶
worker_processes 8; #一般和CPU核數一致
worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000 00010000 00100000
01000000;
#error_log /www/log/nginx_error.log crit; #爲了得到更好的IO我是關閉日誌的
pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 204800;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 204800;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
charset utf-8;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 2k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 4k;
client_max_body_size 8m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
fastcgi_cache_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_cache levels=1:2
keys_zone=TEST:10m
inactive=5m;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 4k;
fastcgi_buffers 8 4k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 8k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 8k;
fastcgi_cache TEST;
fastcgi_cache_valid 200 302 1h;
fastcgi_cache_valid 301 1d;
fastcgi_cache_valid any 1m;
fastcgi_cache_min_uses 1;
fastcgi_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header http_500;
open_file_cache max=204800 inactive=20s;
open_file_cache_min_uses 1;
open_file_cache_valid 30s;
tcp_nodelay on;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
server
{
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
index index.php index.htm;
root /www/html/;
location /status
{
stub_status on;
}
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
{
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|js|css)$
{
expires 30d;
}
log_format access '$remote_addr -- $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
#access_log /www/log/access.log access;
}
}在訪問靜態資源的時候，在worker_proccess和worker_connections設置正確的前提下，對性能提升最大的就是
open_file_cache max=204800 inactive=20s; open_file_cache_min_uses 1; open_file_cache_valid 30s;
這幾條，緩存文件資源。我用ab測試性能爆炸式增長，原先發送1000個請求併發1000要10秒，加上後立馬變0.4了。吞吐率從幾十K變成了1M，我是虛擬機單核1G的配置哦。。。
那麼訪問PHP文件呢？
fastcgi_cache_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=TEST:10m inactive=5m; fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; fastcgi_send_timeout 300; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; fastcgi_buffer_size 4k; fastcgi_buffers 8 4k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 8k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 8k; fastcgi_cache TEST; fastcgi_cache_valid 200 302 1h; fastcgi_cache_valid 301 1d; fastcgi_cache_valid any 1m; fastcgi_cache_min_uses 1; fastcgi_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header http_500;
可以顯著提高效率
還有Linux內核參數調節，主要是網絡相關的
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000 net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 4194304 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 16384 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144 net.core.somaxconn = 262144 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144 net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000 net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 30 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
感覺這部分作用最小，幾乎沒有任何性能貢獻，可能是我不理解這樣設置的意義與自己的環境不匹配的原因吧。
總結：
提高nginx效率最有效的方法是開啓各種緩存！！！！！！！！