cacti-0.8.8a那點兒事

cacti簡介
    Cacti是基於PHP/MySQL的開源網絡監控及繪圖工具，它通過SNMP獲取數據並使用RRDTool予以存儲，然後在需要時利用RRDTool繪圖引擎繪圖並通過php展示。
   Cacti的操作流程很簡單：獲取數據-->存儲數據-->展示數據。Cacti通過poller獲取數據。poller是一個通過調度的方式每隔一段時間(通常爲5分鐘)執行的程序，它通常通過SNMP來獲取遠程主機上的數據。

cacti的安裝及配置
本文檔中的平臺是RHEL5.8用到的程序爲：
cacti-0.8.8a (安裝路徑：/web/vhosts/cacti)
httpd-2.4.2 (安裝路徑：/usr/local/apache)
php-5.4.4 (安裝路徑：/usr/local/php)
MySQL-5.5.25a (安裝路徑：/usr/local/mysql)
rrdtool-1.4.7.tar.gz(安裝路徑：/usr/local/rrdtool)

一、 編譯安裝lamp平臺

（這裏不再給出詳細步驟，若沒有lamp平臺以下是一個腳本，執行即可；若已經安裝了則跳過此步驟，從“二” 開始即可）
準備工作：
    1、若想支持mcrypt擴展，下載libmcrypt-2.5.7-5.el5.i386.rpm  libmcrypt-devel-2.5.7- 5.el5.i386.rpm 並安裝 rpm -ivh libmcrypt-*  
    2、提供了一個httpd服務的腳本，如下，放到/root目錄下，命名爲httpd.sh
注意：要求php在configure時指定了--enable-sockets選項，否則,cacti將無法運行。

#!/bin/bash
#
# httpd        Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Apache is a World Wide Web server.  It is used to serve \
#          HTML files and CGI.
# processname: httpd
# config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd
# pidfile: /var/run/httpd.pid

# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then
        . /etc/sysconfig/httpd
fi

# Start httpd in the C locale by default.
HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}

# This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if
# mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.
INITLOG_ARGS=""

# Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server
# with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not
# work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start.

# Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.
apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl
httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd}
prog=httpd
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd.pid}
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}
RETVAL=0

start() {
        echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
        LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
        [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}
        return $RETVAL
}

stop() {
    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
    killproc -p ${pidfile} -d 10 $httpd
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
    [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}
}
reload() {
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then
        RETVAL=$?
        echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"
        failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"
    else
        killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP
        RETVAL=$?
    fi
    echo
}

# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
  start)
    start
    ;;
  stop)
    stop
    ;;
  status)
        status -p ${pidfile} $httpd
    RETVAL=$?
    ;;
  restart)
    stop
    start
    ;;
  condrestart)
    if [ -f ${pidfile} ] ; then
        stop
        start
    fi
    ;;
  reload)
        reload
    ;;
  graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)
    $apachectl $@
    RETVAL=$?
    ;;
  *)
    echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"
    exit 1
esac

exit $RETVAL

接下來就可以執行腳本了

#!/bin/bash
#
<<mark
prepare the source packages
apr-1.4.6.tar.bz2
apr-util-1.4.1.tar.bz2
httpd-2.4.2.tar.bz2
cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz
mysql-5.5.25a.tar.gz
libmcrypt-2.5.7-5.el5.i386.rpm
libmcrypt-devel-2.5.7-5.el5.i386.rpm
php-5.4.4
mark
################compileing httpd######################
#yum -y groupinstall "Development Libraries" "Development Tools" "X Software Development"
#setenforce 0
#mkdir /source
SOURCE=/source
SysDir=/etc/rc.d/init.d
PathDir=/etc/profile

cd $SOURCE
wget http://apache.etoak.com//apr/apr-1.4.6.tar.bz2
wget http://apache.etoak.com//apr/apr-util-1.4.1.tar.bz2
wget http://apache.etoak.com//httpd/httpd-2.4.2.tar.bz2
wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz
wget http://anduin.linuxfromscratch.org/sources/BLFS/svn/m/mysql-5.5.25a.tar.gz
wget http://downloads.php.net/stas/php-5.4.4.tar.bz2

tar xf apr-1.4.6.tar.bz2
cd apr-1.4.6
./buildconf
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
make
make install

cd $SOURCE
tar xf apr-util-1.4.1.tar.bz2
cd apr-util-1.4.1
./buildconf --with-apr=$SOURCE/apr-1.4.6
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
make
make install

cd $SOURCE
yum -y install pcre-devel
tar xf httpd-2.4.2.tar.bz2
cd httpd-2.4.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-so --enable-suexec --enable-ssl --enable-rewrite --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --enable-modules=most --enable-modules-shared=most --enable-mpms-shared=all
make
make install

cd $SOURCE
echo "PidFile  \"/var/run/httpd.pid\" " >> /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
cp /root/httpd.sh   $SysDir/httpd
chmod +x $SysDir/httpd
chkconfig --add httpd
service httpd start
echo "PATH=\$PATH:/usr/local/apache/bin" >> $PathDir
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/apache/bin
echo "MANPATH  /usr/local/apache/man " >> /etc/man.config
ln -sv /usr/local/apache/include /usr/include/httpd
service httpd start

#########################compileing mysql###################################
cd $SOURCE
tar xf cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz
cd cmake-2.8.8
./bootstrap
make
make install

cd $SOURCE
groupadd -r mysql
useradd -g mysql -r -d /data/mysql mysql
tar xf mysql-5.5.25a.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.5.25a
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1  -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_ZLIB=system -DWITH_LIBWRAP=0 -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DENABLE_PROFILING=1
make
make install

cd /usr/local/mysql
chown -R :mysql .
mkdir -pv /data/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server $SysDir/mysqld
chmod +x $SysDir/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
sed -i '/\[mysqld\]/a \datadir = /data/mysql' /etc/my.cnf
sed -i 's/thread_concurrency = 8/thread_concurrency = 2/g' /etc/my.cnf
echo "PATH=\$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> $PathDir
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
echo "MATHPATH /usr/local/mysql/man" >> /etc/man.config
ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
echo " /usr/local/mysql/lib " >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
ldconfig
service  mysqld start
cd
##########################compiling php#########################
cd $SOURCE
tar xf  php-5.4.4.tar.bz2
cd  php-5.4.4
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-openssl --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml  --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs --with-mcrypt  --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --with-bz2 --enable-sockets
cd $SOURCE
make
make install
cd $SOURCE
cp php-5.4.4/php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
echo "AddType application/x-httpd-php  .php " >> /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
echo "AddType application/x-httpd-php-source  .phps" >> /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
sed -i 's/DirectoryIndex index.html/DirectoryIndex index.php index.html/g' /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
service httpd restart
cd
echo "The End!"

 OK，此時lamp平臺架構好了

二、 安裝配置cacti

1、cacti虛擬主機
在LAMP平臺上，專門爲cacti準備了一個虛擬主機cacti.magedu.com，其配置如下：

#vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
啓用虛擬主機
# vim /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf  //把原有的虛擬主機註釋掉
添加內容如下：
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName cacti.forman.com
    DocumentRoot /web/vhosts/cacti
    <Directory "/web/vhosts/cacti">
        Options Indexes
        AllowOverride none
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
    ErrorLog "logs/cacti-error_log"
    CustomLog "logs/cacti-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
#mkdir /web/vhosts/cacti -pv

2、net-snmp

2.1 安裝
由於本機即是監控端(NMS)，又是被監控端，因此我們這裏直接通過yum安裝net-snmp和net-snmp-utils

# yum -y install net-snmp net-snmp-utils

2.2啓動服務

# service snmpd start
# chkconfig snmpd on

使用如下命令進行測試：
# snmpwalk -v 2c -c public localhost system

如果有正常監控信息輸出即爲OK。

3、安裝rrdtool

#pwd
/source
#wget http://oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool/pub/rrdtool-1.4.7.tar.gz
# tar xf rrdtool-1.4.7.tar.gz
# cd rrdtool-1.4.7
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/rrdtool
# make
# make install
#echo "MANPATH  /usr/local/rrdtool/share/man" >> /etc/man.config
#echo "PATH=\$PATH:/usr/local/rrdtool/bin " >> /etc/profile
#export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/rrdtool/bin
#ln -sv /usr/local/rrdtool/include /usr/include/rrdtool
#echo "/usr/local/rrdtool/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/rrdtool.conf
#ldconfig
#cd

4、安裝cacti
4.1 安裝

#pwd
/source
#wget http://www.cacti.net/downloads/cacti-0.8.8a.tar.gz
# tar xf cacti-0.8.8a.tar.gz -C /web/vhosts
# cd cacti-0.8.8a
# mv ./* /web/vhosts/cacti

4.2 初始配置：
爲cacti創建數據庫，並初始化所需要表：

# mysqladmin -uroot -p create cacti      //此時的密碼爲mysql的密碼
# cd /web/vhosts/cacti
# mysql -uroot -p cacti < cacti.sql

創建mysql用戶，使用cacti能訪問其cacti數據庫

# mysql -uroot -p -e "GRANT ALL ON cacti.* TO cactiuser@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'cactiuser'";
//創建了用戶cactiuser 密碼也爲cactiuser
# mysqladmin -uroot -p flush-privileges
# mysql -ucactiuser -p          //驗證一下是否正確
  cactiuser

接着創建系統用戶cactiuser，以之運行cacti的數據獲取和日誌記錄等工作

# useradd cactiuser
# chown -R cactiuser:cactiuser /web/vhosts/cacti/{log,rra}

以cactiuser用戶的身份，每5鍾獲取一次數據：

# echo '*/5 * * * *  /usr/local/php/bin/php /web/vhosts/cacti/poller.php &> /dev/null' > /var/spool/cron/cactiuser

php的時區不一致，把php配置文件/etc/php.ini中的時區改爲如下格式：
 

#vim /etc/php.ini
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai
# hwclock -s               //同步系統時間
# service httpd restart

       
編輯cacti的配置文件include/config.php，將實際訪問cacti的URL路徑，啓用並修改如下行：
//$url_path = "/cacti/";
我們這裏將之修改爲：
$url_path = "/";

在外面的物理機的hosts文件中添加：

X .X.X.X cacti.forman.com        //實現域名的訪問

而後在瀏覽器中打開http://cacti.forman.com/install，按提示一步步配置即可完成安裝。
密碼第一次輸入的時候，會讓修改密碼，用戶默認爲admin 密碼爲admin
提示圖片如下：

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 第一次登陸的時候，會提示修改密碼，如下圖

 

 重新登陸即可
device--->Localhost ---->version2 --->save即可 點擊graphs可看到生成的圖像，如下所示：

 

---

到這裏，cacti的基本工作做完了，後面的工作就是根據自己的需要進行配置了。本文不足之處期待指正