一、Docker的基礎用法
Docker鏡像首頁，包括官方鏡像和其它公開鏡像。因爲種種原因，國內下載 Docker HUB 官方的相關鏡像比較慢，可以使用docker.cn鏡像，鏡像保持和官方一致，關鍵是速度塊，推薦使用。
1.1 Search images
$ sudo docker search ubuntu
1.2 Pull images
$ sudo docker pull ubuntu # 獲取 ubuntu 官方鏡像 $ sudo docker images # 查看當前鏡像列表
1.3 Running an interactive shell
$ sudo docker run -i -t ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash
docker run - 運行一個容器
-t - 分配一個(僞)tty (link is external)
-i - 交互模式 (so we can interact with it)
ubuntu:14.04 - 使用 ubuntu 基礎鏡像 14.04
/bin/bash - 運行命令 bash shell
注: ubuntu 會有多個版本，通過指定 tag 來啓動特定的版本 [image]:[tag]
$ sudo docker ps # 查看當前運行的容器, ps -a 列出當前系統所有的容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
6c9129e9df10 ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes cranky_babbage
1.4 相關快捷鍵
退出：Ctrl-Dorexit
detach：Ctrl-P + Ctrl-Q
attach:docker attach CONTAINER-ID
二、Docker 命令幫助
2.1 docker help
docker command
$ sudo docker # docker 命令幫助
Commands:
attach Attach to a running container # 當前 shell 下 attach 連接指定運行鏡像
build Build an image from a Dockerfile # 通過 Dockerfile 定製鏡像
commit Create a new image from a container's changes # 提交當前容器爲新的鏡像cp Copy files/folders from the containers filesystem to the host path
# 從容器中拷貝指定文件或者目錄到宿主機中
create Create a new container # 創建一個新的容器，同 run，但不啓動容器
diff Inspect changes on a container's filesystem # 查看 docker 容器變化
events Get real time events from the server # 從 docker 服務獲取容器實時事件
exec Run a command in an existing container # 在已存在的容器上運行命令
export Stream the contents of a container as a tar archive
# 導出容器的內容流作爲一個 tar 歸檔文件[對應 import ]
history Show the history of an image # 展示一個鏡像形成歷史
images List images # 列出系統當前鏡像
import Create a new filesystem image from the contents of a tarball
# 從tar包中的內容創建一個新的文件系統映像[對應 export]
info Display system-wide information # 顯示系統相關信息
inspect Return low-level information on a container # 查看容器詳細信息
kill Kill a running container # kill 指定 docker 容器
load Load an image from a tar archive # 從一個 tar 包中加載一個鏡像[對應 save]
login Register or Login to the docker registry server
# 註冊或者登陸一個 docker 源服務器
logout Log out from a Docker registry server # 從當前 Docker registry 退出
logs Fetch the logs of a container # 輸出當前容器日誌信息
port Lookup the public-facing port which is NAT-ed to PRIVATE_PORT
# 查看映射端口對應的容器內部源端口
pause Pause all processes within a container # 暫停容器
ps List containers # 列出容器列表pull Pull an image or a repository from the docker registry server
# 從docker鏡像源服務器拉取指定鏡像或者庫鏡像push Push an image or a repository to the docker registry server
# 推送指定鏡像或者庫鏡像至docker源服務器restart Restart a running container # 重啓運行的容器
rm Remove one or more containers # 移除一個或者多個容器
rmi Remove one or more images # 移除一個或多個鏡像[無容器使用該鏡像纔可刪除， 否則需刪除相關容器纔可繼續或 -f 強制刪除]
run Run a command in a new container
# 創建一個新的容器並運行一個命令
save Save an image to a tar archive # 保存一個鏡像爲一個 tar 包[對應 load]
search Search for an image on the Docker Hub # 在 docker hub 中搜索鏡像
start Start a stopped containers # 啓動容器
stop Stop a running containers # 停止容器
tag Tag an image into a repository # 給源中鏡像打標籤
top Lookup the running processes of a container # 查看容器中運行的進程信息
unpause Unpause a paused container # 取消暫停容器
version Show the docker version information # 查看 docker 版本號
wait Block until a container stops, then print its exit code
# 截取容器停止時的退出狀態值
Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
docker option
Usage of docker:--api-enable-cors=false Enable CORS headers in the remote API # 遠程 API 中開啓 CORS 頭
-b, --bridge="" Attach containers to a pre-existing network bridge # 橋接網絡
use 'none' to disable container networking--bip="" Use this CIDR notation address for the network bridge's IP, not compatible with -b
# 和 -b 選項不兼容，具體沒有測試過
-d, --daemon=false Enable daemon mode # daemon 模式
-D, --debug=false Enable debug mode # debug 模式
--dns=[] Force docker to use specific DNS servers # 強制 docker 使用指定 dns 服務器
--dns-search=[] Force Docker to use specific DNS search domains # 強制 docker 使用指定 dns 搜索域
-e, --exec-driver="native" Force the docker runtime to use a specific exec driver # 強制 docker 運行時使用指定執行驅動器
--fixed-cidr="" IPv4 subnet for fixed IPs (ex: 10.20.0.0/16)
this subnet must be nested in the bridge subnet (which is defined by -b or --bip)
-G, --group="docker" Group to assign the unix socket specified by -H when running in daemon mode
use '' (the empty string) to disable setting of a group
-g, --graph="/var/lib/docker" Path to use as the root of the docker runtime # 容器運行的根目錄路徑
-H, --host=[] The socket(s) to bind to in daemon mode # daemon 模式下 docker 指定綁定方式[tcp or 本地 socket]
specified using one or more tcp://host:port, unix:///path/to/socket, fd://* or fd://socketfd.
--icc=true Enable inter-container communication # 跨容器通信
--insecure-registry=[] Enable insecure communication with specified registries (no certificate verification for HTTPS and enable HTTP fallback) (e.g., localhost:5000 or 10.20.0.0/16)
--ip="0.0.0.0"Default IP address to use when binding container ports # 指定監聽地址，默認所有 ip
--ip-forward=true Enable net.ipv4.ip_forward # 開啓轉發
--ip-masq=true Enable IP masquerading for bridge's IP range
--iptables=true Enable Docker's addition of iptables rules # 添加對應 iptables 規則
--mtu=0 Set the containers network MTU # 設置網絡 mtu if no value is provided: default to the default route MTU or 1500 if no default route is available
-p, --pidfile="/var/run/docker.pid" Path to use for daemon PID file # 指定 pid 文件位置
--registry-mirror=[] Specify a preferred Docker registry mirror
-s, --storage-driver="" Force the docker runtime to use a specific storage driver # 強制 docker 運行時使用指定存儲驅動
--selinux-enabled=false Enable selinux support # 開啓 selinux 支持
--storage-opt=[] Set storage driver options # 設置存儲驅動選項
--tls=false Use TLS; implied by tls-verify flags # 開啓 tls
--tlscacert="/root/.docker/ca.pem" Trust only remotes providing a certificate signed by the CA given here
--tlscert="/root/.docker/cert.pem" Path to TLS certificate file # tls 證書文件位置
--tlskey="/root/.docker/key.pem" Path to TLS key file # tls key 文件位置
--tlsverify=false Use TLS and verify the remote (daemon: verify client, client: verify daemon) # 使用 tls 並確認遠程控制主機
-v, --version=false Print version information and quit # 輸出 docker 版本信息
2.2 docker search
$ sudo docker search --help
Usage: docker search TERM
Search the Docker Hub for images # 從 Docker Hub 搜索鏡像 --automated=false Only show automated builds
--no-trunc=false Don't truncate output
-s, --stars=0 Only displays with at least xxx stars
示例：
$ sudo docker search -s 100 ubuntu # 查找 star 數至少爲 100 的鏡像，找出只有官方鏡像 start 數超過 100，默認不加 s 選項找出所有相關 ubuntu 鏡像 NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
ubuntu Official Ubuntu base image 425 [OK]
2.3 docker info
$ sudo docker info
Containers: 1 # 容器個數 Images: 22 # 鏡像個數 Storage Driver: devicemapper # 存儲驅動 Pool Name: docker-8:17-3221225728-pool
Pool Blocksize: 65.54 kB
Data file: /data/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/data
Metadata file: /data/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/metadata
Data Space Used: 1.83 GB
Data Space Total: 107.4 GB
Metadata Space Used: 2.191 MB
Metadata Space Total: 2.147 GB
Library Version: 1.02.84-RHEL7 (2014-03-26) Execution Driver: native-0.2 # 存儲驅動 Kernel Version: 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
2.4 docker pull && docker push
$ sudo docker pull --help # pull 拉取鏡像 Usage: docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG] Pull an image or a repository from the registry
-a, --all-tags=false Download all tagged images in the repository $ sudo docker push # push 推送指定鏡像 Usage: docker push NAME[:TAG] Push an image or a repository to the registry
示例：
$ sudo docker pull ubuntu # 下載官方 ubuntu docker 鏡像，默認下載所有 ubuntu 官方庫鏡像 $ sudo docker pull ubuntu:14.04 # 下載指定版本 ubuntu 官方鏡像
$ sudo docker push 192.168.0.100:5000/ubuntu # 推送鏡像庫到私有源[可註冊 docker 官方賬戶，推送到官方自有賬戶] $ sudo docker push 192.168.0.100:5000/ubuntu:14.04 # 推送指定鏡像到私有源
2.5 docker images
列出當前系統鏡像
$ sudo docker images --help
Usage: docker images [OPTIONS] [NAME] List images
-a, --all=false Show all images (by default filter out the intermediate image layers) # -a 顯示當前系統的所有鏡像，包括過渡層鏡像，默認 docker images 顯示最終鏡像，不包括過渡層鏡像 -f, --filter=[] Provide filter values (i.e. 'dangling=true') --no-trunc=false Don't truncate output
-q, --quiet=false Only show numeric IDs
示例：
$ sudo docker images # 顯示當前系統鏡像，不包括過渡層鏡像 $ sudo docker images -a # 顯示當前系統所有鏡像，包括過渡層鏡像 $ sudo docker images ubuntu # 顯示當前系統 docker ubuntu 庫中的所有鏡像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
ubuntu 12.04 ebe4be4dd427 4 weeks ago 210.6 MB
ubuntu 14.04 e54ca5efa2e9 4 weeks ago 276.5 MB
ubuntu 14.04-ssh 6334d3ac099a 7 weeks ago 383.2 MB
2.6 docker rmi
刪除一個或者多個鏡像
$ sudo docker rmi --help
Usage: docker rmi IMAGE [IMAGE...] Remove one or more images
-f, --force=false Force removal of the image # 強制移除鏡像不管是否有容器使用該鏡像 --no-prune=false Do not delete untagged parents # 不要刪除未標記的父鏡像
2.7 docker run
$ sudo docker run --help
Usage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...] Run a command in a new container
-a, --attach=[] Attach to stdin, stdout or stderr.
-c, --cpu-shares=0 CPU shares (relative weight) # 設置 cpu 使用權重 --cap-add=[] Add Linux capabilities
--cap-drop=[] Drop Linux capabilities
--cidfile="" Write the container ID to the file # 把容器 id 寫入到指定文件 --cpuset="" CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1) # cpu 綁定 -d, --detach=false Detached mode: Run container in the background, print new container id # 後臺運行容器 --device=[] Add a host device to the container (e.g. --device=/dev/sdc:/dev/xvdc) --dns=[] Set custom dns servers # 設置 dns --dns-search=[] Set custom dns search domains # 設置 dns 域搜索 -e, --env=[] Set environment variables # 定義環境變量 --entrypoint="" Overwrite the default entrypoint of the image # ? --env-file=[] Read in a line delimited file of ENV variables # 從指定文件讀取變量值 --expose=[] Expose a port from the container without publishing it to your host# 指定對外提供服務端口 -h, --hostname="" Container host name # 設置容器主機名 -i, --interactive=false Keep stdin open even if not attached # 保持標準輸出開啓即使沒有 attached --link=[] Add link to another container (name:alias) # 添加鏈接到另外一個容器 --lxc-conf=[] (lxc exec-driver only) Add custom lxc options --lxc-conf="lxc.cgroup.cpuset.cpus = 0,1" -m, --memory="" Memory limit (format: , where unit = b, k, m or g) # 內存限制 --name="" Assign a name to the container # 設置容器名 --net="bridge" Set the Network mode for the container # 設置容器網絡模式 'bridge': creates a new network stack for the container on the docker bridge 'none': no networking for this container 'container:': reuses another container network stack 'host': use the host network stack inside the container. Note: the host mode gives the container full access to local system services such as D-bus and is therefore considered insecure.
-P, --publish-all=false Publish all exposed ports to the host interfaces # 自動映射容器對外提供服務的端口 -p, --publish=[] Publish a container's port to the host # 指定端口映射 format: ip:hostPort:containerPort | ip::containerPort | hostPort:containerPort (use 'docker port' to see the actual mapping) --privileged=false Give extended privileges to this container # 提供更多的權限給容器 --restart="" Restart policy to apply when a container exits (no, on-failure[:max-retry], always) --rm=false Automatically remove the container when it exits (incompatible with -d) # 如果容器退出自動移除和 -d 選項衝突 --security-opt=[] Security Options
--sig-proxy=true Proxify received signals to the process (even in non-tty mode). SIGCHLD is not proxied.
-t, --tty=false Allocate a pseudo-tty # 分配僞終端 -u, --user="" Username or UID # 指定運行容器的用戶 uid 或者用戶名 -v, --volume=[] Bind mount a volume (e.g., from the host: -v /host:/container, from docker: -v /container) # 掛載卷 --volumes-from=[] Mount volumes from the specified container(s) # 從指定容器掛載卷 -w, --workdir="" Working directory inside the container # 指定容器工作目錄
示例：
$ sudo docker images ubuntu
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
ubuntu 14.04 e54ca5efa2e9 4 weeks ago 276.5 MB$ sudo docker run -t -i -c 100 -m 512MB -h test1 -d --name="docker_test1" ubuntu /bin/bash # 創建一個 cpu 優先級爲 100，內存限制 512MB，主機名爲 test1，名爲 docker_test1 後臺運行 bash 的容器 a424ca613c9f2247cd3ede95adfbaf8d28400cbcb1d5f9b69a7b56f97b2b52e5 $ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a424ca613c9f ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds docker_test1 $ sudo docker attach docker_test1
root@test1:/# pwd /
root@test1:/# exit exit
關於cpu優先級:
By default all groups have 1024 shares.
A group with 100 shares will get a ~10%
portion of the CPU time -
archlinux cgroups
2.8 docker start|stop|kill... ...
dockerstart|stop|kill|restart|pause|unpause|rm|commit|inspect|logs
docker start CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
# 運行一個或多個停止的容器
docker stop CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
# 停掉一個或多個運行的容器-t選項可指定超時時間
docker kill [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
# 默認 kill 發送 SIGKILL 信號-s可以指定發送 kill 信號類型
docker restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
# 重啓一個或多個運行的容器-t選項可指定超時時間
docker pause CONTAINER
# 暫停一個容器，方便 commit
docker unpause CONTAINER
# 繼續暫停的容器
docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
# 移除一個或多個容器
-f, --force=false Force removal of running container
-l, --link=false Remove the specified link and not the underlying container
-v, --volumes=false Remove the volumes associated with the container
docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
# 默認 commit 是暫停狀態
# 提交指定容器爲鏡像
-a, --author="" Author (e.g., "John Hannibal Smith [email protected] ")
-m, --message="" Commit message
-p, --pause=true Pause container during commit
docker inspect CONTAINER|IMAGE [CONTAINER|IMAGE...]
# 查看容器或者鏡像的詳細信息
docker logs CONTAINER
# 類似 tail -f
# 輸出指定容器日誌信息
-f, --follow=false Follow log output
-t, --timestamps=false Show timestamps
--tail="all" Output the specified number of lines at the end of logs (defaults to all logs)
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