gRPC快速入门（四）——gRPC快速入门

gRPC快速入门（四）——gRPC快速入门

一、gRPC简介

1、gRPC简介

gRPC是一个高性能、通用的开源RPC框架，基于ProtoBuf(Protocol Buffers)序列化协议开发，且支持众多开发语言，目前提供C、Java和Go语言版本，分别是grpc、grpc-java、grpc-go。gRPC提供了一种简单的方法来精确地定义服务和为iOS、Android和后台支持服务自动生成可靠性很强的客户端功能库。gRPC基于HTTP/2标准设计，带来诸如双向流、流控、头部压缩、单TCP连接上的多复用请求等特性，使得gRPC在移动设备上表现更好、更省电和节省空间占用。

2、gRPC的优点

gRPC优点如下：
（1）平台无关，语言无关，可扩展；
（2）提供了友好的动态库，使用简单；
（3）解析速度快，比对应的XML快约20-100倍；
（4）序列化数据非常简洁、紧凑，与XML相比，其序列化之后的数据量约为1/3到1/10。

3、gRPC安装

官方推荐安装命令：
go get google.golang.org/grpc
国内网络环境由于GFW原因，不能直接访问google服务器，报错如下：
package google.golang.org/grpc: unrecognized import path "google.golang.org/grpc" (https fetch: Get https://google.golang.org/grpc?go-get=1: dial tcp 216.239.37.1:443: i/o timeout)
因此，在国内网络环境下推荐直接从GitHub下载相应依赖进行安装。

git clone https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go.git $GOPATH/src/google.golang.org/grpc
git clone https://github.com/golang/net.git $GOPATH/src/golang.org/x/net
git clone https://github.com/golang/text.git $GOPATH/src/golang.org/x/text
go get -u github.com/golang/protobuf/{proto,protoc-gen-go}
git clone https://github.com/google/go-genproto.git $GOPATH/src/google.golang.org/genproto
git clone https://github.com/golang/sys $GOPATH/src/golang.org/x/sys

安装gRPC：
go install google.golang.org/grpc

二、gRPC使用

1、gRPC使用流程

gRPC使用流程如下：
（1）编写.proto描述文件。
（2）编译生成.pb.go文件。
（3）服务端实现约定的接口并提供服务。
（4）客户端按照约定调用方法请求服务。

2、proto service定义

一个RPC service是一个能够通过参数和返回值进行远程调用的方法。由于gRPC通过将数据编码成Protocal Buffer来实现传输，因此，使用者可以通过Protocal Buffers interface definitioin language(IDL)来定义service method，同时将参数和返回值也定义成Protocal Buffer message类型。gRPC源码目录提供了多个使用示例，本文使用helloworld示例作为模板，helloworld示例目录位于google.golang.org/grpc/examples/helloworld。
在$GOPATH/src目录下创建helloworld目录，包含proto、server、client子目录。proto目录下创建helloworld.proto文件。
helloworld.proto：

syntax = "proto3";

package helloworld;

// The greeting service definition.
service Greeter {
  // Sends a greeting
  rpc SayHello (HelloRequest) returns (HelloReply) {}
}

// The request message containing the user's name.
message HelloRequest {
  string name = 1;
}

// The response message containing the greetings
message HelloReply {
  string message = 1;
}

helloworld.proto文件中定义了一个Greeter Service，服务包含一个SayHello方法，同时声明了HelloRequest和HelloReply消息结构用于请求和响应。客户端使用HelloRequest参数调用SayHello方法请求服务端，服务端响应HelloReply消息。

3、生成Go代码

根据定义的RPC service，利用protocal buffer compiler，即protoc生成相应的服务器端和客户端的Go代码，生成的代码中包含了客户端能够进行RPC的方法以及服务器端需要进行实现的接口。
在$GOPATH/src/helloworld/proto目录下生成gRPC对应的Go代码的命令如下：
protoc --go_out=plugins=grpc:. helloworld.proto
将在目录下生成helloworld.pb.go文件，内容如下：

// Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
// source: helloworld.proto

package helloworld

import (
    context "context"
    fmt "fmt"
    proto "github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"
    grpc "google.golang.org/grpc"
    math "math"
)

// Reference imports to suppress errors if they are not otherwise used.
var _ = proto.Marshal
var _ = fmt.Errorf
var _ = math.Inf

// This is a compile-time assertion to ensure that this generated file
// is compatible with the proto package it is being compiled against.
// A compilation error at this line likely means your copy of the
// proto package needs to be updated.
const _ = proto.ProtoPackageIsVersion3 // please upgrade the proto package

// The request message containing the user's name.
type HelloRequest struct {
    Name                 string   `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=name,proto3" json:"name,omitempty"`
    XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{} `json:"-"`
    XXX_unrecognized     []byte   `json:"-"`
    XXX_sizecache        int32    `json:"-"`
}

func (m *HelloRequest) Reset()         { *m = HelloRequest{} }
func (m *HelloRequest) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
func (*HelloRequest) ProtoMessage()    {}
func (*HelloRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
    return fileDescriptor_17b8c58d586b62f2, []int{0}
}

func (m *HelloRequest) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
    return xxx_messageInfo_HelloRequest.Unmarshal(m, b)
}
func (m *HelloRequest) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
    return xxx_messageInfo_HelloRequest.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
}
func (m *HelloRequest) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
    xxx_messageInfo_HelloRequest.Merge(m, src)
}
func (m *HelloRequest) XXX_Size() int {
    return xxx_messageInfo_HelloRequest.Size(m)
}
func (m *HelloRequest) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
    xxx_messageInfo_HelloRequest.DiscardUnknown(m)
}

var xxx_messageInfo_HelloRequest proto.InternalMessageInfo

func (m *HelloRequest) GetName() string {
    if m != nil {
        return m.Name
    }
    return ""
}

// The response message containing the greetings
type HelloReply struct {
    Message              string   `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=message,proto3" json:"message,omitempty"`
    XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{} `json:"-"`
    XXX_unrecognized     []byte   `json:"-"`
    XXX_sizecache        int32    `json:"-"`
}

func (m *HelloReply) Reset()         { *m = HelloReply{} }
func (m *HelloReply) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
func (*HelloReply) ProtoMessage()    {}
func (*HelloReply) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
    return fileDescriptor_17b8c58d586b62f2, []int{1}
}

func (m *HelloReply) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
    return xxx_messageInfo_HelloReply.Unmarshal(m, b)
}
func (m *HelloReply) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
    return xxx_messageInfo_HelloReply.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
}
func (m *HelloReply) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
    xxx_messageInfo_HelloReply.Merge(m, src)
}
func (m *HelloReply) XXX_Size() int {
    return xxx_messageInfo_HelloReply.Size(m)
}
func (m *HelloReply) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
    xxx_messageInfo_HelloReply.DiscardUnknown(m)
}

var xxx_messageInfo_HelloReply proto.InternalMessageInfo

func (m *HelloReply) GetMessage() string {
    if m != nil {
        return m.Message
    }
    return ""
}

func init() {
    proto.RegisterType((*HelloRequest)(nil), "helloworld.HelloRequest")
    proto.RegisterType((*HelloReply)(nil), "helloworld.HelloReply")
}

func init() { proto.RegisterFile("helloworld.proto", fileDescriptor_17b8c58d586b62f2) }

var fileDescriptor_17b8c58d586b62f2 = []byte{
    // 175 bytes of a gzipped FileDescriptorProto
    0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0xff, 0xe2, 0x12, 0xc8, 0x48, 0xcd, 0xc9,
    0xc9, 0x2f, 0xcf, 0x2f, 0xca, 0x49, 0xd1, 0x2b, 0x28, 0xca, 0x2f, 0xc9, 0x17, 0xe2, 0x42, 0x88,
    0x28, 0x29, 0x71, 0xf1, 0x78, 0x80, 0x78, 0x41, 0xa9, 0x85, 0xa5, 0xa9, 0xc5, 0x25, 0x42, 0x42,
    0x5c, 0x2c, 0x79, 0x89, 0xb9, 0xa9, 0x12, 0x8c, 0x0a, 0x8c, 0x1a, 0x9c, 0x41, 0x60, 0xb6, 0x92,
    0x1a, 0x17, 0x17, 0x54, 0x4d, 0x41, 0x4e, 0xa5, 0x90, 0x04, 0x17, 0x7b, 0x6e, 0x6a, 0x71, 0x71,
    0x62, 0x3a, 0x4c, 0x11, 0x8c, 0x6b, 0xe4, 0xc9, 0xc5, 0xee, 0x5e, 0x94, 0x9a, 0x5a, 0x92, 0x5a,
    0x24, 0x64, 0xc7, 0xc5, 0x11, 0x9c, 0x58, 0x09, 0xd6, 0x25, 0x24, 0xa1, 0x87, 0xe4, 0x02, 0x64,
    0xcb, 0xa4, 0xc4, 0xb0, 0xc8, 0x14, 0xe4, 0x54, 0x2a, 0x31, 0x38, 0x19, 0x70, 0x49, 0x67, 0xe6,
    0xeb, 0xa5, 0x17, 0x15, 0x24, 0xeb, 0xa5, 0x56, 0x24, 0xe6, 0x16, 0xe4, 0xa4, 0x16, 0x23, 0xa9,
    0x75, 0xe2, 0x07, 0x2b, 0x0e, 0x07, 0xb1, 0x03, 0x40, 0x5e, 0x0a, 0x60, 0x4c, 0x62, 0x03, 0xfb,
    0xcd, 0x18, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0xb7, 0xcd, 0xf2, 0xef, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
}

// Reference imports to suppress errors if they are not otherwise used.
var _ context.Context
var _ grpc.ClientConn

// This is a compile-time assertion to ensure that this generated file
// is compatible with the grpc package it is being compiled against.
const _ = grpc.SupportPackageIsVersion4

// GreeterClient is the client API for Greeter service.
//
// For semantics around ctx use and closing/ending streaming RPCs, please refer to https://godoc.org/google.golang.org/grpc#ClientConn.NewStream.
type GreeterClient interface {
    // Sends a greeting
    SayHello(ctx context.Context, in *HelloRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*HelloReply, error)
}

type greeterClient struct {
    cc *grpc.ClientConn
}

func NewGreeterClient(cc *grpc.ClientConn) GreeterClient {
    return &greeterClient{cc}
}

func (c *greeterClient) SayHello(ctx context.Context, in *HelloRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*HelloReply, error) {
    out := new(HelloReply)
    err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/helloworld.Greeter/SayHello", in, out, opts...)
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }
    return out, nil
}

// GreeterServer is the server API for Greeter service.
type GreeterServer interface {
    // Sends a greeting
    SayHello(context.Context, *HelloRequest) (*HelloReply, error)
}

func RegisterGreeterServer(s *grpc.Server, srv GreeterServer) {
    s.RegisterService(&_Greeter_serviceDesc, srv)
}

func _Greeter_SayHello_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
    in := new(HelloRequest)
    if err := dec(in); err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }
    if interceptor == nil {
        return srv.(GreeterServer).SayHello(ctx, in)
    }
    info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
        Server:     srv,
        FullMethod: "/helloworld.Greeter/SayHello",
    }
    handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
        return srv.(GreeterServer).SayHello(ctx, req.(*HelloRequest))
    }
    return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
}

var _Greeter_serviceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
    ServiceName: "helloworld.Greeter",
    HandlerType: (*GreeterServer)(nil),
    Methods: []grpc.MethodDesc{
        {
            MethodName: "SayHello",
            Handler:    _Greeter_SayHello_Handler,
        },
    },
    Streams:  []grpc.StreamDesc{},
    Metadata: "helloworld.proto",
}

生成文件包含服务端接口GreeterServer描述，客户端greeterClient接口及实现，以及HelloRequest、HelloResponse结构体。

4、服务端

在server子目录下创建server.go文件：

package main

import (
   "context"
   "net"

   "google.golang.org/grpc"
   pb "helloworld/proto"
   "google.golang.org/grpc/reflection"
   "google.golang.org/grpc/grpclog"
)

const (
   // Address gRPC服务地址
   port = ":50051"
)

// server is used to implement helloworld.GreeterServer.
type server struct{}

// SayHello implements helloworld.GreeterServer
func (s *server) SayHello(ctx context.Context, in *pb.HelloRequest) (*pb.HelloReply, error) {
   return &pb.HelloReply{Message: "Hello " + in.Name}, nil
}

func main() {
   lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", port)
   if err != nil {
      grpclog.Fatalf("failed to listen: %v", err)
   }
   // 实例化gRPC Server
   s := grpc.NewServer()
   // 注册服务
   pb.RegisterGreeterServer(s, &server{})
   // Register reflection service on gRPC server.
   reflection.Register(s)
   if err := s.Serve(lis); err != nil {
      grpclog.Fatalf("failed to serve: %v", err)
   }
}

服务端引入编译后的proto包，实现约定的SayHello接口方法，接口描述可以查看helloworld.pb.go文件中的GreeterServer接口描述。实例化grpc Server并注册GreeterService，开始提供服务。

5、客户端

客户端使用gRPC访问服务端：

package main

import (
   "context"
   "os"
   "time"

   "google.golang.org/grpc"
   pb "helloworld/proto"
   "log"
)

const (
   address     = "localhost:50051"
   defaultName = "world"
)

func main() {
   // Set up a connection to the server.
   conn, err := grpc.Dial(address, grpc.WithInsecure())
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatalf("did not connect: %v", err)
   }
   defer conn.Close()
   c := pb.NewGreeterClient(conn)

   // Contact the server and print out its response.
   name := defaultName
   if len(os.Args) > 1 {
      name = os.Args[1]
   }
   ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)
   defer cancel()
   r, err := c.SayHello(ctx, &pb.HelloRequest{Name: name})
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatalf("could not greet: %v", err)
   }
   log.Printf("Greeting: %s", r.Message)
}
// output:
// 2018/12/17 19:57:47 Greeting: Hello world

客户端初始化连接后直接调用声明的方法，即可向服务端发起请求。

6、运行测试

在server目录下启动Server：
go run main.go
在client目录下启动客户端：
go run main.go
客户端接收到服务端的响应：
2018/12/17 20:03:44 Greeting: Hello world