基于伟大的 GFW 越来越牛Ｂ，网站的正常维护如 FTP、pop & smtp 的邮件收发、在 google 查技术资料，都经常被 GFW 强行断开。为了解决这个问题，于是我在自己的国外主机上安装了一个 Open***，当时记录了一下安装的经过。
今天正好又有一个朋友问及 Open*** 安装的事情，于是我重新整理一下这篇Linux 下 Open*** 安装和 Windows Open*** GUI 安装笔记(http://www.xiaohui.com/dev/server/20070514-install-open***.htm), 希望对大家有所帮助。
当时在安装 Open*** 的时候，得到了 WenZK 的指导帮助。在此表示感谢。
一. Open*** 安装环境
- Server 端的环境
- redhat, kernel版本: 2.4.20-31.9, IP 为 70.8.7.6
- kernel 需要支持 tun 设备, 需要加载 iptables 模块.
检查 tun 是否安装:
代码:root@a [/]# modinfo tun
如果没有 modinfo 命令, 直接找一下, 看看 kernel 里是否有 tun.o 文件:
filename: /lib/modules/2.4.20-31.9/kernel/drivers/net/tun.o
description:
author:
license: "GPL"
代码:find -name tun.o
检查iptables 模块, 查看是否有下列文件:
./lib/modules/2.4.20/kernel/drivers/net/tun.o
/etc/init.d/iptables - 安装的 Open*** 的版本: 2.0.5. 现在似乎已经有一个更新的版本了. 可在http://open***.net 上下载.
- Client 端的环境:
- Windows XP PRO SP2
- Open*** GUI For windows 1.0.3 , 可在 open***.se 下载
注意: Open*** GUI for windows 的版本要和 Open*** Server 的版本配套.
例如, 服务器装的是 Open*** 2.0.5, 那么下载的 Open*** GUI fow windows 应该是: open***-2.0.5-gui-1.0.3-install.exe
Open*** GUI的所有历史版本: http://open***.se/files/install_packages/
二. Open*** 服务端安装过程
http://www.xiaohui.com/dev/server/20070514-install-open***.htm- 用 SecureCRT 登录到 host, 进入根目录 代码:
cd /
- 下载 LZO，解压到lzo-2.02.
wget http://www.oberhumer.com/opensource/lzo/download/lzo-2.02.tar.gz
- 下载 Open***, 解压到open***-2.0.5 地址: http://open***.net/download.html 代码:
wget http://open***.net/release/open***-2.0.5.tar.gz
- 安装 LZO 代码:
cd /lzo-2.02
./configure
make
make check
make install - 安装 Open*** 代码:
cd /open***-2.0.5
./configure
# 或用指定dir: (注:下述命令, 应该在一行写完. 为了方便显示, 这里分成了四行)
# ./configure --with-lzo-headers=/usr/local/include
# --with-lzo-lib=/usr/local/lib
# --with-ssl-headers=/usr/local/include/openssl
# --with-ssl-lib=/usr/local/lib
make
make install - 生成证书Key 初始化 PKI(如果没有 export 命令也可以用 setenv [name] [value] 命令)代码:
cd /open***-2.0.5/easy-rsa
Build:
export D=`pwd`
export KEY_CONFIG=$D/openssl.cnf
export KEY_DIR=$D/keys
export KEY_SIZE=1024
export KEY_COUNTRY=CN
export KEY_PROVINCE=GD
export KEY_CITY=SZ
export KEY_ORG="dvdmaster"
export KEY_EMAIL="[email protected]"代码:./clean-all
# 建立 server key 代码: 代码:
./build-ca
Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
................++++++
........++++++
writing new private key to 'ca.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [CN]:
State or Province Name (full name) [GD]:
Locality Name (eg, city) [SZ]:
Organization Name (eg, company) [dvdmaster]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:dvdmaster
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:server
Email Address [[email protected]]:./build-key-server server
Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
......++++++
....................++++++
writing new private key to 'server.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [CN]:
State or Province Name (full name) [GD]:
Locality Name (eg, city) [SZ]:
Organization Name (eg, company) [dvdmaster]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:dvdmaster
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:server
Email Address [[email protected]]:
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:abcd1234
An optional company name []:dvdmaster
Using configuration from /open***-2.0.5/easy-rsa/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
The Subject's Distinguished Name is as follows
countryName :PRINTABLE:'CN'
stateOrProvinceName :PRINTABLE:'GD'
localityName :PRINTABLE:'SZ'
organizationName :PRINTABLE:'dvdmaster'
organizationalUnitName:PRINTABLE:'dvdmaster'
commonName :PRINTABLE:'server'
emailAddress :IA5STRING:'[email protected]'
Certificate is to be certified until Mar 19 08:15:31 2016 GMT (3650 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated#生成客户端 key代码:./build-key client1
Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
.....++++++
......++++++
writing new private key to 'client1.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [CN]:
State or Province Name (full name) [GD]:
Locality Name (eg, city) [SZ]:
Organization Name (eg, company) [dvdmaster]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:dvdmaster
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:client1 #重要: 每个不同的 client 生成的证书, 名字必须不同.
Email Address [[email protected]]:
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:abcd1234
An optional company name []:dvdmaster
Using configuration from /open***-2.0.5/easy-rsa/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
The Subject's Distinguished Name is as follows
countryName :PRINTABLE:'CN'
stateOrProvinceName :PRINTABLE:'GD'
localityName :PRINTABLE:'SZ'
organizationName :PRINTABLE:'dvdmaster'
organizationalUnitName:PRINTABLE:'dvdmaster'
commonName :PRINTABLE:'client1'
emailAddress :IA5STRING:'[email protected]'
Certificate is to be certified until Mar 19 08:22:00 2016 GMT (3650 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated依次类推生成其他客户端证书/key代码:./build-key client2
注意在进入 Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []: 的输入时, 每个证书输入的名字必须不同.
./build-key client3 - build: 代码:
./build-dh - 将 keys 下的所有文件打包下载到本地 代码:
tar -cf mykeys.tar /open***-2.0.5/easy-rsa/keys
将 mykeys.tar 移到 web public(绝对路径因人而异) 上, 然后用 http://www.a.com/mykeys.tar 方式将其下载到本地保存, 然后将其从server删除: 代码:
cp mykeys.tar /home/dvdmastersys/public_html/mykeys.tarrm /home/dvdmastersys/public_html/mykeys.tar
也可以用其他方法把 key file搞到本地，例如 ftp. - 创建服务端配置文件 从样例文件创建:代码:
cd $dir/sample-config-files/ # 进入源代码解压目录下的sample-config-files子目录
我建立的server.conf 的内容稍后另附.
cp server.conf /usr/local/etc # cp服务器配置文件到/usr/local/etc
vi /usr/local/etc/server.conf - 创建客户端配置文件 代码:
cd $dir/sample-config-files/ #进入源代码解压目录下的sample-config-files子目录
我建立的client.conf 的内容稍后另附.
cp client.conf /usr/local/etc #cp客户端配置文件到/usr/local/etc
vi /usr/local/etc/client.conf - 启动Open***: open*** [server config file] 代码:
/usr/local/sbin/open*** --config /usr/local/etc/server.conf
三. Open*** GUI For Windows 客户端安装过程
- 安装 Open*** GUI For Windows, 到 http://open***.se 下载. 目前的版本是 1.0.3. 注意: Open*** GUI 的版本要和 Open*** Server 的版本配套. 详见第一节一. 安装环境中的说明.
- 依屏幕指示安装open*** gui.
- 配置 open*** gui 安装结束后, 进入安装文件夹下的 config 目录, 然后将上面第 10 步建立的 client.conf 文件从 server 上下载到此文件夹, 并更名为 client.o***同时, 将第8 步打包的 mykeys.tar 中的下列证书文件解压到此文件夹:代码:
ca.crt
然后双击 client.o*** 即可启动 open***, 或者通过 Open*** GUI 的控制启动 ***.
ca.key
client1.crt
client1.csr
client1.key如果双击 client.o*** 没有反应, 则在任务栏点 Open*** GUI 的小图标右键, 选择 edit config, 将内容复制过去再保存. 然后再点右键中的 connect即可.如果需要第二台机器上使用 *** , 进行同样的配置, 只需要将 client1.crt, client1.csr, client1.key 换成对应的 client2.xxx 即可, 然后将 client.o*** 中的对应key文件值改掉.
四. Open*** 配置样例文件
- Open*** 服务端：server.conf 代码:
local 70.8.7.6
说明: 有些 domain 被 GFW 封掉了, 这时, 如果要访问这些网站, 应该将 server 上的 DNS push 到 client. 上面示例中的 dns ip: 70.88.98.10, 70.88.99.10, 可以在 /etc/resolv.conf 中找到: 代码:
port 1194
proto udp
dev tun
ca /open***-2.0.5/easy-rsa/keys/ca.crt
cert /open***-2.0.5/easy-rsa/keys/server.crt
key /open***-2.0.5/easy-rsa/keys/server.key # This file should be kept secret
dh /open***-2.0.5/easy-rsa/keys/dh1024.pem
server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0
client-to-client
keepalive 10 120
comp-lzo
persist-key
persist-tun
status /open***-2.0.5/easy-rsa/keys/open***-status.log
verb 4
push "dhcp-option DNS 10.8.0.1"
push "dhcp-option DNS 70.88.98.10" # name server 地址, 如何获取见随后说明
push "dhcp-option DNS 70.88.99.11" # name server 地址, 如何获取见随后说明vi /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 70.88.98.10
nameserver 70.88.99.11 - Open*** 客户端: client.o*** 代码:
client
dev tun
proto udp
remote 70.8.7.6 1194
persist-key
persist-tun
ca ca.crt
cert client1.crt
key client1.key
ns-cert-type server
comp-lzo
verb 3
redirect-gateway def1
五. Open*** 访问外网的设置
- 打开路由 ***连接成功后, 还需要设置路由, 才能透过***访问Internet. 在 linux host 上添加路由: 代码:
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j SNAT --to-source 70.8.7.6
不同的机器，-o eth0 参数可能不一样，具体可输入 ifconfig 查看，搞清 ip(70.8.7.6)所在的网卡号.
/etc/init.d/iptables save
/etc/init.d/iptables restart同时, 需要将 ip forward 打开. 不要用 echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward 的方式, 这种方式重启后无效. 先查看一下:代码:
如果你的主机上列数值不是为1, 则要将其改成1, 例如:
sysctl -a | grep for
#查看结果:
net.ipv4.conf.tun0.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.tun0.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.eth0.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.eth0.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.lo.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1代码:sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
依此类推. - 开启域名服务器 如果你需要访问一些已经被GFW封掉了域名的网站, 但你的 Open*** 服务器没有被封的话，那么你需要在你的主机上开启 name server, 并将 dns push 给 client。 一般的独立主机, 都带有 private dns server.代码:
rpm -qa | grep bind
另外, 必须保证 server.conf 配置中, 有这三个配置:
/etc/init.d/named start代码:push "dhcp-option DNS 10.8.0.1"
当 client 连接成功后, 在 cmd 下执行 ipconfig /all, 应该有这类似这样的输出:
push "dhcp-option DNS 70.88.98.10" # name server 地址
push "dhcp-option DNS 70.88.99.11" # name server 地址代码:Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection 3:
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :
Description . . . . . . . . . . . : TAP-Win32 Adapter V8
Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-FF-AA-B0-60-2B
Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes
Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes
IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.8.0.6
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.252
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.8.0.5
DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.8.0.5
DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.8.0.1
70.88.98.10
70.88.99.11
Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : 2006年5月25日 5:13:52
Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : 2007年5月25日 5:13:52
六. 设置 Open*** 服务器 reboot后自动启动 open***
执行命令:代码:
vi /etc/rc.local然后在最后面加入此行:
代码:
/usr/local/sbin/open*** --config /usr/local/etc/server.conf > /dev/null 2>&1 &