1.更改Mysql的root密碼
①將mysql的路徑寫入PATH變量（如果需要永久生效則要寫入/etc/profile文件中）
[root@test_02 ~]# export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/ [root@test_02 ~]# vim /etc/profile
②創建root用戶密碼
[root@test_02 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password "P@ssw0rd"
創建密碼後使用mysql -uroot則無法進入系統，需要加上-p選項及密碼，通過驗證後纔可以進入mysql
[root@test_02 ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO) [root@test_02 ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -pP@ssw0rd Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 4 Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
③在知道舊密碼前提下修改root用戶密碼
[root@test_02 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'p@sw0rd' password 'p@ssw0rd' Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@test_02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'p@ssw0rd' Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 10 Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
④在忘記舊密碼的前提下修改root密碼
Ⅰ：修改/etc/my.cnf文件，在mysql部分添加“skip-grant”。
然後重啓mysql服務。重啓完成後可以忽略用戶驗證而直接將納入數據庫
[root@test_02 ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf [root@test_02 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL... SUCCESS! Starting MySQL......... SUCCESS! [root@test_02 ~]# mysql -uroot Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
Ⅱ：修改user表信息
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> update user set password=password('P@ssw0rd') where user='root';
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 4 Changed: 4 Warnings: 0 Ⅲ：修改etc/my.cnf文件將第Ⅰ步中計入的內容刪除，並重啓服務連接mysql驗證
[root@test_02 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [root@test_02 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! [root@test_02 ~]# mysql -uroot ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO) [root@test_02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'P@ssw0rd' Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
2.Mysql的不同連接方式
①使用用戶密碼登錄
[root@test_02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'P@ssw0rd' Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 4 Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
②指定IP及端口號
[root@test_02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'P@ssw0rd' -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> quit
③指定接口（僅適用於本地連接）
[root@test_02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'P@ssw0rd' -S/tmp/mysql.sock Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 6 Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
3.Mysql常用命令
①查詢數據庫
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
②切換數據庫
mysql> use mysql Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql>
③查看數據庫中的表
mysql> show tables -> ; +---------------------------+ | Tables_in_mysql | +---------------------------+ | columns_priv | | db | | event | | func | | general_log | | help_category | | help_keyword | | help_relation | | help_topic | | innodb_index_stats | | innodb_table_stats | | ndb_binlog_index | | plugin | | proc | | procs_priv | | proxies_priv | | servers | | slave_master_info | | slave_relay_log_info | | slave_worker_info | | slow_log | | tables_priv | | time_zone | | time_zone_leap_second | | time_zone_name | | time_zone_transition | | time_zone_transition_type | | user | +---------------------------+ 28 rows in set (0.00 sec)
④查看錶中字段
mysql> desc user;
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
| Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | |
| User | char(16) | NO | PRI | | |
| Password | char(41) | NO | | | |
| Select_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Insert_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Update_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Delete_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Drop_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Reload_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Shutdown_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Process_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| File_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Grant_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| References_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Index_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Alter_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Show_db_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Super_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_tmp_table_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Lock_tables_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Execute_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Repl_slave_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Repl_client_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_view_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Show_view_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_routine_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Alter_routine_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_user_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Event_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Trigger_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_tablespace_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| ssl_type | enum('','ANY','X509','SPECIFIED') | NO | | | |
| ssl_cipher | blob | NO | | NULL | |
| x509_issuer | blob | NO | | NULL | |
| x509_subject | blob | NO | | NULL | |
| max_questions | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| max_updates | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| max_connections | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| max_user_connections | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| plugin | char(64) | YES | | mysql_native_password | |
| authentication_string | text | YES | | NULL | |
| password_expired | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
43 rows in set (0.00 sec)⑤查看建表語句
mysql> show create table user\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: user
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `user` (
`Host` char(60) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`User` char(16) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`Password` char(41) CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`Select_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Insert_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Update_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Delete_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Create_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Drop_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Reload_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Shutdown_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Process_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`File_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Grant_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`References_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Index_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Alter_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Show_db_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Super_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Create_tmp_table_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Lock_tables_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Execute_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Repl_slave_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Repl_client_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Create_view_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Show_view_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Create_routine_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Alter_routine_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Create_user_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Event_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Trigger_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Create_tablespace_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`ssl_type` enum('','ANY','X509','SPECIFIED') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`ssl_cipher` blob NOT NULL,
`x509_issuer` blob NOT NULL,
`x509_subject` blob NOT NULL,
`max_questions` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`max_updates` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`max_connections` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`max_user_connections` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`plugin` char(64) COLLATE utf8_bin DEFAULT 'mysql_native_password',
`authentication_string` text COLLATE utf8_bin,
`password_expired` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
PRIMARY KEY (`Host`,`User`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin COMMENT='Users and global privileges'
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
mysql>⑥查看當前用戶
mysql> select user(); +----------------+ | user() | +----------------+ | root@localhost | +----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
⑦查看當前使用的數據庫
mysql> select database(); +------------+ | database() | +------------+ | mysql | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
⑧創建數據庫
mysql> create database db1; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
⑨創建表tb1
此處定義了標的內容，id爲長度爲4以內的整型數字，name爲長度爲40以內的字符串
mysql> use db1; Database changed mysql> create table t1(`id` int(4), `name` char(40)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
⑩查看數據庫版本
mysql> select version(); +-----------+ | version() | +-----------+ | 5.6.35 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
⑪查詢最大連接數
mysql> show variables like 'max_connect%'; +--------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------+-------+ | max_connect_errors | 100 | | max_connections | 151 | +--------------------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
⑫查看隊列
mysql> show processlist; +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | 13 | root | localhost | db1 | Query | 0 | init | show processlist | +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show full processlist; +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+ | 13 | root | localhost | db1 | Query | 0 | init | show full processlist | +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
4.Mysql用戶管理
該新建用戶的語句表示將所有權限賦予本地用戶user1，並將密碼設置爲123456a
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'user1'@'localhost' identified by '123456a'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye
使用新建用戶連接測試
[root@test_02 ~]# mysql -uuser1 -p123456a Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 19 Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
使用show grants查看授權信息
mysql> show grants; +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for user1@localhost | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'user1'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*B012E8731FF1DF44F3D8B26837708985278C3CED' | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
5.常用sql語句
①查看錶的行數
mysql> select count(*) from mysql.user; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 8 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
②查看錶內的全部內容
mysql> select * from mysql.db\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Host: % Db: test User: Select_priv: Y Insert_priv: Y Update_priv: Y Delete_priv: Y Create_priv: Y Drop_priv: Y Grant_priv: N References_priv: Y Index_priv: Y Alter_priv: Y Create_tmp_table_priv: Y Lock_tables_priv: Y Create_view_priv: Y Show_view_priv: Y Create_routine_priv: Y Alter_routine_priv: N Execute_priv: N Event_priv: Y Trigger_priv: Y *************************** 2. row *************************** Host: % Db: test\_% User: Select_priv: Y Insert_priv: Y Update_priv: Y Delete_priv: Y Create_priv: Y Drop_priv: Y Grant_priv: N References_priv: Y Index_priv: Y Alter_priv: Y Create_tmp_table_priv: Y Lock_tables_priv: Y Create_view_priv: Y Show_view_priv: Y Create_routine_priv: Y Alter_routine_priv: N Execute_priv: N Event_priv: Y Trigger_priv: Y 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
③查看錶中字段
mysql> select db,user from mysql.db; +---------+------+ | db | user | +---------+------+ | test | | | test\_% | | +---------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
④模糊匹配
mysql> select * from mysql.db where host like '192.168.%'; Empty set (0.10 sec)
⑤在表中插入字符
mysql> insert into db1.t1 values (1, 'abc'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.10 sec) mysql> select * from db1.t1; +------+------+ | id | name | +------+------+ | 1 | abc | +------+------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
⑥更新表中值
mysql> update db1.t1 set name='aaa' where id=1; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from db1.t1; +------+------+ | id | name | +------+------+ | 1 | aaa | +------+------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
⑦清空表
mysql> truncate table db1.t1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> select * from db1.t1; Empty set (0.00 sec)
⑧刪除表
mysql> drop table db1.t1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> select * from db1.t1; ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'db1.t1' doesn't exist
6.Mysql數據備份
①將數據庫內容備份爲一個文件
[root@test_02 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pP@ssw0rd mysql > /tmp/mysqlbak.sql Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
②創建mysql2數據庫，並將備份的數據文件會複製數據庫mysql2
[root@test_02 ~]# mysql -uroot -pP@ssw0rd -e "create database mysql2" Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@test_02 ~]# mysql -uroot -pP@ssw0rd mysql2 < /tmp/mysqlbak.sql Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
③備份表
[root@test_02 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pP@ssw0rd mysql user > /tmp/mysql_userbak.sql Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
④恢復表
[root@test_02 ~]# mysql -uroot -pP@ssw0rd mysql2 < /tmp/mysql_userbak.sql Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
⑤備份所有庫
[root@test_02 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pP@ssw0rd -A > /tmp/mysql_allbak.sql Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
⑥使用-d選項，只備份數據庫的表結構，不備份數據
[root@test_02 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pP@ssw0rd -d mysql2 > /tmp/mysql2.sql Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.