基於偉大的 GFW 越來越牛Ｂ，網站的正常維護如 FTP、pop & smtp 的郵件收發、在 google 查技術資料，都經常被 GFW 強行斷開。爲了解決這個問題，於是我在自己的國外主機上安裝了一個 Open***，當時記錄了一下安裝的經過。
今天正好又有一個朋友問及 Open*** 安裝的事情，於是我重新整理一下這篇Linux 下 Open*** 安裝和 Windows Open*** GUI 安裝筆記(http://www.xiaohui.com/dev/server/20070514-install-open***.htm), 希望對大家有所幫助。
當時在安裝 Open*** 的時候，得到了 WenZK 的指導幫助。在此表示感謝。
一. Open*** 安裝環境
- Server 端的環境
- redhat, kernel版本: 2.4.20-31.9, IP 爲 70.8.7.6
- kernel 需要支持 tun 設備, 需要加載 iptables 模塊.
檢查 tun 是否安裝:
代碼:root@a [/]# modinfo tun
如果沒有 modinfo 命令, 直接找一下, 看看 kernel 裏是否有 tun.o 文件:
filename: /lib/modules/2.4.20-31.9/kernel/drivers/net/tun.o
description:
author:
license: "GPL"
代碼:find -name tun.o
檢查iptables 模塊, 查看是否有下列文件:
./lib/modules/2.4.20/kernel/drivers/net/tun.o
/etc/init.d/iptables - 安裝的 Open*** 的版本: 2.0.5. 現在似乎已經有一個更新的版本了. 可在http://open***.net 上下載.
- Client 端的環境:
- Windows XP PRO SP2
- Open*** GUI For windows 1.0.3 , 可在 open***.se 下載
注意: Open*** GUI for windows 的版本要和 Open*** Server 的版本配套.
例如, 服務器裝的是 Open*** 2.0.5, 那麼下載的 Open*** GUI fow windows 應該是: open***-2.0.5-gui-1.0.3-install.exe
Open*** GUI的所有歷史版本: http://open***.se/files/install_packages/
二. Open*** 服務端安裝過程
http://www.xiaohui.com/dev/server/20070514-install-open***.htm- 用 SecureCRT 登錄到 host, 進入根目錄 代碼:
cd /
- 下載 LZO，解壓到lzo-2.02.
wget http://www.oberhumer.com/opensource/lzo/download/lzo-2.02.tar.gz
- 下載 Open***, 解壓到open***-2.0.5 地址: http://open***.net/download.html 代碼:
wget http://open***.net/release/open***-2.0.5.tar.gz
- 安裝 LZO 代碼:
cd /lzo-2.02
./configure
make
make check
make install - 安裝 Open*** 代碼:
cd /open***-2.0.5
./configure
# 或用指定dir: (注:下述命令, 應該在一行寫完. 爲了方便顯示, 這裏分成了四行)
# ./configure --with-lzo-headers=/usr/local/include
# --with-lzo-lib=/usr/local/lib
# --with-ssl-headers=/usr/local/include/openssl
# --with-ssl-lib=/usr/local/lib
make
make install - 生成證書Key 初始化 PKI(如果沒有 export 命令也可以用 setenv [name] [value] 命令)代碼:
cd /open***-2.0.5/easy-rsa
Build:
export D=`pwd`
export KEY_CONFIG=$D/openssl.cnf
export KEY_DIR=$D/keys
export KEY_SIZE=1024
export KEY_COUNTRY=CN
export KEY_PROVINCE=GD
export KEY_CITY=SZ
export KEY_ORG="dvdmaster"
export KEY_EMAIL="[email protected]"代碼:./clean-all
# 建立 server key 代碼: 代碼:
./build-ca
Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
................++++++
........++++++
writing new private key to 'ca.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [CN]:
State or Province Name (full name) [GD]:
Locality Name (eg, city) [SZ]:
Organization Name (eg, company) [dvdmaster]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:dvdmaster
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:server
Email Address [[email protected]]:./build-key-server server
Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
......++++++
....................++++++
writing new private key to 'server.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [CN]:
State or Province Name (full name) [GD]:
Locality Name (eg, city) [SZ]:
Organization Name (eg, company) [dvdmaster]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:dvdmaster
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:server
Email Address [[email protected]]:
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:abcd1234
An optional company name []:dvdmaster
Using configuration from /open***-2.0.5/easy-rsa/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
The Subject's Distinguished Name is as follows
countryName :PRINTABLE:'CN'
stateOrProvinceName :PRINTABLE:'GD'
localityName :PRINTABLE:'SZ'
organizationName :PRINTABLE:'dvdmaster'
organizationalUnitName:PRINTABLE:'dvdmaster'
commonName :PRINTABLE:'server'
emailAddress :IA5STRING:'[email protected]'
Certificate is to be certified until Mar 19 08:15:31 2016 GMT (3650 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated#生成客戶端 key代碼:./build-key client1
Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
.....++++++
......++++++
writing new private key to 'client1.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [CN]:
State or Province Name (full name) [GD]:
Locality Name (eg, city) [SZ]:
Organization Name (eg, company) [dvdmaster]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:dvdmaster
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:client1 #重要: 每個不同的 client 生成的證書, 名字必須不同.
Email Address [[email protected]]:
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:abcd1234
An optional company name []:dvdmaster
Using configuration from /open***-2.0.5/easy-rsa/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
The Subject's Distinguished Name is as follows
countryName :PRINTABLE:'CN'
stateOrProvinceName :PRINTABLE:'GD'
localityName :PRINTABLE:'SZ'
organizationName :PRINTABLE:'dvdmaster'
organizationalUnitName:PRINTABLE:'dvdmaster'
commonName :PRINTABLE:'client1'
emailAddress :IA5STRING:'[email protected]'
Certificate is to be certified until Mar 19 08:22:00 2016 GMT (3650 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated依次類推生成其他客戶端證書/key代碼:./build-key client2
注意在進入 Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []: 的輸入時, 每個證書輸入的名字必須不同.
./build-key client3 - build: 代碼:
./build-dh - 將 keys 下的所有文件打包下載到本地 代碼:
tar -cf mykeys.tar /open***-2.0.5/easy-rsa/keys
將 mykeys.tar 移到 web public(絕對路徑因人而異) 上, 然後用 http://www.a.com/mykeys.tar 方式將其下載到本地保存, 然後將其從server刪除: 代碼:
cp mykeys.tar /home/dvdmastersys/public_html/mykeys.tarrm /home/dvdmastersys/public_html/mykeys.tar
也可以用其他方法把 key file搞到本地，例如 ftp. - 創建服務端配置文件 從樣例文件創建:代碼:
cd $dir/sample-config-files/ # 進入源代碼解壓目錄下的sample-config-files子目錄
我建立的server.conf 的內容稍後另附.
cp server.conf /usr/local/etc # cp服務器配置文件到/usr/local/etc
vi /usr/local/etc/server.conf - 創建客戶端配置文件 代碼:
cd $dir/sample-config-files/ #進入源代碼解壓目錄下的sample-config-files子目錄
我建立的client.conf 的內容稍後另附.
cp client.conf /usr/local/etc #cp客戶端配置文件到/usr/local/etc
vi /usr/local/etc/client.conf - 啓動Open***: open*** [server config file] 代碼:
/usr/local/sbin/open*** --config /usr/local/etc/server.conf
三. Open*** GUI For Windows 客戶端安裝過程
- 安裝 Open*** GUI For Windows, 到 http://open***.se 下載. 目前的版本是 1.0.3. 注意: Open*** GUI 的版本要和 Open*** Server 的版本配套. 詳見第一節一. 安裝環境中的說明.
- 依屏幕指示安裝open*** gui.
- 配置 open*** gui 安裝結束後, 進入安裝文件夾下的 config 目錄, 然後將上面第 10 步建立的 client.conf 文件從 server 上下載到此文件夾, 並更名爲 client.o***同時, 將第8 步打包的 mykeys.tar 中的下列證書文件解壓到此文件夾:代碼:
ca.crt
然後雙擊 client.o*** 即可啓動 open***, 或者通過 Open*** GUI 的控制啓動 ***.
ca.key
client1.crt
client1.csr
client1.key如果雙擊 client.o*** 沒有反應, 則在任務欄點 Open*** GUI 的小圖標右鍵, 選擇 edit config, 將內容複製過去再保存. 然後再點右鍵中的 connect即可.如果需要第二臺機器上使用 *** , 進行同樣的配置, 只需要將 client1.crt, client1.csr, client1.key 換成對應的 client2.xxx 即可, 然後將 client.o*** 中的對應key文件值改掉.
四. Open*** 配置樣例文件
- Open*** 服務端：server.conf 代碼:
local 70.8.7.6
說明: 有些 domain 被 GFW 封掉了, 這時, 如果要訪問這些網站, 應該將 server 上的 DNS push 到 client. 上面示例中的 dns ip: 70.88.98.10, 70.88.99.10, 可以在 /etc/resolv.conf 中找到: 代碼:
port 1194
proto udp
dev tun
ca /open***-2.0.5/easy-rsa/keys/ca.crt
cert /open***-2.0.5/easy-rsa/keys/server.crt
key /open***-2.0.5/easy-rsa/keys/server.key # This file should be kept secret
dh /open***-2.0.5/easy-rsa/keys/dh1024.pem
server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0
client-to-client
keepalive 10 120
comp-lzo
persist-key
persist-tun
status /open***-2.0.5/easy-rsa/keys/open***-status.log
verb 4
push "dhcp-option DNS 10.8.0.1"
push "dhcp-option DNS 70.88.98.10" # name server 地址, 如何獲取見隨後說明
push "dhcp-option DNS 70.88.99.11" # name server 地址, 如何獲取見隨後說明vi /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 70.88.98.10
nameserver 70.88.99.11 - Open*** 客戶端: client.o*** 代碼:
client
dev tun
proto udp
remote 70.8.7.6 1194
persist-key
persist-tun
ca ca.crt
cert client1.crt
key client1.key
ns-cert-type server
comp-lzo
verb 3
redirect-gateway def1
五. Open*** 訪問外網的設置
- 打開路由 ***連接成功後, 還需要設置路由, 才能透過***訪問Internet. 在 linux host 上添加路由: 代碼:
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j SNAT --to-source 70.8.7.6
不同的機器，-o eth0 參數可能不一樣，具體可輸入 ifconfig 查看，搞清 ip(70.8.7.6)所在的網卡號.
/etc/init.d/iptables save
/etc/init.d/iptables restart同時, 需要將 ip forward 打開. 不要用 echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward 的方式, 這種方式重啓後無效. 先查看一下:代碼:
如果你的主機上列數值不是爲1, 則要將其改成1, 例如:
sysctl -a | grep for
#查看結果:
net.ipv4.conf.tun0.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.tun0.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.eth0.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.eth0.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.lo.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1代碼:sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
依此類推. - 開啓域名服務器 如果你需要訪問一些已經被GFW封掉了域名的網站, 但你的 Open*** 服務器沒有被封的話，那麼你需要在你的主機上開啓 name server, 並將 dns push 給 client。 一般的獨立主機, 都帶有 private dns server.代碼:
rpm -qa | grep bind
另外, 必須保證 server.conf 配置中, 有這三個配置:
/etc/init.d/named start代碼:push "dhcp-option DNS 10.8.0.1"
當 client 連接成功後, 在 cmd 下執行 ipconfig /all, 應該有這類似這樣的輸出:
push "dhcp-option DNS 70.88.98.10" # name server 地址
push "dhcp-option DNS 70.88.99.11" # name server 地址代碼:Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection 3:
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :
Description . . . . . . . . . . . : TAP-Win32 Adapter V8
Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-FF-AA-B0-60-2B
Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes
Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes
IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.8.0.6
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.252
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.8.0.5
DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.8.0.5
DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.8.0.1
70.88.98.10
70.88.99.11
Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : 2006年5月25日 5:13:52
Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : 2007年5月25日 5:13:52
六. 設置 Open*** 服務器 reboot後自動啓動 open***
執行命令:代碼:
vi /etc/rc.local然後在最後面加入此行:
代碼:
/usr/local/sbin/open*** --config /usr/local/etc/server.conf > /dev/null 2>&1 &