Nagios
1.1 Nagios簡介
Nagios是一個監視系統運行狀態和網絡信息的監視系統。Nagios能監視所指定的本地或遠程主機以及服務,同時提供異常通知功能等。[1]
Nagios可運行在Linux/Unix平臺之上,同時提供一個可選的基於瀏覽器的WEB界面以方便系統管理人員查看網絡狀態,各種系統問題,以及日誌等等。
Nagios 可以監控的功能有:
1、監控網絡服務(SMTP、POP3、HTTP、NNTP、PING等);
2、監控主機資源(處理器負荷、磁盤利用率等);
3、簡單地插件設計使得用戶可以方便地擴展自己服務的檢測方法;
4、並行服務檢查機制;
5、具備定義網絡分層結構的能力,用"parent"主機定義來表達網絡主機間的關係,這種關係可被用來發現和明晰主機宕機或不可達狀態;
6、當服務或主機問題產生與解決時將告警發送給聯繫人(通過EMail、短信、用戶定義方式);
7、可以定義一些處理程序,使之能夠在服務或者主機發生故障時起到預防作用;
8、自動的日誌滾動功能;
9、可以支持並實現對主機的冗餘監控;
10、可選的WEB界面用於查看當前的網絡狀態、通知和故障歷史、日誌文件等;[1]
11、可以通過手機查看系統監控信息;
系統的安裝
1.2 環境設置
同步時間:
crontab –e
*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate pool.ntp.org>/dev/null 2>&1
關閉防火牆:
/etc/init.d/iptables stop
關閉selinux:
[root@olwang-2 etc]# getenforce
Disabled
1.3 服務器端安裝:
建立用戶和組:
# useradd -s /sbin/nologin nagios
# mkdir /usr/local/nagios
# chown -R nagios.nagios /usr/local/nagios
並將nagios以及apache用戶加入到nagcmd組中,確保nagios和apache有權限:
# groupadd nagcmd
# usermod –G nagcmd nagios
# usermod –G nagcmd apache
安裝lamp:
yum -y install httpd mysql-server perl-DBI perl-DBD-MySQL php php-devel php-mysqlphp-snmp php-pdo php-gd lm_sensors net-snmp net-snmp-libs net-snmp-utilsnet-snmp-devel
依賴庫的安裝:
yum install gccyum install gcc glibc glibc-common-y
yum install gd gd-devel -y
安裝nagios:
tar xf nagios.tar.gz
cd nagios
./configure --with-command-group=nagcmd
make all
make install
make install-init
make install-commandmode
make install-config
make install-webconf
/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v/usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
當以上安裝完畢以後就可以在web界面看到ngios了
1.3.1 安裝插件
1.3.1.1 安裝插件nagios-plugs
cd nagios-plugins-1.4.16
./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios--with-nagios-group=nagios --enable-perl-modules --with-mysql
Make
Make install
檢查插件
ls /usr/local/nagios/libexec/|wc –l
59
1.3.1.2 安裝nrpe插件
,這個插件式客戶端的插件,因爲服務器這臺機器也要監控,所以這臺機器我們也裝上。
tar xf nrpe-2.12.tar.gz
cd nrpe-2.12
./configure
make all
make install-plugin
make install-daemon
make install-daemon-config
ls /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe
ls /usr/local/nagios/libexec/|wc –l
60
1.3.1.3 其他插件安裝
tar xf Class-Accessor-0.31.tar.gz
cd Class-Accessor-0.31
perl Makefile.PL
make
make install
#
tar xf Config-Tiny-2.12.tar.gz
cd Config-Tiny-2.12
perl Makefile.PL
make
make install
cd ..
###
tar xf Math-Calc-Units-1.07.tar.gz
cd Math-Calc-Units-1.07
perl Makefile.PL
make
make install
cd ..
#
tar xf Nagios-Plugin-0.34.tar.gz
cd Nagios-Plugin-0.34
perl Makefile.PL
make
make install
cd ..
#################
tar xf Params-Validate-0.91.tar.gz
cd Params-Validate-0.91
perl Makefile.PL
make
make install
cd ..
####
tar xf Regexp-Common-2010010201.tar.gz
cd Regexp-Common-2010010201
perl Makefile.PL
make
make install
1.3.2 配置並啓動nagios服務
chkconfig nagios on
/etc/init.d/nagios start
echo "/etc/init.d/nagios start">>/etc/rc.local
配置文件驗證:
[root@olwang-2 nrpe-2.12]# /etc/init.d/nagioscheckconfig
Running configuration check... OK.
1.4 客戶端安裝:
1.4.1 環境準備
同步時間:
crontab –e
*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate pool.ntp.org>/dev/null 2>&1
關閉防火牆:
/etc/init.d/iptables stop
關閉selinux:
[root@olwang-2 etc]# getenforce
Disabled
創建用戶:
useradd nagios -M -s /sbin/nologin
安裝依賴庫:
yum install perl-devel perl-CPAN openssl-devel -y
1.4.2 插件的安裝
1.4.2.1 nagios-plugins安裝
tar xf nagios-plugins-1.4.16.tar.gz
cd nagios-plugins-1.4.16
./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios--with-nagios-group=nagios --enable-perl-modules --with-mysql
make
make install
cd ..
插件檢查
[root@olwang-2 ~]# ls /usr/local/nagios/libexec/|wc-l
62
1.4.2.2 Nrpe安裝
tar xf nrpe-2.12.tar.gz
cd nrpe-2.12
./configure
make all
make install-daemon
make install-daemon-config
make install-plugin
1.4.2.3 Class-Accessor安裝
tar xf Class-Accessor-0.31.tar.gz
cd Class-Accessor-0.31
perl Makefile.PL
make
make install
#
tar xf Config-Tiny-2.12.tar.gz
cd Config-Tiny-2.12
perl Makefile.PL
make
make install
cd ..
###
tar xf Math-Calc-Units-1.07.tar.gz
cd Math-Calc-Units-1.07
perl Makefile.PL
make
make install
cd ..
#
tar xf Nagios-Plugin-0.34.tar.gz
cd Nagios-Plugin-0.34
perl Makefile.PL
make
make install
cd ..
#################
tar xf Params-Validate-0.91.tar.gz
cd Params-Validate-0.91
perl Makefile.PL
make
make install
cd ..
####
tar xfRegexp-Common-2010010201.tar.gz
cd Regexp-Common-2010010201
perl Makefile.PL
make
make install
1.4.3 生成登陸web的密碼
htpasswd -bc /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.usersusername password
1.4.4 客戶端nrpe啓動腳本:
chmod +x /etc/init.d/nrpe
[root@olwang-2 etc]# cat /etc/init.d/nrpe
#/bin/sh
Usage(){
echo "pls input (start|stop|restart)"
}
case $1 in
start)
/usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d
;;
stop)
pkill nrpe
;;
restart)
pkill nrpe
/usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d
;;
*)
Usage
esac
1.5 服務器端配置文件
下面目錄中的文件只是重要的幾個 不是全部。其他不重要的就不在這裏列舉了。
[root@olwang ngios]# tree/usr/local/nagios/etc/
|--cgi.cfg 配置一些用戶權限的文件
|--htpasswd.users 保存用戶名和密碼的文件
|--nagios.cfg
|--nrpe.cfg 這個文件主要是來配置nrpe模塊的具體命令,以及設置語序訪問的服務器ip
|--objects 項目目錄
| |-- commands.cfg 命令模板
| |-- contacts.cfg 配置郵件
| |-- hosts.cfg 配置客戶端的信息
| |-- services
| |-- templates.cfg 模板
/usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
增加以下幾行
cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/hosts.cfg
cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/services.cfg
cfg_dir=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/services
註釋掉下面一行,此行是監控本地機器的
修改配置文件cgi.cfg
此文件解決nagiosweb界面不顯示服務的問題。
[root@olwang-2 etc]# sed -i's#nagiosadmin#oldboy#g' cgi.cfg
[root@olwang-2 etc]# grep oldboy cgi.cfg
authorized_for_system_information=oldboy
authorized_for_configuration_information=oldboy
authorized_for_system_commands=oldboy
authorized_for_all_services=oldboy
authorized_for_all_hosts=oldboy
authorized_for_all_service_commands=oldboy
authorized_for_all_host_commands=oldboy
添加以下文件並給權限
cd objects/
head -51 localhost.cfg >hosts.cfg
chown nagios.nagios hosts.cfg
touch services.cfg
chown nagios.nagios services.cfg
mkdir services
chown nagios.nagios services
配置文件hosts.cfg
# Define a host for the local machine
define host{
use linux-server
host_name olwang-1
alias nagios-client-2
address 192.168.5.130
max_check_attempts 3
normal_check_interval 2
process_perf_data 1
action_url /nagios/pnp/index.php?host=$HOSTNAME$
}
define host{
use linux-server host_name olwang
alias nagios-server
address 192.168.5.129
max_check_attempts 3
normal_check_interval 2
process_perf_data 1
action_url /nagios/pnp/index.php?host=$HOSTNAME$
}
define host{
use linux-server
host_name olwang-2
alias nagios-client-2
address 192.168.5.131
max_check_attempts 3
normal_check_interval 2
process_perf_data 1
action_url /nagios/pnp/index.php?host=$HOSTNAME$
}
#
# HOST GROUP DEFINITION
define hostgroup{
hostgroup_name linux-servers ;The name of the hostgroup
alias Linux Servers ; Long name of thegroup
members olwang,olwang-1,olwang-2
}
添加監控模板
配置文件commands.cfg
#'check_nrpe'
define command{
command_name check_nrpe
command_line $USER1$/check_nrpe-H "$HOSTADDRESS$" -c $ARG1$ -t 30
}
#'check_mem'
define command{
command_name check_mem
command_line $USER1$/check_mem-w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$
}
#'check_iostat'
define command{
command_name check_iostat
command_line $USER1$/check_iostat -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$
}
define command{
command_name check_weburl
command_line $USER1$/check_http$ARG1$ -w 10 -c 30
}
1.6 客戶端配置文件修改
設置服務器端的ip
77 # NOTE: This option is ignored if NRPE is running under either inetdor xinetd
78
79 allowed_hosts=192.168.5.129
這裏註釋掉199-203,添加205-209.(針對主機性能的監控)
199#command[check_users]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_users -w 5 -c 10
200#command[check_load]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_load-w 15,10,5 -c 30,25,20
201#command[check_hda1]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk -w 20% -c 10% -p/dev/hda1
202#command[check_zombie_procs]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_procs -w 5 -c 10-s Z
203#command[check_total_procs]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_procs -w 150 -c 200
204
205command[check_load]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_load -w 15,10,5 -c 30,25,20
206command[check_disk]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk -w 15% -c 7% -p /
207command[check_swap]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_swap-w 20% -c 10%
208command[check_iostat]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_iostat -w 6 -c 10
209command[check_mem]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_memory.pl -w 10% -c 3%
啓動客戶端守護進程
/usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c/usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg –d