實驗樓學習筆記。
任務
實現 shell 腳本監控系統的各項參數,並可以將腳本加入系統環境中,可以直接在終端裏執行。還添加了幾個參數,一個腳本可以執行不同的操作。
涉及知識點
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Bash 腳本編程
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如何獲取 Linux 系統信息
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如何實時獲取 Linux 資源使用率
準備環節
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vim編輯器
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shell解釋器(linux自帶)
要實現的功能需求
-
通過腳本查看系統的使用情況,實現對linux的系統監控。
-
將寫好的腳本加入系統環境,開啓終端即可使用
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給腳本添加參數,可以實現不同的操作。
1、主要命令
☆ 查看內存 ------- free
☆ 查看磁盤 ------ df
☆ 查看內核版本 ------ uname
☆ 查看CPU佔有率 ------- top
聯繫: 根據這些命令的返回值做處理,然後打印在終端。
1.1shell編程注意
’ ‘ 用法 這個符號可以保存命令的返回值。
'''
PATH=’pwd‘ # 也可以寫成 PATH =$(pwd)
echo $PATH # 輸出pwd命令的值,即當前路徑
'''
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參數說明
$1 表示第一個參數,$2表示第二個參數, $#表示參數個數
開始實驗
☆ point:
☆getopts 可以獲取用戶在命令下的參數,然後根據不同的參數進行不同的操作。
如:
getopts option_string variable
(option_string 是指字符串,會逐個匹配,variable 每次匹配成功的選項)
+ 1 腳本例子
'''
#! /bin/bash
while getopts ivh name # getopts 有三個參數 ,分別執行安裝,查看版本,幫助說明
do
case $name in
i) iopt = 1 ;;
v)vopt = 1 ;;
h)hopt = 1 ;;
*)echo ''Invalid arg'' ;;
esac
done
'''
這個腳本主要有 -ivh 三個參數,分別執行安裝腳本,查看版本,幫助說明。當然也可以添加自己想要的參數。如果不添加,默認執行系統的監控命令並打印到屏幕上。
+2 腳本添加環境目錄
'''
if [[ ! -z $iopt ]] #如果iopt非空就執行
then
{
wd =$(pwd)
basename "$(test -L "$0" && readlink "$0" )" > /tmp/scriptname
#basename 命令會刪掉所有的前綴包括最後一個slash(‘ / ’)字符,然後將字符串顯示出來
scriptname = $(echo -e -n $wd/ && cat /tmp/scriptname)
#scriptname 就是 tecmint_monitor.sh的地址
su -c "cp $scriptname /usr/bin/monitor" root && echo "Congratulations! Script Installed ,now run monitor Command" || echo "Installation failed"
}
fi
'''
上面這個代碼是對參數i 的模塊的實現
接下來是對參數v的模塊:
這個部分是查看腳本的版本、版權的信息。
if [[ ! -z $vopt ]]
then
{
echo -e "tecmint_monitor version 0.1\n Released Under Apache 2.0 License"
}
fi
下面是有關參數h的模塊:
(這個部分可以添加幫助信息,方便其他人使用)
if [[ ! -z $hopt ]]
then
{
echo -e '' -i
echo -e '' -v
d exit ''
echo -e '' -h
n) and exit''
}
fi
+3 提取信息設置變量
先設置一些好記的變量名, 這樣方便閱讀 ,比直接看代碼更容易。
clear unset tecreset os architecture kernelrelease internalip externalip nameserver loadaverage
#unset命令用於刪除已定義的shell變量(包括環境變量)和shell函數。
#關於unset更多的信息可以查看http://www.runoob.com/linux/linux-comm-unset.html
#定義變量 tecreset
tecreset=$(tput sgr0)
#查看是否可以連網
ping -c 1 www.baidu.com &> /dev/null && echo -e '\E[32m'"Internet: $tecreset Connected" || echo -e '\E[32m'"Internet: $tecreset Disconnected"
#'\E[32m' 將打印的信息設置爲綠色
#查看系統的類型
os=$(uname -o) echo -e '\E[32m'"Operating System Type :" $tecreset $os
#查看系統的版本和名稱
################################### OS=
uname -s
REV=uname -r
MACH=uname -m
GetVersionFromFile() { VERSION=cat $1 | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/.*VERSION.*=\ //
}
查看操作系統的類型,不同的操作系統的指令是不一樣的。
if [ "${OS}" = "SunOS" ] ; then OS=Solaris ARCH=
uname -p
OSSTR="${OS} ${REV}(${ARCH}uname -v
)"#uname命令用於打印當前系統相關信息(內核版本號、硬件架構、主機名稱和操作系統類型等)。
elif [ "${OS}" = "AIX" ] ; then OSSTR="${OS}
oslevel
(oslevel -r
)" #AIX是IBM開發的一套類UNIX操作系統,關於它更多的指令可以查看http://www.cnblogs.com/sbaicl/articles/2947795.htmlelif [ "${OS}" = "Linux" ] ; then KERNEL=
uname -r
if [ -f /etc/redhat-release ] ; then DIST='RedHat' PSUEDONAME=cat /etc/redhat-release | sed s/.*\(// | sed s/\)//
REV=cat /etc/redhat-release | sed s/.*release\ // | sed s/\ .*//
#sed通常用來匹配一個或多個正則表達式的文本進行處理,可以查看http://coolshell.cn/articles/9104.html
elif [ -f /etc/SuSE-release ] ; then DIST=
cat /etc/SuSE-release | tr "\n" ' '| sed s/VERSION.*//
REV=cat /etc/SuSE-release | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/.*=\ //
elif [ -f /etc/mandrake-release ] ; then DIST='Mandrake' PSUEDONAME=
cat /etc/mandrake-release | sed s/.*\(// | sed s/\)//
REV=cat /etc/mandrake-release | sed s/.*release\ // | sed s/\ .*//
elif [ -f /etc/debian_version ] ; then DIST="Debian
cat /etc/debian_version
" REV="" fi
if ${OSSTR} [ -f /etc/UnitedLinux-release ] ; then DIST="${DIST}[
cat /etc/UnitedLinux-release | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/VERSION.*//
]" fi OSSTR="${OS} ${DIST} ${REV}(${PSUEDONAME} ${KERNEL} ${MACH})" fi
最後就是監控系統的各種信息,並且打印到屏幕上
查看操作系統版本 echo -e '\E[32m'"OS Version :" $tecreset $OSSTR
#查看系統的類型
architecture=$(uname -m) echo -e '\E[32m'"Architecture :" $tecreset $architecture
#查看內核的版本
kernelrelease=$(uname -r) echo -e '\E[32m'"Kernel Release :" $tecreset $kernelrelease
#查看主機名
echo -e '\E[32m'"Hostname :" $tecreset $HOSTNAME
#查看內網地址
internalip=$(hostname -I) echo -e '\E[32m'"Internal IP :" $tecreset $internalip
#查看外網地址
externalip=$(curl -s ipecho.net/plain;echo) echo -e '\E[32m'"External IP : $tecreset "$externalip
#查看DNS
nameservers=$(cat /etc/resolv.conf | sed '1 d' | awk '{print $2}') echo -e '\E[32m'"Name Servers :" $tecreset $nameservers
#查看登陸的用戶
who>/tmp/who echo -e '\E[32m'"Logged In users :" $tecreset && cat /tmp/who
#查看系統內存使用情況
free -h | grep -v + > /tmp/ramcache echo -e '\E[32m'"Ram Usages :" $tecreset cat /tmp/ramcache | grep -v "Swap" echo -e '\E[32m'"Swap Usages :" $tecreset cat /tmp/ramcache | grep -v "Mem"
#查看磁盤使用情況
df -h| grep 'Filesystem|/dev/sda*' > /tmp/diskusage echo -e '\E[32m'"Disk Usages :" $tecreset cat /tmp/diskusage
#查看系統的負載情況
loadaverage=$(top -n 1 -b | grep "load average:" | awk '{print $10 $11 $12}') echo -e '\E[32m'"Load Average :" $tecreset $loadaverage
#查看系統的運行時間
tecuptime=$(uptime | awk '{print $3,$4}' | cut -f1 -d,) echo -e '\E[32m'"System Uptime Days/(HH:MM) :" $tecreset $tecuptime
#刪除上面使用的變量,釋放資源
unset tecreset os architecture kernelrelease internalip externalip nameserver loadaverage
#刪除臨時文件
rm /tmp/who /tmp/ramcache /tmp/diskusage } fi
最最後是源代碼:
#! /bin/bash
#unset any variable which system may be using
#clear the screen
while getopts ivh name do case $name in i)iopt=1;; v)vopt=1;; h)hopt=1;; *)echo "Invalid arg";; esac done # if [[ ! -z $iopt ]] then { wd=$(pwd) basename "$(test -L "$0" && readlink "$0" || echo "$0")" > /tmp/scriptname scriptname=$(echo -e -n $wd/ && cat /tmp/scriptname) su -c "cp $scriptname /usr/bin/monitor" root && echo "Congratulations! Script Installed, now run monitor Command" || echo "Installation failed" } fi
if [[ ! -z $vopt ]] then { echo -e "tecmint_monitor version 0.1\nDesigned by Tecmint.com\nReleased Under Apache 2.0 License" } fi if [[ ! -z $hopt ]] then { echo -e " -i Install script" echo -e " -v Print version information and exit" echo -e " -h Print help (this information) and exit" } fi
if [[ $# -eq 0 ]] then { clear
unset tecreset os architecture kernelrelease internalip externalip nameserver loadaverage
#Define Variable tecreset
tecreset=$(tput sgr0)
#Check if connected to Internet or not
ping -c 1 www.baidu.com &> /dev/null && echo -e '\E[32m'"Internet: $tecreset Connected" || echo -e '\E[32m'"Internet: $tecreset Disconnected"
#Check OS Type
os=$(uname -o) echo -e '\E[32m'"Operating System Type :" $tecreset $os
#Check OS Release Version and Name
################################### OS=uname -s
REV=uname -r
MACH=uname -m
GetVersionFromFile() { VERSION=cat $1 | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/.*VERSION.*=\ //
}
if [ "${OS}" = "SunOS" ] ; then OS=Solaris ARCH=uname -p
OSSTR="${OS} ${REV}(${ARCH} uname -v
)" elif [ "${OS}" = "AIX" ] ; then OSSTR="${OS} oslevel
(oslevel -r
)" elif [ "${OS}" = "Linux" ] ; then KERNEL=uname -r
if [ -f /etc/redhat-release ] ; then DIST='RedHat' PSUEDONAME=cat /etc/redhat-release | sed s/.*\(// | sed s/\)//
REV=cat /etc/redhat-release | sed s/.*release\ // | sed s/\ .*//
elif [ -f /etc/SuSE-release ] ; then DIST=cat /etc/SuSE-release | tr "\n" ' '| sed s/VERSION.*//
REV=cat /etc/SuSE-release | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/.*=\ //
elif [ -f /etc/mandrake-release ] ; then DIST='Mandrake' PSUEDONAME=cat /etc/mandrake-release | sed s/.*\(// | sed s/\)//
REV=cat /etc/mandrake-release | sed s/.*release\ // | sed s/\ .*//
elif [ -f /etc/debian_version ] ; then DIST="Debian cat /etc/debian_version
" REV=""
fi if ${OSSTR} [ -f /etc/UnitedLinux-release ] ; then DIST="${DIST}[`cat /etc/UnitedLinux-release | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/VERSION.*//`]" fi OSSTR="${OS} ${DIST} ${REV}(${PSUEDONAME} ${KERNEL} ${MACH})"
fi
################################## #cat /etc/os-release | grep 'NAME|VERSION' | grep -v 'VERSION_ID' | grep -v 'PRETTY_NAME' > /tmp/osrelease #echo -n -e '\E[32m'"OS Name :" $tecreset && cat /tmp/osrelease | grep -v "VERSION" | grep -v CPE_NAME | cut -f2 -d" #echo -n -e '\E[32m'"OS Version :" $tecreset && cat /tmp/osrelease | grep -v "NAME" | grep -v CT_VERSION | cut -f2 -d" echo -e '\E[32m'"OS Version :" $tecreset $OSSTR
architecture=$(uname -m) echo -e '\E[32m'"Architecture :" $tecreset $architecture
kernelrelease=$(uname -r) echo -e '\E[32m'"Kernel Release :" $tecreset $kernelrelease
echo -e '\E[32m'"Hostname :" $tecreset $HOSTNAME
internalip=$(hostname -I) echo -e '\E[32m'"Internal IP :" $tecreset $internalip
externalip=$(curl -s ipecho.net/plain;echo) echo -e '\E[32m'"External IP : $tecreset "$externalip
nameservers=$(cat /etc/resolv.conf | sed '1 d' | awk '{print $2}') echo -e '\E[32m'"Name Servers :" $tecreset $nameservers
who>/tmp/who echo -e '\E[32m'"Logged In users :" $tecreset && cat /tmp/who
free -h | grep -v + > /tmp/ramcache echo -e '\E[32m'"Ram Usages :" $tecreset cat /tmp/ramcache | grep -v "Swap" echo -e '\E[32m'"Swap Usages :" $tecreset cat /tmp/ramcache | grep -v "Mem"
df -h| grep 'Filesystem|/dev/sda*' > /tmp/diskusage echo -e '\E[32m'"Disk Usages :" $tecreset cat /tmp/diskusage
loadaverage=$(top -n 1 -b | grep "load average:" | awk '{print $10 $11 $12}') echo -e '\E[32m'"Load Average :" $tecreset $loadaverage
tecuptime=$(uptime | awk '{print $3,$4}' | cut -f1 -d,) echo -e '\E[32m'"System Uptime Days/(HH:MM) :" $tecreset $tecuptime
unset tecreset os architecture kernelrelease internalip externalip nameserver loadaverage
rm /tmp/who /tmp/ramcache /tmp/diskusage } fi shift $(($OPTIND -1))
#shift命令用於對參數的移動(左移)。可以查看http://blog.csdn.net/zhu_xun/article/details/24796235