MySQL——索引視圖事務，存儲引擎MyLSAM和InnoDB（實戰篇！）

索引的作用

設置了合適的索引之後，數據庫利用各種快速的定位技術，能夠大大加快查詢速率；
特別是當表很大時，或者查詢涉及到多個表時，使用索引可使查詢加快成千倍；
可以降低數據庫的IO成本，並且索引還可以降低數據庫的排序成本；
通過創建唯一性索引保證數據表數據的唯一性；
可以加快表與表之間的連接；
在使用分組和排序時，可大大減少分組和排序時間；

1，進入數據庫，創建數據庫，創建表

[root@master2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p     ##進入數據庫
Enter password:     ##輸入密碼

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> create database school;    ##創建數據庫school
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> use school;       ##使用數據庫
Database changed
mysql> create table info(        ##創建表
        -> id int(4) not null primary key auto_increment,   ##設置主鍵，自動增加
        -> name varchar(10) not null,       ##名字類型varchar不爲空
        -> address varchar(50) default 'nanjing',    ##默認南京
        -> age int(3) not null);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

2，向表中插入數據

mysql> insert into info (name,address,age) values ('zhangsan','beijing',20),('lisi','shanghai',22); 
##插入數據
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from info;   ##查看錶內容
+----+----------+----------+-----+
| id | name     | address  | age |
+----+----------+----------+-----+
|  1 | zhangsan | beijing  |  20 |
|  2 | lisi     | shanghai |  22 |
+----+----------+----------+-----+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc info;               ##查看錶結構
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field   | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id      | int(4)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name    | varchar(10) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| address | varchar(50) | YES  |     | nanjing |                |
| age     | int(3)      | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3，使用create，alter，創建表直接定義三種方式創建索引（普通索引，唯一性索引）

mysql> create index index_age on info (age);   ##創建普通索引
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> show index from info;   ##查看錶中的索引
+-------+------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name  | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+-------+------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| info  |          0 | PRIMARY   |            1 | id          | A         |           2 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
| info  |          1 | index_age |            1 | age         | A         |           2 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
+-------+------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop index index_age on info;   ##刪除表中的索引
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> show index from info;        ##查看錶中的索引         
+-------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+-------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| info  |          0 | PRIMARY  |            1 | id          | A         |           2 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
+-------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> create unique index unique_name on info (name); ##創建唯一性索引
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> show index from info;  ##查看錶中索引
+-------+------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name    | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+-------+------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| info  |          0 | PRIMARY     |            1 | id          | A         |           2 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
| info  |          0 | unique_name |            1 | name        | A         |           2 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
+-------+------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop index unique_name on info;  ##刪除表中的索引
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> show index from info;          ##查看錶中的索引
+-------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+-------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| info  |          0 | PRIMARY  |            1 | id          | A         |           2 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
+-------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter table info add unique index index_name (name);   ##使用alter插入表索引
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> show index from info;   ##查看錶中的索引
+-------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name   | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+-------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| info  |          0 | PRIMARY    |            1 | id          | A         |           2 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
| info  |          0 | index_name |            1 | name        | A         |           2 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
+-------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4，創建兩個表，進行關聯，多表查詢

mysql> create table user(     ##創建user表
        -> id int(4) not null primary key auto_increment,   ##設置主鍵和自動增加
        -> name varchar(10) not null,
        -> score decimal not null,
        -> hobby int(2) not null default '1',  ##默認1
        -> index index_score (score));    ##設置索引score
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> desc user;  ##查看錶結構
+-------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type          | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id    | int(4)        | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name  | varchar(10)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| score | decimal(10,0) | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                |
| hobby | int(2)        | NO   |     | 1       |                |
+-------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into user (name,score,hobby) values ('test01',88,1),('stu01',99,2),('wangwu',77,3); 
##向表中插入數據
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from user;    ##查看錶內容
+----+--------+-------+-------+
| id | name   | score | hobby |
+----+--------+-------+-------+
|  1 | test01 |    88 |     1 |
|  2 | stu01  |    99 |     2 |
|  3 | wangwu |    77 |     3 |
+----+--------+-------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create table hob(     ##創建hob表
        -> id int(2) not null primary key,
        -> hob_name varchar(10) not null);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc hob;   ##查看錶結構
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field    | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id       | int(2)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
| hob_name | varchar(10) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into hob (id,hob_name) values (1,'看書'),(2,'運動'),(3,'聽歌');   ##插入表數據
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from hob;   ##查看錶內容
+----+----------+
| id | hob_name |
+----+----------+
|  1 | 看書     |
|  2 | 運動     |
|  3 | 聽歌     |
+----+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from user inner join hob on user.hobby=hob.id;   ##關聯user和hob兩張表
+----+--------+-------+-------+----+----------+
| id | name   | score | hobby | id | hob_name |
+----+--------+-------+-------+----+----------+
|  1 | test01 |    88 |     1 |  1 | 看書     |
|  2 | stu01  |    99 |     2 |  2 | 運動     |
|  3 | wangwu |    77 |     3 |  3 | 聽歌     |
+----+--------+-------+-------+----+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select user.name,hob.hob_name from user inner join hob on user.hobby=hob.id;
##去除其他內容顯示name和hob_name內容
+--------+----------+
| name   | hob_name |
+--------+----------+
| test01 | 看書     |
| stu01  | 運動     |
| wangwu | 聽歌     |
+--------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select u.name,h.hob_name from user u inner join hob h on u.hobby=h.id; ##設置簡易名稱
+--------+----------+
| name   | hob_name |
+--------+----------+
| test01 | 看書     |
| stu01  | 運動     |
| wangwu | 聽歌     |
+--------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create view view_user as select u.name,h.hob_name from user u inner join hob h on u.hobby
##創建視圖
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from view_user;  ##查看視圖
+--------+----------+
| name   | hob_name |
+--------+----------+
| test01 | 看書     |
| stu01  | 運動     |
| wangwu | 聽歌     |
+--------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update user set hobby=3 where name='test01';  ##修改user表中內容
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from view_user;   ##查看視圖，即視圖就是表的一個鏈接
+--------+----------+
| name   | hob_name |
+--------+----------+
| stu01  | 運動     |
| test01 | 聽歌     |
| wangwu | 聽歌     |
+--------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

5，全文索引，組合索引

mysql> select * from info;     ##查看錶內容
+----+----------+----------+-----+
| id | name     | address  | age |
+----+----------+----------+-----+
|  1 | zhangsan | beijing  |  20 |
|  2 | lisi     | shanghai |  22 |
+----+----------+----------+-----+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show index from info;    ##查看錶的索引
+-------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name   | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+-------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| info  |          0 | PRIMARY    |            1 | id          | A         |           2 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
| info  |          0 | index_name |            1 | name        | A         |           2 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
+-------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create fulltext index full_addr on info (address);      ##以address創建全文索引
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.07 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 1

mysql> show index from info;  ##查看錶索引
+-------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name   | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+-------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| info  |          0 | PRIMARY    |            1 | id          | A         |           2 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
| info  |          0 | index_name |            1 | name        | A         |           2 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
| info  |          1 | full_addr  |            1 | address     | NULL      |           2 |     NULL | NULL   | YES  | FULLTEXT   |         |               |
+-------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from user;     ##查看user表內容
+----+--------+-------+-------+
| id | name   | score | hobby |
+----+--------+-------+-------+
|  1 | test01 |    88 |     3 |
|  2 | stu01  |    99 |     2 |
|  3 | wangwu |    77 |     3 |
+----+--------+-------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create index index_name_score on user (name,score);    ##創建name和score的組合索引
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> show index from user;   ##查看錶索引
+-------+------------+------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name         | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+-------+------------+------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| user  |          0 | PRIMARY          |            1 | id          | A         |           3 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
| user  |          1 | index_score      |            1 | score       | A         |           3 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
| user  |          1 | index_name_score |            1 | name        | A         |           3 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
| user  |          1 | index_name_score |            2 | score       | A         |           3 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
+-------+------------+------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

事務的特點

原子性：
事務是一個完整的操作，事務的各元素是不可分的（原子的）
事務中的所有元素必須作爲一個整體提交或回滾
如果事務中的任何元素失敗，則整個事務將失敗
一致性：
當事務完成時，數據必須處於一致狀態：在事務開始之前，數據庫中存儲的數據處於一致狀態；在正在進行的事務中，數據可能處於不一致的狀態；當事務成功完成時，數據必須再次回到已知的一致狀態
隔離性：
對數據進行修改的所有併發事務是彼此隔離的，這表明事務必須是獨立的，他不應以任何方式依賴於或影響其他事務
修改數據的事務可以在另一個使用相同數據的事務開始之前訪問這些數據，或者再另一個使用相同的數據的事務結束之後訪問這些數據
持久性：
事務持久性指不管系統是否發生故障，事務處理的結果都是永久的
一旦事務被提交，事務的效果會被永久的保留在數據庫中

1，開啓事務，往表中插入數據

mysql> select * from info;   ##查看錶內容數據
+----+----------+----------+-----+
| id | name     | address  | age |
+----+----------+----------+-----+
|  1 | zhangsan | beijing  |  20 |
|  2 | lisi     | shanghai |  22 |
+----+----------+----------+-----+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into info (name,address,age) values ('wangwu','hangzhou',30)；##插入數據

mysql> begin;   ##開啓事務
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into info (name,address,age) values ('zhaoliu','hangzhou',31);  ##插入數據
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> savepoint a;   ##設置保存節點a
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from info;   ##查看錶數據
+----+----------+----------+-----+
| id | name     | address  | age |
+----+----------+----------+-----+
|  1 | zhangsan | beijing  |  20 |
|  2 | lisi     | shanghai |  22 |
|  3 | wangwu   | hangzhou |  30 |
|  4 | zhaoliu  | hangzhou |  31 |
+----+----------+----------+-----+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into info (name,address,age) values ('tianqi','hangzhou',32);  ##繼續插入數據
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> savepoint b;   ##設置保存節點b
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into info (name,address,age) values ('heiba','hangzhou',32);      ##繼續插入數據
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from info;  ##查看錶內容
+----+----------+----------+-----+
| id | name     | address  | age |
+----+----------+----------+-----+
|  1 | zhangsan | beijing  |  20 |
|  2 | lisi     | shanghai |  22 |
|  3 | wangwu   | hangzhou |  30 |
|  4 | zhaoliu  | hangzhou |  31 |
|  5 | tianqi   | hangzhou |  32 |
|  6 | heiba    | hangzhou |  32 |
+----+----------+----------+-----+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2，利用另一個終端查看是否成功插入

[root@master2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p  ##進入數據庫
Enter password:     ##輸入密碼

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use school;   ##使用數據庫
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select * from info;   ##查看錶內容，此時並沒有提交
+----+----------+----------+-----+
| id | name     | address  | age |
+----+----------+----------+-----+
|  1 | zhangsan | beijing  |  20 |
|  2 | lisi     | shanghai |  22 |
|  3 | wangwu   | hangzhou |  30 |
+----+----------+----------+-----+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3，使用回滾，返回保存的節點

mysql> rollback to b;    ##利用回滾到保存節點b
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from info;   ##查看錶數據
+----+----------+----------+-----+
| id | name     | address  | age |
+----+----------+----------+-----+
|  1 | zhangsan | beijing  |  20 |
|  2 | lisi     | shanghai |  22 |
|  3 | wangwu   | hangzhou |  30 |
|  4 | zhaoliu  | hangzhou |  31 |
|  5 | tianqi   | hangzhou |  32 |
+----+----------+----------+-----+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> rollback to a;  ##回滾到保存節點a
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from info;   ##查看錶數據
+----+----------+----------+-----+
| id | name     | address  | age |
+----+----------+----------+-----+
|  1 | zhangsan | beijing  |  20 |
|  2 | lisi     | shanghai |  22 |
|  3 | wangwu   | hangzhou |  30 |
|  4 | zhaoliu  | hangzhou |  31 |
+----+----------+----------+-----+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> rollback;     ##回滾到初始，退出事務狀態
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from info;  ##查看錶數據
+----+----------+----------+-----+
| id | name     | address  | age |
+----+----------+----------+-----+
|  1 | zhangsan | beijing  |  20 |
|  2 | lisi     | shanghai |  22 |
|  3 | wangwu   | hangzhou |  30 |
+----+----------+----------+-----+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4，使用commit提交事務

mysql> begin;    ##開啓事務
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into info (name,address,age) values ('heiba','hangzhou',32);  ##插入數據
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> commit;   ##提交事務
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from info;  ##查看錶數據
+----+----------+----------+-----+
| id | name     | address  | age |
+----+----------+----------+-----+
|  1 | zhangsan | beijing  |  20 |
|  2 | lisi     | shanghai |  22 |
|  3 | wangwu   | hangzhou |  30 |
|  7 | heiba    | hangzhou |  32 |
+----+----------+----------+-----+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

5，使用另一個終端查看

mysql> select * from info;   ##查看錶數據
+----+----------+----------+-----+
| id | name     | address  | age |
+----+----------+----------+-----+
|  1 | zhangsan | beijing  |  20 |
|  2 | lisi     | shanghai |  22 |
|  3 | wangwu   | hangzhou |  30 |
|  7 | heiba    | hangzhou |  32 |
+----+----------+----------+-----+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

6，另一種事務的操作方式

mysql> set autocommit=0;   ##設置不自動提交事務
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> update info set address='beijing' where name='heiba';  ##修改表數據
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from info;   ##查看錶信息
+----+----------+----------+-----+
| id | name     | address  | age |
+----+----------+----------+-----+
|  1 | zhangsan | beijing  |  20 |
|  2 | lisi     | shanghai |  22 |
|  3 | wangwu   | hangzhou |  30 |
|  7 | heiba    | beijing  |  32 |
+----+----------+----------+-----+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

##另一個終端查看
mysql> select * from info;  ##查看錶信息，並沒有修改
+----+----------+----------+-----+
| id | name     | address  | age |
+----+----------+----------+-----+
|  1 | zhangsan | beijing  |  20 |
|  2 | lisi     | shanghai |  22 |
|  3 | wangwu   | hangzhou |  30 |
|  7 | heiba    | hangzhou |  32 |
+----+----------+----------+-----+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> set autocommit=1;   ##開啓自動提交事務
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

##另一個終端查看
mysql> select * from info;   ##查看錶數據，此時就已經修改
+----+----------+----------+-----+
| id | name     | address  | age |
+----+----------+----------+-----+
|  1 | zhangsan | beijing  |  20 |
|  2 | lisi     | shanghai |  22 |
|  3 | wangwu   | hangzhou |  30 |
|  7 | heiba    | beijing  |  32 |
+----+----------+----------+-----+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

存儲引擎MyLSAM和InnoDB

1，查看系統默認存儲引擎

mysql> show engines;   ##查看默認存儲引擎innodb
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| Engine             | Support | Comment                                                        | Transactions | XA   | Savepoints |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| InnoDB             | DEFAULT | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys     | YES          | YES  | YES        |

mysql> show create table info;   ##查看創建的表的存儲引擎innodb

| info  | CREATE TABLE "info" (
    "id" int(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    "name" varchar(10) NOT NULL,
    "address" varchar(50) DEFAULT 'nanjing',
    "age" int(3) NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY ("id"),
    UNIQUE KEY "index_name" ("name"),
    FULLTEXT KEY "full_addr" ("address")
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=8 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

2，修改MySQL配置文件，設置默認的存儲引擎

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf ##修改配置文件

[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.pid
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id = 1
default-storage-engine=Myisam   ##添加默認存儲引擎爲Myisam

[root@master2 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld.service ##重啓MySQL服務

3，進入數據庫

[root@master2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p   ##進入數據庫
Enter password:    ##輸入密碼

mysql> use school;    ##使用數據庫
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> create table a ( id int );    ##創建一個a表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show create table a;   ##查看錶默認的存儲引擎Myisam
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table                                                                        |
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| a     | CREATE TABLE "a" (
    "id" int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 |
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter table a engine=innodb;  ##修改表的存儲引擎爲innodb
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> show create table a;  ##查看錶的存儲引擎innodb
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table                                                                        |
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| a     | CREATE TABLE "a" (
    "id" int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 |
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

謝謝閱讀！