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二、Ansible基礎安裝與配置
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1、Ansible基礎安裝
(1)、python2.7安裝
https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.8/Python-2.7.8.tgz
# tar xvzf Python-2.7.8.tgz
# cd Python-2.7.8
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
# make --jobs=`grep processor/proc/cpuinfo | wc -l`
# make install
## 將python頭文件拷貝到標準目錄,以避免編譯ansible時,找不到所需的頭文件
# cd /usr/local/include/python2.7
# cp -a ./* /usr/local/include/
## 備份舊版本的python,並符號鏈接新版本的python
# cd /usr/bin
# mv python python2.6
# ln -s /usr/local/bin/python
## 修改yum腳本,使其指向舊版本的python,已避免其無法運行
# vim /usr/bin/yum
#!/usr/bin/python --> #!/usr/bin/python2.6
(2)、setuptools模塊安裝
https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-7.0.tar.gz
# tar xvzf setuptools-7.0.tar.gz
# cd setuptools-7.0
# python setup.py install
安裝可能會出現如下報錯: "Compression requires the (missing) zlib module" 出錯原因: 提示的很清楚,缺少 zlib模塊導致安裝失敗 # yum install zlib # yum install zlib-devel 下載成功後,進入python2.7的目錄,重新執行 #make #make install 此時先前執行的 軟連接仍舊生效 然後進入 setuptool目錄, # python setup.py install 重新安裝 參考鏈接:http://chengjianxiaoxue.iteye.com/blog/2095012 |
(3)、pycrypto模塊安裝
https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pycrypto/pycrypto-2.6.1.tar.gz
# tar xvzf pycrypto-2.6.1.tar.gz
# cd pycrypto-2.6.1
# python setup.py install
(4)、PyYAML模塊安裝
http://pyyaml.org/download/libyaml/yaml-0.1.5.tar.gz
# tar xvzf yaml-0.1.5.tar.gz
# cd yaml-0.1.5
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
# make --jobs=`grep processor/proc/cpuinfo | wc -l`
# make install
https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/P/PyYAML/PyYAML-3.11.tar.gz
# tar xvzf PyYAML-3.11.tar.gz
# cd PyYAML-3.11
# python setup.py install
(5)、Jinja2模塊安裝
https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/M/MarkupSafe/MarkupSafe-0.9.3.tar.gz
# tar xvzf MarkupSafe-0.9.3.tar.gz
# cd MarkupSafe-0.9.3
# python setup.py install
https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/J/Jinja2/Jinja2-2.7.3.tar.gz
# tar xvzf Jinja2-2.7.3.tar.gz
# cd Jinja2-2.7.3
# python setup.py install
(6)、paramiko模塊安裝
https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/e/ecdsa/ecdsa-0.11.tar.gz
# tar xvzf ecdsa-0.11.tar.gz
# cd ecdsa-0.11
# python setup.py install
https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/paramiko/paramiko-1.15.1.tar.gz
# tar xvzf paramiko-1.15.1.tar.gz
# cd paramiko-1.15.1
# python setup.py install
(7)、simplejson模塊安裝
https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/simplejson/simplejson-3.6.5.tar.gz
# tar xvzf simplejson-3.6.5.tar.gz
# cd simplejson-3.6.5
# python setup.py install
(8)、ansible安裝
https://github.com/ansible/ansible/archive/v1.7.2.tar.gz
# tar xvzf ansible-1.7.2.tar.gz
# cd ansible-1.7.2
# python setup.py install
2、Ansible配置
(1)、SSH免密鑰登錄設置
## 生成公鑰/私鑰
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ''
[root@node01 ansible-1.7.2]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -P '' Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Created directory '/root/.ssh'. Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: ed:c6:c5:bf:bf:56:39:53:5c:54:99:b4:a3:e0:9b:9e [email protected] The key's randomart p_w_picpath is: +--[ RSA 2048]----+ | .o*| | oo| | . +.| | .... . +| | S ..o. o| | o .o. +.| | +o . +| | .. . o | | E ooo| +-----------------+ |
## 寫入信任文件(將/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub分發到其他服務器,並在所有服務器上執行如下指令):
# cat /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
# chmod 600 /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
或通過如下命令設置信任 ssh-copy-id [email protected] ssh-copy-id [email protected] ssh-copy-id [email protected] |
## 主機組定義
# vim /etc/ansible/hosts
[node_test]
192.168.99.135
192.168.99.136
192.168.99.137
(2)、ansible配置
# mkdir -p /etc/ansible
# cp /data/ansible-1.7.2/examples/ansible.cfg /etc/ansible/
# mv ansible.cfg ansible.cfg.bak
# cat ansible.cfg.bak |grep -v '^#'|grep -v '^$' > ansible.cfg
# vim /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
……
remote_port = 36000
private_key_file = /root/.ssh/id_rsa
……
(3)、簡單測試
# ansible node_test -m command -a 'uptime'
192.168.99.135 | success | rc=0 >>
00:46:23 up 1:40, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.03
192.168.99.137 | success | rc=0 >>
00:43:43 up 1:44, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.00
192.168.99.136 | success | rc=0 >>
00:46:24 up 1:40, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
3、常用模塊使用
(1)、setup
## 用來查看遠程主機的一些基本信息
# ansible node_test -m setup
# ansible node_test -m setup 192.168.99.135 | success >> { "ansible_facts": { "ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [ "192.168.99.135" ], "ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [ "fe80::a00:27ff:febb:8c4" ], "ansible_architecture": "x86_64", "ansible_bios_date": "12/01/2006", "ansible_bios_version": "VirtualBox", "ansible_cmdline": { "KEYBOARDTYPE": "pc", "KEYTABLE": "us", "LANG": "en_US.UTF-8", "SYSFONT": "latarcyrheb-sun16", "nomodeset": true, "quiet": true, "rd_LVM_LV": "vg_node01/lv_swap", "rd_NO_DM": true, "rd_NO_LUKS": true, "rd_NO_MD": true, "rhgb": true, "ro": true, "root": "/dev/mapper/vg_node01-lv_root" }, ..............以下代碼省略........................ |
(2)、ping
## 用來測試遠程主機的運行狀態
# ansible node_test -m ping
# ansible node_test -m ping 192.168.99.137 | success >> { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } 192.168.99.136 | success >> { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } 192.168.99.135 | success >> { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } |
(3)、file
## 設置文件的屬性
相關選項如下:
force:需要在兩種情況下強制創建軟鏈接,一種是源文件不存在,但之後會建立的情況下;另一種是目標軟鏈接已存在,需要先取消之前的軟鏈,然後創建新的軟鏈,有兩個選項:yes|no
group:定義文件/目錄的屬組
mode:定義文件/目錄的權限
owner:定義文件/目錄的屬主
path:必選項,定義文件/目錄的路徑
recurse:遞歸設置文件的屬性,只對目錄有效
src:被鏈接的源文件路徑,只應用於state=link的情況
dest:被鏈接到的路徑,只應用於state=link的情況
state:
directory:如果目錄不存在,就創建目錄
file:即使文件不存在,也不會被創建
link:創建軟鏈接
hard:創建硬鏈接
touch:如果文件不存在,則會創建一個新的文件,如果文件或目錄已存在,則更新其最後修改時間
absent:刪除目錄、文件或者取消鏈接文件
示例:
## 遠程文件信息查看
# ansible node_test -m command -a "ls -al /etc/resolv.conf" 192.168.99.137 | success | rc=0 >> -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 24 Dec 13 21:46 /etc/resolv.conf 192.168.99.136 | success | rc=0 >> -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 24 Dec 13 22:53 /etc/resolv.conf 192.168.99.135 | success | rc=0 >> -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 24 Dec 13 21:46 /etc/resolv.conf |
(4)、copy
## 複製文件到遠程主機
相關選項如下:
backup:在覆蓋之前,將源文件備份,備份文件包含時間信息。有兩個選項:yes|no
content:用於替代“src”,可以直接設定指定文件的值
dest:必選項。要將源文件複製到的遠程主機的絕對路徑,如果源文件是一個目錄,那麼該路徑也必須是個目錄
directory_mode:遞歸設定目錄的權限,默認爲系統默認權限
force:如果目標主機包含該文件,但內容不同,如果設置爲yes,則強制覆蓋,如果爲no,則只有當目標主機的目標位置不存在該文件時,才複製。默認爲yes
others:所有的file模塊裏的選項都可以在這裏使用
src:被複制到遠程主機的本地文件,可以是絕對路徑,也可以是相對路徑。如果路徑是一個目錄,它將遞歸複製。在這種情況下,如果路徑使用“/”來結尾,則只複製目錄裏的內容,如果沒有使用“/”來結尾,則包含目錄在內的整個內容全部複製,類似於rsync。
示例:
## 將本地文件“/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg”複製到遠程服務器
# ansible node_test -m copy -a "src=/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg dest=/tmp/ansible.cfg owner=root group=root mode=0644"
# ansible node_test -m copy -a "src=/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg dest=/tmp/ansible.cfg owner=root group=root mode=0644" 192.168.99.136 | success >> { "changed": true, "dest": "/tmp/ansible.cfg", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "911794bbcff5972ab85453b3e908ae2c", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "size": 985, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1481648746.59-118495159801866/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0 } 192.168.99.137 | success >> { "changed": true, "dest": "/tmp/ansible.cfg", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "911794bbcff5972ab85453b3e908ae2c", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "size": 985, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1481648746.66-138434971921270/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0 } 192.168.99.135 | success >> { "changed": true, "dest": "/tmp/ansible.cfg", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "911794bbcff5972ab85453b3e908ae2c", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "size": 985, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1481648746.62-80555080662498/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0 } 驗證: # ansible node_test -m command -a "ls -al /tmp/ansible.cfg" 192.168.99.136 | success | rc=0 >> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 985 Dec 14 01:05 /tmp/ansible.cfg 192.168.99.137 | success | rc=0 >> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 985 Dec 14 01:03 /tmp/ansible.cfg 192.168.99.135 | success | rc=0 >> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 985 Dec 14 01:05 /tmp/ansible.cfg |
(5)、command
## 在遠程主機上執行命令
相關選項如下:
creates:一個文件名,當該文件存在,則該命令不執行
free_form:要執行的linux指令
chdir:在執行指令之前,先切換到該目錄
removes:一個文件名,當該文件不存在,則該選項不執行
executable:切換shell來執行指令,該執行路徑必須是一個絕對路徑
示例:
# ansible node_test -m command -a "uptime"
# ansible node_test -m command -a "uptime" 192.168.99.136 | success | rc=0 >> 01:09:24 up 2:03, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 192.168.99.137 | success | rc=0 >> 01:06:43 up 2:07, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 192.168.99.135 | success | rc=0 >> 01:09:23 up 2:03, 2 users, load average: 0.32, 0.07, 0.02 |
(6)、shell
## 切換到某個shell執行指定的指令,參數與command相同。
與command不同的是,此模塊可以支持命令管道,同時還有另一個模塊也具備此功能:raw
示例:
## 先在本地創建一個SHELL腳本
# vim /tmp/test.sh
#!/bin/sh
date +%F_%H:%M:%S
#chmod +x /tmp/rocketzhang_test.sh
## 將創建的腳本文件分發到遠程
# ansible node_test -m copy -a "src=/tmp/rocketzhang_test.sh dest=/tmp/rocketzhang_test.sh owner=root group=root mode=0755"
# ansible node_test -m copy -a "src=/tmp/test.sh dest=/tmp/test.sh owner=root group=root mode=0755" 192.168.99.136 | success >> { "changed": true, "dest": "/tmp/test.sh", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "6097884da6d269fc48b4f8110d8ed592", "mode": "0755", "owner": "root", "size": 28, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1481649175.38-136149173793514/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0 } 192.168.99.137 | success >> { "changed": true, "dest": "/tmp/test.sh", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "6097884da6d269fc48b4f8110d8ed592", "mode": "0755", "owner": "root", "size": 28, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1481649175.37-73834225757834/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0 } 192.168.99.135 | success >> { "changed": false, "dest": "/tmp/test.sh", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "6097884da6d269fc48b4f8110d8ed592", "mode": "0755", "owner": "root", "path": "/tmp/test.sh", "size": 28, "state": "file", "uid": 0 } |
## 遠程執行
# ansible node_test -m shell -a "/tmp/rocketzhang_test.sh"
# ansible node_test -m shell -a "hostname;/tmp/test.sh" 192.168.99.136 | success | rc=0 >> node02.example.com 2016-12-14_01:14:32 192.168.99.135 | success | rc=0 >> node01.example.com 2016-12-14_01:14:32 192.168.99.137 | success | rc=0 >> node03.example.com 2016-12-14_01:11:51 |
(7)、更多模塊
其他常用模塊,比如:service、cron、yum、synchronize就不一一例舉,可以結合自身的系統環境進行測試。
service:系統服務管理
cron:計劃任務管理
yum:yum軟件包安裝管理
synchronize:使用rsync同步文件
user:系統用戶管理
group:系統用戶組管理
更多模塊可以參考:
#ansible-doc –l
# ansible-doc -l acl Sets and retrieves file ACL information. add_host add a host (and alternatively a group) to the ansible-playbo airbrake_deployment Notify airbrake about app deployments alternatives Manages alternative programs for common commands apache2_module enables/disables a module of the Apache2 webserver apt Manages apt-packages apt_key Add or remove an apt key apt_repository Add and remove APT repositories apt_rpm apt_rpm package manager arista_interface Manage physical Ethernet interfaces arista_l2interface Manage layer 2 interfaces arista_lag Manage port channel (lag) interfaces arista_vlan Manage VLAN resources assemble Assembles a configuration file from fragments assert Fail with custom message at Schedule the execution of a command or script file via the a authorized_key Adds or removes an SSH authorized key azure create or terminate a virtual machine in azure bigip_facts Collect facts from F5 BIG-IP devices bigip_monitor_http Manages F5 BIG-IP LTM http monitors bigip_monitor_tcp Manages F5 BIG-IP LTM tcp monitors bigip_node Manages F5 BIG-IP LTM nodes bigip_pool Manages F5 BIG-IP LTM pools |
http://docs.ansible.com/modules_by_category.html
(8)、一些概念補充
playbook的組成:playbook是由一個或多個“play”組成的列表,可以讓它們聯同起來按事先編排的機制執行;所謂task無非是調用ansible的一個module,而在模塊參數中可以使用變量;模塊執行是冪等的,這意味着多次執行是安全的,因爲其結果均一致;
執行模型:task list中的各任務按次序逐個在hosts中指定的所有主機上執行,即在所有主機上完成第一個任務後再開始第二個。在順序運行某playbook時,如果中途發生錯誤,所有已執行任務都將回滾,因此,在修改playbook後重新執行一次即可;
task組成:每個task都應該有其name,用於playbook的執行結果輸出,建議其內容儘可能清晰地描述任務執行步驟。如果未提供name,則action的結果將用於輸出;
notify指定handler的執行機制:“notify”這個action可用於在每個play的最後被觸發,在notify中列出的操作稱爲handler,僅在所有的變化發生完成後一次性地執行指定操作。
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三、後續工作
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1、深入學習ansible的playbook以及擴展模塊;
2、 結合業務環境,初步實現基礎監控,以取代目前調用自動化部署平臺API的方式;
3、 嘗試自動化運維工具saltstack,並將其與ansible進行對比。
學習資料:
http://www.ansible.com.cn/docs/intro_installation.html
http://blog.xiaorui.cc/category/ansible/
http://lixcto.blog.51cto.com/4834175/d-4
https://github.com/ansible/ansible-examples
http://rfyiamcool.blog.51cto.com/1030776/d-51
http://dl528888.blog.51cto.com/2382721/d-4/p-1
http://edu.51cto.com/course/course_id-2220.html
http://edu.51cto.com/course/course_id-2032.html
http://www.shencan.net/index.php/category/%e8%87%aa%e5%8a%a8%e5%8c%96%e8%bf%90%e7%bb%b4/ansible/
原文鏈接:http://sofar.blog.51cto.com/353572/1579894/