cobber

Cobbler應用

Cobbler簡介：

Cobbler是一個快速網絡安裝linux的服務，而且在經過調整也可以支持網絡安裝windows。該工具使用python開發，小巧輕便（才15k行代碼），使用簡單的命令即可完成PXE網絡安裝環境的配置，同時還可以管理DHCP，DNS，以及yum包鏡像。

實驗：安裝Cobbler，能夠自動安裝系統。

1，  安裝Cobbler，（在安裝cobbler之前 還需要安裝應用）

#yum install cobbler-web pykickstart debmirror

#yum install cobbler

2，  啓動服務

# service httpd start

#service cobblerd start

LISTEN    0      5                              127.0.0.1:25151                                 *:*

3，  進行檢查

Cobbler check

1 : The'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other thanlocalhost, or kickstarting features will not work.  This should be a resolvable hostname or IPfor the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.

2 : ForPXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must beset to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the bootserver on the PXE network.

3 : somenetwork boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handlex86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent*version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this messageentirely.  Files in this directory,should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0,menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is theeasiest way to resolve these requirements.

4 :change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync

5 :debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debiandeployments and repositories

6 :ksvalidator was not found, install pykickstart

7 : Thedefault password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines(default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler'and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here''your-password-here'" to generate new one

8 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to usethe (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to usethem

如上各問題的解決方法如下所示：

（1）、修改/etc/cobbler/settings文件中的server參數的值爲提供cobbler服務的主機相應的IP地址或主機名，如172.16.100.15；

（2）、修改/etc/cobbler/settings文件中的next_server參數的值爲提供PXE服務的主機相應的IP地址，如172.16.100.16；

（3）、如果當前節點可以訪問互聯網，執行“cobbler get-loaders”命令即可；否則，需要安裝syslinux程序包，而後複製/usr/share/syslinux/{pxelinux.0,memu.c32}等文件至/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/目錄中；

（4）、執行“chkconfigrsync on”命令即可；

（5）、註釋/etc/debmirror.conf文件中的“@dists="sid";”一行；

（6）、註釋/etc/debmirror.conf文件中的“@arches="i386";”一行；

（7）、執行“opensslpasswd -1 -salt $(openssl rand -hex 4)”生成密碼，並用其替換/etc/cobbler/settings文件中default_password_crypted參數的值；

（8）、執行“yum install cman fence-agents”命令安裝相應的程序包即可；

 

 

4，# openssl passwd -1-salt `openssl rand -hex 4`

Password:（caoshujia）

$1$001ebc8f$VxYLBp0cdy/7TaGodSaxV0

 

default_password_crypted:"$1$mF86/UHC$WvcIcX2t6crBz2onWxyac."

然後把上面得出的替換掉現有的

default_password_crypted: "$1$001ebc8f$VxYLBp0cdy/7TaGodSaxV0"

然後保存退出

 

5，重啓cobbler

#service cobblerd restart

 

6，拷貝文件

  #cd /usr/share/syslinux/

  #cp-r ./* /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/

 

7，安裝dhcp服務，編輯配置文件，啓動服務

   #yuminstall dhcp –y

   #cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

  #vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

   optiondomain-name "mageedu.com"; 修改域名，根據實際情況而定

option domain-name-servers 172.16.0.1;

 

subnet 172.16.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 {

  range 172.16.31.101172.16.31.201;

  option routers 172.16.31.10;

}

 

next-server 172.16.31.10;

filename="pxelinux.0";

 

# service dhcpd start

UNCONN     0      0  *:67                                    *:*

8，啓動tftp服務

   #chkconfig tftp on

   #service xinetd start

   #ss –tunl

udp   UNCONN     0      0       *:69                                 *:*

 

9，使用distro

                                

 

然後掛載

# mount /dev/cdrom  /mnt –r

# ls /mnt

CentOS_BuildTag  images                    repodata                      RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-6

EFI              isolinux                  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6           TRANS.TBL

EULA             Packages                  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-6

GPL              RELEASE-NOTES-en-US.html  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-6

 

然後用cobbler import 導入

# cobbler import --path=/mnt--name=centos-6.5-x86_64

（開始導入，建議找一個小一點的導入，這一步很慢，請耐心等待）

# cobbler distro list

  centos-6.5-x86_64   （表示已經完成系統導入）

然後cd /tmp  

#wget http://172.16.0.1/centos6.x86_64.cfg（下載cfg文件，這個是系統配置信息）

# cobbler profile add--name=centos-6.5-x86_64-basic --distro=centos-6.5-x86_64 --kickstart=/tmp/centos6.x86_64.cfg（檢測文件是否有語法錯誤）

 

# cobbler profile list

  centos-6.5-x86_64

  centos-6.5-x86_64-basic

在修改# cd /tmp/ centos6.x86_64.cfg文件

url --url=http://172.16.31.10/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-6.5-x86_64/ 修改爲提供服務的地址

 

# cobbler profile edit--name=centos-6.5-x86_64-basic --distro=centos-6.5-x86_64--kickstart=/tmp/centos6.x86_64.cfg

 

# cobbler sync