cut命令
獲取每行的第三個字母
cut -c3 fileName獲取每行的第三至第五個字母
cut -c3-5 fileName獲取每行的第三和第五個字母
cut -c3,5 fileName獲取每行的前三個字母
cut -c-3 fileName獲取每行的第五個字母往後的字母
cut -c5- fileName獲取文本中的前三個字段
cut -f1-3 fileName //默認的文本分隔符爲\t
//輸入
1 New York, New York[10] 8,244,910 1 New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA MSA 19,015,900 1 New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA 22,214,083
2 Los Angeles, California 3,819,702 2 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA MSA 12,944,801 2 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, CA CSA 18,081,569
3 Chicago, Illinois 2,707,120 3 Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, IL-IN-WI MSA 9,504,753 3 Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City, IL-IN-WI CSA 9,729,825
4 Houston, Texas 2,145,146 4 Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX MSA 6,526,548 4 Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia, DC-MD-VA-WV CSA 8,718,083
5 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania[11] 1,536,471 5 Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX MSA 6,086,538 5 Boston-Worcester-Manchester, MA-RI-NH CSA 7,601,061
//輸出
1 New York, New York[10] 8,244,910
2 Los Angeles, California 3,819,702
3 Chicago, Illinois 2,707,120
4 Houston, Texas 2,145,146
5 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania[11] 1,536,471獲取輸入文本的第四個字段
cut -d' ' -f4 fileName
**input**
Hello
World
how are you
**output**
Hello
World
//輸入的三行最大字段都不超過4個，爲什麼只輸出Hello和World呢？這題不太靠譜輸出某個字段或字段範圍和輸出某個字母或字符範圍類似，不再重複
head命令
輸出前20行
head -n20 fileName //不存在20行的話有多少行算多少行輸出第11到第20行
head -n20 fileName | tail -n10 輸出前20個字符
head -c20 fileName //不存在20個字符的話有多少算多少輸出後20行
tail -n20 fileName //不存在20行的話有多少行算多少行輸出後20個字符
tail -c20 fileName //不存在20個字符的話有多少算多少tr命令
將文本中的一些字母按先後順序替換爲另外一些字母
tr '()' '[]' fileName
**Input**
int i=(int)5.8
(23 + 5)*2
**Output**
int i=[int]5.8
[23 + 5]*2
tr '[a-z]' '[A-Z]' fileName //將文本中的小寫字母替換爲大寫字母刪除文本中存在的小寫字母
tr -d '[a-z]' fileName
**Input**
Hello
World
how are you
**Output**
H
W將多個連續出現的給定字符合併爲一個
tr -s ' ' fileName //合併多個空格爲一個
**Input**
He llo
Wor ld
how are you
**Output**
He llo
Wor ld
how are you排序
對文本行進行排序
sort fileName
**Input**
Dr. Rajendra Prasad January 26, 1950 May 13, 1962
Dr. S. Radhakrishnan May 13, 1962 May 13, 1967
Dr. Zakir Hussain May 13, 1967 August 24, 1969
Shri Varahagiri Venkata Giri August 24, 1969 August 24, 1974
Shri Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed August 24, 1974 February 11, 1977
Shri Neelam Sanjiva Reddy July 25, 1977 July 25, 198
**Output**
Dr. Rajendra Prasad January 26, 1950 May 13, 1962
Dr. S. Radhakrishnan May 13, 1962 May 13, 1967
Dr. Zakir Hussain May 13, 1967 August 24, 1969
Shri Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed August 24, 1974 February 11, 1977
Shri Neelam Sanjiva Reddy July 25, 1977 July 25, 198
Shri Varahagiri Venkata Giri August 24, 1969 August 24, 1974
sort -r fileName //降序排序
對數字進行排序
sort -rn fileName //對數字進行降序排序 -n對數字排序
對輸入文本中第二個字段數字進行降序排序
sort -t$'\t' -nr fileName
//-t$'\t' 以tab分割文本
//-nr 數字降序排序
**Input**
Albany, N.Y. 22.2 46.6 71.1 49.3 38.60 136 64.4 57
Albuquerque, N.M. 35.7 55.6 78.5 57.3 9.47 60 11.0 64
Anchorage, Alaska 15.8 36.3 58.4 34.1 16.08 115 70.8 39 / 60
Asheville, N.C. 35.8 54.1 73.0 55.2 47.07 126 15.3 39
Atlanta, Ga. 42.7 61.6 80.0 62.8 50.20 115 2.1 69 / 65
Atlantic City, N.J. 32.1 50.6 75.3 55.1 40.59 113 16.2 60 / 54
Austin, Texas 50.2 68.3 84.2 70.6 33.65 85 0.9 62 / 58
Baltimore, Md. 32.3 53.2 76.5 55.4 41.94 115 21.5 53
Baton Rouge, La. 50.1 66.6 81.7 68.1 63.08 110 0.2 52 / 46
Billings, Mont. 24.0 46.1 72.0 48.1 14.77 96 56.9 69
Birmingham, Ala. 42.6 61.3 80.2 62.9 53.99 117 1.5 60
Bismarck, N.D. 10.2 43.3 70.4 45.2 16.84 96 44.3 64
Boise, Idaho 30.2 50.6 74.7 52.8 12.19 89 20.6 64
Boston, Mass. 29.3 48.3 73.9 54.1 42.53 127 42.8 52 / 66
Bridgeport, Conn. 29.9 48.9 74.0 54.7 44.15 119 26.2 55 / 49
**Output**
Austin, Texas 50.2 68.3 84.2 70.6 33.65 85 0.9 62 / 58
Baton Rouge, La. 50.1 66.6 81.7 68.1 63.08 110 0.2 52 / 46
Atlanta, Ga. 42.7 61.6 80.0 62.8 50.20 115 2.1 69 / 65
Birmingham, Ala. 42.6 61.3 80.2 62.9 53.99 117 1.5 60
Asheville, N.C. 35.8 54.1 73.0 55.2 47.07 126 15.3 39
Albuquerque, N.M. 35.7 55.6 78.5 57.3 9.47 60 11.0 64
Baltimore, Md. 32.3 53.2 76.5 55.4 41.94 115 21.5 53
Atlantic City, N.J. 32.1 50.6 75.3 55.1 40.59 113 16.2 60 / 54
Boise, Idaho 30.2 50.6 74.7 52.8 12.19 89 20.6 64
Bridgeport, Conn. 29.9 48.9 74.0 54.7 44.15 119 26.2 55 / 49
Boston, Mass. 29.3 48.3 73.9 54.1 42.53 127 42.8 52 / 66
Billings, Mont. 24.0 46.1 72.0 48.1 14.77 96 56.9 69
Albany, N.Y. 22.2 46.6 71.1 49.3 38.60 136 64.4 57
Anchorage, Alaska 15.8 36.3 58.4 34.1 16.08 115 70.8 39 / 60
Bismarck, N.D. 10.2 43.3 70.4 45.2 16.84 96 44.3 64
sort -r fileName //降序排序
Uniq命令
uniq fieName//如果相鄰行文本重複，只保留一行
**Input**
00
00
01
01
00
02
02
**Output**
00
01
00
02
uniq -u fileName fieName//獲取行中與前後行都不同的行文本
**Output**
00
uniq -d fileName fieName//獲取文本中前後相同的行文本
**Output**
00
01
02
uniq -c | cut -c7- fieName//獲取文本中的字段統計
**Output**
2 00
2 01
1 00
2 02
uniq -ci | cut -c7- fieName//獲取文本中的字段統計，不區分大小寫
如輸入
**Input**
aA
Aa
AA
aa
**output**
4 aApaste
paste -d':' fileName1 fileName2 //將兩個文件按行合併，以':'分割
paste -s fileName //將文本以'\t'爲分隔符進行合併
**Input**
Albany, N.Y.
Albuquerque, N.M.
Anchorage, Alaska
Asheville, N.C.
Atlanta, Ga.
Atlantic City, N.J.
Austin, Texas
Baltimore, Md.
Baton Rouge, La.
Billings, Mont.
Birmingham, Ala.
Bismarck, N.D.
Boise, Idaho
Boston, Mass.
Bridgeport, Conn.
**Output**
Albany, N.Y. Albuquerque, N.M. Anchorage, Alaska Asheville, N.C.Atlanta, Ga. Atlantic City, N.J. Austin, Texas Baltimore, Md. Baton Rouge, La. Billings, Mont. Birmingham, Ala. Bismarck, N.D. Boise, Idaho Boston, Mass. Bridgeport, Conn.paste - - - -d$'\t' fileName //將文本以'\t'爲分隔符進行合併，每行三列
**Input**
Albany, N.Y.
Albuquerque, N.M.
Anchorage, Alaska
Asheville, N.C.
Atlanta, Ga.
Atlantic City, N.J.
Austin, Texas
Baltimore, Md.
Baton Rouge, La.
Billings, Mont.
Birmingham, Ala.
Bismarck, N.D.
Boise, Idaho
Boston, Mass.
Bridgeport, Conn.
**Output**
Albany, N.Y. Albuquerque, N.M. Anchorage, Alaska
Asheville, N.C. Atlanta, Ga. Atlantic City, N.J.
Austin, Texas Baltimore, Md. Baton Rouge, La.
Billings, Mont. Birmingham, Ala. Bismarck, N.D.
Boise, Idaho Boston, Mass. Bridgeport, Conn.
paste -d';' -s fileName //將文本合併爲一行，用';'分割
**Output**
Albany, N.Y.;Albuquerque, N.M.;Anchorage, Alaska;Asheville, N.C.;Atlanta, Ga.;Atlantic City, N.J.;Austin, Texas;Baltimore, Md.;Baton Rouge, La.;Billings, Mont.;Birmingham, Ala.;Bismarck, N.D.;Boise, Idaho;Boston, Mass.;Bridgeport, Conn.
paste - - - -d';' //將文本合併爲一行，用';'分割，每行三列
**Output**
Buffalo, N.Y.;Burlington, Vt.;Caribou, Maine
Casper, Wyo.;Charleston, S.C.;Charleston, W.Va.題目出處：https://www.hackerrank.com/domains/shell/textpro/page:1
