Ora2Pg簡介和安裝

內容簡介

本文將介紹一款從oracle數據庫遷移數據至postgres、greenplum數據庫的工具的簡介和安裝。

Ora2Pg是什麼

Ora2Pg是一個免費工具，用於將Oracle或MySQL數據庫中數據遷移到PostgreSQL。它連接Oracle數據庫，自動掃描並提取其結構或數據，然後生成可以加載到PostgreSQL數據庫中的SQL腳本。由於Greenplum與PostgreSQL兼容，所以也可以用來遷移到Greenplum。

Ora2Pg可用於從逆向工程Oracle數據庫到大型企業數據庫遷移，或者只是將一些Oracle數據複製到PostgreSQL數據庫中。它非常易於使用，除了提供連接Oracle數據庫所需的參數之外，不需要任何Oracle數據庫知識。更多信息可以參看官網的說明。

安裝所需的準備

我是在CentOS上安裝的Ora2Pg。其他系統如Windows系統的安裝，應該安裝Strawberry Perl（http://strawberryperl.com/）和操作系統對應的Oracle客戶端，本文就不做贅述。

系統上需要安裝Oracle Instant Client或完整的Oracle instaaltion。Ora2Pg的官網上說可以從Oracle下載中心下載數據庫對應版本或是更高版的RPM：

oracle-instantclient12.2-basic-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
oracle-instantclient12.2-devel-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
oracle-instantclient12.2-sqlplus-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm

地址是：
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/database-technologies/instant-client/downloads/index.html

由於下載需要先登錄，所以先要在oracle上先申請帳號後才能下載。但經過本人的點擊註冊oracle的帳號後，並不能登錄進去以及下載對應軟件。

後面是在百度網盤上搜索才找到對應的安裝包，若有更好的下載方式，可以留言告訴我。
發現官網有個不用帳號就能下載的網址入口：
https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/instant-client/linux-x86-64-downloads.html

其他的依賴可以在centos中下載安裝，相關要求：

• 1、 perl版本5.10以上
• 2、安裝DBD::Oracle
• 3、安裝DBI
• 4、安裝DBD::Pg 【可選，需要直接導入postgres數據庫時安裝】

安裝步驟

1.安裝perf和cpan

yum install -y perf cpan

2.安裝oracle-instantclient安裝包，安裝basic、devel、sqlplus三個rpm包

rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient*.rpm

3.安裝oracle-instantclient完畢後，添加oracle-instantclient配置文件

echo  "/usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/oracle_client.conf  
  
ldconfig  
  
ldconfig -p|grep oracle

libsqlplusic.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/lib/libsqlplusic.so  
libsqlplus.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/lib/libsqlplus.so  
liboramysql12.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/lib/liboramysql12.so  
libons.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/lib/libons.so  
libocijdbc12.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/lib/libocijdbc12.so  
libociei.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/lib/libociei.so  
libocci.so.12.1 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/lib/libocci.so.12.1  
libocci.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/lib/libocci.so  
libnnz12.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/lib/libnnz12.so  
libmql1.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/lib/libmql1.so  
...

注意版本替換成下載的版本

4.測試oracle-instantclient是否安裝成功

sqlplus64 test/[email protected]:1521/ora11g

5.安裝 DBI

cpan install DBI

6.安裝 DBD-Oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64  
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH  
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH  
wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/P/PY/PYTHIAN/DBD-Oracle-1.74.tar.gz  
tar -zxvf DBD-Oracle-1.74.tar.gz  
  
cd DBD-Oracle-1.74  
  
perl Makefile.PL -l  
make && make test  
make install

7.安裝Ora2pg

wget https://github.com/darold/ora2pg/archive/v18.2.tar.gz  
  
tar -zxvf v18.2.tar.gz   
  
cd ora2pg-18.2/  
  
perl Makefile.PL  
make && make install

8.導出數據測試，編輯導出配置文件

vi ora.conf  
  
#---------------------------------#  
  
#---------------------------------#  
  
# Set the Oracle home directory  
ORACLE_HOME /usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64  
  
# Set Oracle database connection (data source, user, password)  
ORACLE_DSN dbi:Oracle:host=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx;sid=ora11g;port=1521  
ORACLE_USER test  
ORACLE_PWD test  
# Oracle schema/owner to use  
#SCHEMA SCHEMA_NAME  
SCHEMA  test  
#--------------------------  
# EXPORT SECTION (Export type and filters)  
#--------------------------  
  
# Type of export. Values can be the following keyword:  
# TABLE Export tables, constraints, indexes, …  
# PACKAGE Export packages  
# INSERT Export data from table as INSERT statement  
# COPY Export data from table as COPY statement  
# VIEW Export views  
# GRANT Export grants  
# SEQUENCE Export sequences  
# TRIGGER Export triggers  
# FUNCTION Export functions  
# PROCEDURE Export procedures  
# TABLESPACE Export tablespace (PostgreSQL >= 8 only)  
# TYPE Export user-defined Oracle types  
# PARTITION Export range or list partition (PostgreSQL >= v8.4)  
# FDW Export table as foreign data wrapper tables  
# MVIEW Export materialized view as snapshot refresh view  
# QUERY Convert Oracle SQL queries from a file.  
# KETTLE Generate XML ktr template files to be used by Kettle.  
  
TYPE INSERT
# By default all output is dump to STDOUT if not send directly to PostgreSQL  
# database (see above). Give a filename to save export to it. If you want  
# a Gzip’d compressed file just add the extension .gz to the filename (you  
# need perl module Compress::Zlib from CPAN). Add extension .bz2 to use Bzip2  
# compression.  
OUTPUT output.sql  
# Base directory where all dumped files must be written  
#OUTPUT_DIR /var/tmp  
OUTPUT_DIR /tmp  

9.使用配置文件導出

ora2pg -c ./ora.conf 

10.檢查導出結果

cat /tmp/output.sql

參考資料

[1] 源碼github地址 https://github.com/darold/ora2pg
[2] https://www.cnblogs.com/lottu/p/9114959.html
[3] https://www.jianshu.com/p/08abf07f57be
[4] https://github.com/simapple/postgresdigal/blob/master/201804/20180423_02.md