初識SpringBoot單元測試

1. 測試Service

首先我們寫出service層的代碼：

package com.example.demo.service;

import com.example.demo.dao.OrderDao;
import com.example.demo.entity.Order;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.Optional;

@Service
public class OrderService {
    @Autowired
    private OrderDao orderDao;

    public String getOrderName(Long id) {
        Optional<Order> optionalOrder = this.orderDao.findById(id);
        return optionalOrder.map(Order::getName).orElse(null);
    }
}

爲了做這個類的單元測試，我們編寫這樣一段test代碼：

package com.example.demo.service;

import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class OrderServiceTests {
    @Autowired
    private OrderService orderService;

    @Value("${test.id}")
    private long id;

    @Value("${test.name}")
    private String name;

    @Test
    public void getOrderNameTest() {
        Assert.assertEquals(this.name, this.orderService.getOrderName(this.id));
    }
}

我這裏的配置都在test下的resources目錄下。下面是工程結構截圖：

測試Service類本身沒有什麼，用斷言式即可簡單完成。

2. 測試Controller

爲了測試，每次都需要啓動服務，然後用Postman發送請求，這種方式也不錯，但是都是手動的，還是用代碼定製比較方便。

下面是controller代碼：

package com.example.demo.controller;

import com.example.demo.service.OrderService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class OrderController {
    @Autowired
    private OrderService orderService;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/getName")
    public String getOrderName(@RequestParam("id") Long id) {
        return this.orderService.getOrderName(id);
    }
}

對應的test代碼：

package com.example.demo.controller;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class OrderControllerTests {
    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Value("${test.id}")
    private String id;

    @Test
    public void getOrderNameTest() throws Exception {
        MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc
                .perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/getName")
                        .param("id", id))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()).andReturn();
    }
}

MockMvc可以很簡單的構建請求發送給服務端。

因爲這是初識篇，所以簡單的寫兩段代碼就可以了，單元測試很多時候比代碼還要重要，是程序員必須掌握的技能，因此後續的學習中，會深入學習這些知識。