https://community.oracle.com/docs/DOC-1007327
本文主要包括以下內容：
1. 配置dg broker，需要完成以下幾個工作：
- 在主備庫配置靜態監聽註冊，註冊的服務名爲db_unique_name_DGMGRL；
- 在主備庫修改tnsnames.ora文件，配置別名；
- 主備庫都開啓dg_broker_start參數；
- 在主庫註冊broker；
- 在主庫添加備庫的broker並開啓。
2. Data Guard switchover；
3. Data Guard failover；
4. Snapshot Standby。
環境：
主庫：ora12c 數據庫：db12g db_unique_name：db12g
備庫：ora12c-dg 數據庫：db12g db_unique_name：db12g_s
配置dg broker：
1. 主庫配置靜態監聽：
[oracle@ora12c admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora12c)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = db12g_dgmgrl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = db12g)
)
)
重新加載監聽：
[oracle@ora12c admin]$ lsnrctl reload LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 23-MAY-2017 19:42:33 Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ora12c)(PORT=1521))) The command completed successfully
查看監聽
[oracle@ora12c admin]$ lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 23-MAY-2017 20:27:43 Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ora12c)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production Start Date 23-MAY-2017 10:12:47 Uptime 0 days 10 hr. 14 min. 56 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/ora12c/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ora12c)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=ora12c)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/u01/app/oracle/admin/db12g/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW)) Services Summary... Service "4d852a2714024610e0537838a8c07c53" has 1 instance(s). Instance "db12g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "db12g" has 1 instance(s). Instance "db12g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "db12gXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "db12g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "db12g_CFG" has 1 instance(s). Instance "db12g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "db12g_DGB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "db12g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "db12g_dgmgrl" has 1 instance(s). Instance "db12g", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "pdb01" has 1 instance(s). Instance "db12g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully
2. 配置備庫靜態：
[oracle@ora12c-dg admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora12c-dg)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = db12g_s_dgmgrl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = db12g)
)
)
重建加載，與主庫相同
3. 配置主庫tnsnames.ora：
[oracle@ora12c admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER_DB12G =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora12c)(PORT = 1521))
DB12G =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora12c)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = db12g)
)
)
DB12G_S =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora12c-dg)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = db12g)
)
)
4. 備庫配置tnsnames.ora：
[oracle@ora12c-dg admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER_DB12G =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora12c-dg)(PORT = 1521))
DB12G =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora12c)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = db12g)
)
)
DB12G_S =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora12c-dg)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = db12g)
)
)
5. 在主備庫同時開啓dg_broker_start參數：
[oracle@ora12c admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue May 23 15:35:20 2017 Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production SQL> alter system set dg_broker_start=true scope=both; System altered.
6. 在主節點，創建配置及註冊broker：
[oracle@ora12c admin]$ dgmgrl sys/oracle@db12g DGMGRL for Linux: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue May 23 15:37:02 2017 Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Welcome to DGMGRL, type "help" for information. Connected to "db12g" Connected as SYSDBA. DGMGRL> create configuration my_dg_config as primary database is db12g connect identifier is db12g; Configuration "my_dg_config" created with primary database "db12g" DGMGRL>
7. 在配置中添加備庫：
DGMGRL> add database db12g_s as connect identifier is db12g_s maintained as physical; Database "db12g_s" added DGMGRL>
8. enable 配置：
DGMGRL> enable configuration Enabled. DGMGRL>
9. 通過broker查看配置情況及數據庫情況：
DGMGRL> show configuration
Configuration - my_dg_config
Protection Mode: MaxPerformance
Members:
db12g - Primary database
db12g_s - Physical standby database
Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED
Configuration Status:
SUCCESS (status updated 34 seconds ago)
DGMGRL> SHOW DATABASE db12g;
Database - db12g
Role: PRIMARY
Intended State: TRANSPORT-ON
Instance(s):
cdb1
Database Status:
SUCCESS
DGMGRL> SHOW DATABASE db12g_s;
Database - db12g_s
Role: PHYSICAL STANDBY
Intended State: APPLY-ON
Transport Lag: 0 seconds (computed 1 second ago)
Apply Lag: 0 seconds (computed 1 second ago)
Average Apply Rate: 11.00 KByte/s
Real Time Query: OFF
Instance(s):
db12g
Database Status:
SUCCESS
10. switchover演練，這裏的切換無數據丟失，連接到主庫，切換到備庫：
[oracle@ora12c admin]$ dgmgrl sys/oracle@db12g DGMGRL for Linux: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue May 23 16:47:58 2017 Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Welcome to DGMGRL, type "help" for information. Connected to "db12g" Connected as SYSDBA. DGMGRL> switchover to db12g_s Performing switchover NOW, please wait... Operation requires a connection to database "db12g_s" Connecting ... Connected to "db12g_s" Connected as SYSDBA. New primary database "db12g_s" is opening... Operation requires start up of instance "db12g" on database "db12g" Starting instance "db12g"... ORACLE instance started. Database mounted. Database opened. Connected to "db12g" Switchover succeeded, new primary is "db12g_s" SQL> select database_role from v$database; DATABASE_ROLE ---------------- PHYSICAL STANDBY SQL> select process,status,sequence# from v$managed_standby; PROCESS STATUS SEQUENCE# --------- ------------ ---------- ARCH CONNECTED 0 ARCH CONNECTED 0 ARCH CLOSING 1 ARCH CLOSING 2 ARCH CONNECTED 0 ARCH CONNECTED 0 ARCH CONNECTED 0 ARCH CONNECTED 0 DGRD ALLOCATED 0 DGRD ALLOCATED 0 RFS IDLE 0 PROCESS STATUS SEQUENCE# --------- ------------ ---------- MRP0 APPLYING_LOG 3 RFS IDLE 0 RFS IDLE 3 14 rows selected.
11. failover演練，如果主庫發生故障，無法連接到主庫，可以用下面命令進行切換。連接到備庫，並切換到備庫：
[oracle@ora12c admin]$ dgmgrl sys/oracle@db12g_s DGMGRL for Linux: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue May 23 17:48:32 2017 Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Welcome to DGMGRL, type "help" for information. Connected to "db12g_s" Connected as SYSDBA. DGMGRL> failover to db12g_s Performing failover NOW, please wait... Failover succeeded, new primary is "db12g_s" DGMGRL>
12. 當源主庫開啓了閃回功能，這時將源主庫修復之後，可以不用重新搭建DG，而是用一命令，可將源主庫變爲備庫。但是如果源主庫未開啓閃回，將需要重建：
DGMGRL> reinstate database db12g Reinstating database "db12g", please wait... Operation requires shut down of instance "db12g" on database "db12g" Shutting down instance "db12g"... Connected to "db12g" ORACLE instance shut down. Operation requires start up of instance "db12g" on database "db12g" Starting instance "db12g"... ORACLE instance started. Database mounted. Connected to "db12g" Continuing to reinstate database "db12g" ... Reinstatement of database "db12g" succeeded DGMGRL>
13. 開啓快照備庫，這是11g的新功能，開啓之後備庫可以進行讀寫，但是當重新更改會備庫的模式之後，所有的更改都是丟失，備庫將繼續同步主庫的數據：
[oracle@ora12c admin]$ dgmgrl sys/oracle@db12g DGMGRL for Linux: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue May 23 17:44:43 2017 Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Welcome to DGMGRL, type "help" for information. Connected to "db12g" Connected as SYSDBA. DGMGRL> CONVERT DATABASE db12g_s TO SNAPSHOT STANDBY; Converting database "db12g_s" to a Snapshot Standby database, please wait... Database "db12g_s" converted successfully DGMGRL>
14. 當結束快照數據之後，可以將其切換到物理備庫：
[oracle@ora12c admin]$ dgmgrl sys/oracle@db12g DGMGRL for Linux: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue May 23 17:45:55 2017 Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Welcome to DGMGRL, type "help" for information. Connected to "db12g" Connected as SYSDBA. DGMGRL> CONVERT DATABASE db12g_s TO PHYSICAL STANDBY; Converting database "db12g_s" to a Physical Standby database, please wait... Operation requires shut down of instance "db12g" on database "db12g_s" Shutting down instance "db12g"... Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. Operation requires start up of instance "db12g" on database "db12g_s" Starting instance "db12g"... ORACLE instance started. Database mounted. Continuing to convert database "db12g_s" ... Database "db12g_s" converted successfully DGMGRL>
此時，物理備庫再次同步主庫數據。
遇到的坑：
1. 配置完broker之後，查看配置的時候報錯：
DGMGRL> show configuraton
show configuraton
^
Syntax error before or at "configuraton"
DGMGRL> show configuration
Configuration - my_dg_config
Protection Mode: MaxPerformance
Members:
db12g - Primary database
db12g_s - Physical standby database
Error: ORA-16664: unable to receive the result from a member
Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED
Configuration Status:
ERROR (status updated 59 seconds ago)
經過檢查，是由於備庫的tnsnames.ora文件中的配置錯誤導致無法連接到主庫，其次查看備庫的配置，發現很多警告，重新進行修改並重啓數據庫之後OK：
DGMGRL> show database verbose db12g_s
Database - db12g_s
Role: PHYSICAL STANDBY
Intended State: APPLY-ON
Transport Lag: 0 seconds (computed 0 seconds ago)
Apply Lag: 0 seconds (computed 0 seconds ago)
Average Apply Rate: 1.00 KByte/s
Active Apply Rate: 183.00 KByte/s
Maximum Apply Rate: 183.00 KByte/s
Real Time Query: ON
Instance(s):
db12g
Warning: ORA-16714: the value of property LogArchiveTrace is inconsistent with the member setting
Warning: ORA-16675: database instance restart required for property value modification to take effect
Warning: ORA-16714: the value of property LogArchiveFormat is inconsistent with the member setting
Properties:
DGConnectIdentifier = 'db12g_s'
ObserverConnectIdentifier = ''
LogXptMode = 'ASYNC'
RedoRoutes = ''
DelayMins = '0'
Binding = 'optional'
MaxFailure = '0'
MaxConnections = '1'
ReopenSecs = '300'
NetTimeout = '30'
RedoCompression = 'DISABLE'
LogShipping = 'ON'
PreferredApplyInstance = ''
ApplyInstanceTimeout = '0'
ApplyLagThreshold = '30'
TransportLagThreshold = '30'
TransportDisconnectedThreshold = '30'
ApplyParallel = 'AUTO'
ApplyInstances = '0'
StandbyFileManagement = 'AUTO'
ArchiveLagTarget = '0'
LogArchiveMaxProcesses = '8'
LogArchiveMinSucceedDest = '1'
DataGuardSyncLatency = '0'
DbFileNameConvert = '/u01/app/oradata, /u01/app/oracle/oradata'
LogFileNameConvert = '/u01/app/oradata, /u01/app/oracle/oradata'
FastStartFailoverTarget = ''
InconsistentProperties = '(monitor)'
InconsistentLogXptProps = '(monitor)'
SendQEntries = '(monitor)'
LogXptStatus = '(monitor)'
RecvQEntries = '(monitor)'
PreferredObserverHosts = ''
StaticConnectIdentifier = '(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ora12c-dg)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=db12g_s_DGMGRL)(INSTANCE_NAME=db12g)(SERVER=DEDICATED)))'
StandbyArchiveLocation = '/u01/app/oracle/archivelog'
AlternateLocation = ''
LogArchiveTrace = '0'
LogArchiveFormat = '%t_%s_%r.arc'
TopWaitEvents = '(monitor)'
Log file locations:
Alert log : /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/db12g_s/db12g/trace/alert_db12g.log
Data Guard Broker log : /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/db12g_s/db12g/trace/drcdb12g.log
Database Status:
WARNING
DGMGRL> edit database db12g_s set property LogArchiveTrace='0';
Property "logarchivetrace" updated
DGMGRL> edit database db12g_s set property LogArchiveFormat='%t_%s_%r.arc';
Warning: ORA-16675: database instance restart required for property value modification to take effect
Property "logarchiveformat" updated
DGMGRL> quit
[oracle@ora12c-dg ~]$
[oracle@ora12c-dg ~]$
[oracle@ora12c-dg ~]$
[oracle@ora12c-dg ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue May 23 17:18:49 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1207959552 bytes
Fixed Size 8792152 bytes
Variable Size 436209576 bytes
Database Buffers 754974720 bytes
Redo Buffers 7983104 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
2. 配置歸檔參數時報錯，無法配置，經過檢查發現是log_archive_config參數配置錯誤，修改之後正常：
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=db12g_s LGWR ASYNC=20480 VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=DB12G_S OPTIONAL REOPEN=15 MAX_FAILURE=10 NET_TIMEOUT=30' scope=both; alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=db12g_s LGWR ASYNC=20480 VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=DB12G_S OPTIONAL REOPEN=15 MAX_FAILURE=10 NET_TIMEOUT=30' scope=both * ERROR at line 1: ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid ORA-16053: DB_UNIQUE_NAME DB12G_S is not in the Data Guard Configuration SQL> show parameter dg_config SQL> alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(db12g,db12g_s)'; System altered. SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=db12g_s LGWR ASYNC=20480 VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=DB12G_S OPTIONAL REOPEN=15 MAX_FAILURE=10 NET_TIMEOUT=30' scope=both; System altered.