談談TCP和UDP的一些簡單應用

導讀:
  網絡編程中最重要的就是SOCKET,它其實也就是監聽端口的原理。和我們用手機發短信的原理應該是大致無二(我是這樣理解的),而JAVA最出色的一點也就是“無痛苦連網”。
  網絡最基本的精神就是讓兩臺機器連接起來,“被呼叫的一方”也就是服務器,而“找人的一方”則叫做客戶機,所以說在連接中服務器、客戶機也就是一個相對的概念了。而我們對機器的標識主要是通過IP地址和端口來區分的。
  “傳輸控制協議”TCP和“用戶數據報協議”是兩種不同的協議,JAVA對這兩種協議的支持基本是一致的,而它們本身最大的區別也就是發送的可靠性和速率,前者相比後者是可靠協議,後者當然是速度快得多了,下面我們分別用兩個SOCKET下演示:
  eg1:
  //Clients.java
  import java.io.*;
  import java.net.*;
  public class Clients
  {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
  {
  InetAddress addr = InetAddress.getByName(null);
  Socket socket = new Socket(addr,2000);
  PrintWriter out =
  new PrintWriter(
  new BufferedWriter(
  new OutputStreamWriter(
  socket.getOutputStream())),true);
  byte[] b = new byte[2048];
  String msg = new String(b,0,System.in.read(b));
  out.println(msg);
  socket.close();
  }
  }
  //Servers.java
  import java.io.*;
  import java.net.*;
  public class Servers
  {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
  {
  ServerSocket s = new ServerSocket(2000);
  try{
  while(true){
  Socket socket = s.accept();
  try{
  BufferedReader in =
  new BufferedReader(
  new InputStreamReader(
  socket.getInputStream()));
  StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
  int c;
  while( (c = in.read()) != -1 ){
  char ch = (char)c;
  sb.append(ch);
  }
  System.out.println(sb.toString());
  }catch(IOException e){
  socket.close();
  }finally{
  socket.close();
  }
  }//while
  }finally{
  s.close();
  }//try
  }//main
  }
  此程式主要用Servers來進行無限監聽,而Clients是客戶機發送程式,他們的端口全採用2000。
  eg2:
  //UDPsend.java
  import java.io.*;
  import java.net.*;
  /**
  * This class sends the specified text or file as a datagram to the
  * specified port of the specified host.
  **/
  public class UDPSend {
  public static final String usage =
  "Usage: java UDPSend .../n" +
  " or: java UDPSend -f ";
  public static void main(String args[]) {
  try {
  // Check the number of arguments
  if (args.length <3)
  throw new IllegalArgumentException("Wrong number of args");
  
  // Parse the arguments
  String host = args[0];
  int port = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);
  
  // Figure out the message to send.
  // If the third argument is -f, then send the contents of the file
  // specified as the fourth argument. Otherwise, concatenate the
  // third and all remaining arguments and send that.
  byte[] message;
  if (args[2].equals("-f")) {
  File f = new File(args[3]);
  int len = (int)f.length(); // figure out how big the file is
  message = new byte[len]; // create a buffer big enough
  FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(f);
  int bytes_read = 0, n;
  do { // loop until we've read it all
  n = in.read(message, bytes_read, len-bytes_read);
  bytes_read += n;
  } while((bytes_read   }
  else { // Otherwise, just combine all the remaining arguments.
  String msg = args[2];
  for (int i = 3; i   message = msg.getBytes();
  }
  
  // Get the internet address of the specified host
  InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName(host);
  
  // Initialize a datagram packet with data and address
  DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(message, message.length,
  address, port);
  
  // Create a datagram socket, send the packet through it, close it.
  DatagramSocket dsocket = new DatagramSocket();
  dsocket.send(packet);
  dsocket.close();
  }
  catch (Exception e) {
  System.err.println(e);
  System.err.println(usage);
  }
  }
  }
  //UDPreceive.java
  import java.io.*;
  import java.net.*;
  /**
  * This program waits to receive datagrams sent the specified port.
  * When it receives one, it displays the sending host and prints the
  * contents of the datagram as a string. Then it loops and waits again.
  **/
  public class UDPReceive {
  public static final String usage = "Usage: java UDPReceive   public static void main(String args[]) {
  try {
  if (args.length != 1)
  throw new IllegalArgumentException("Wrong number of args");
  
  // Get the port from the command line
  int port = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
  
  // Create a socket to listen on the port.
  DatagramSocket dsocket = new DatagramSocket(port);
  
  // Create a buffer to read datagrams into. If anyone sends us a
  // packet containing more than will fit into this buffer, the
  // excess will simply be discarded!
  byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
  
  // Create a packet to receive data into the buffer
  DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, buffer.length);
  // Now loop forever, waiting to receive packets and printing them.
  for(;;) {
  // Wait to receive a datagram
  dsocket.receive(packet);
  // Convert the contents to a string, and display them
  String msg = new String(buffer, 0, packet.getLength());
  System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostName() +
  ": " + msg);
  // Reset the length of the packet before reusing it.
  // Prior to Java 1.1, we'd just create a new packet each time.
  packet.setLength(buffer.length);
  }
  }
  catch (Exception e) {
  System.err.println(e);
  System.err.println(usage);
  }
  }
  }
  在UDP中主要的類是DatagramSocket()和DatagramPacket(),而在UDPreceive中,被接受的字節是受限制,這些感覺不是太好,既然buf是一個字節數組,我們實在是很奇怪爲什麼構建器自己不能調查出數組的長度呢?唯一能猜測的原因就是C風格的編程使然,那裏的數組不能自己告訴我們它有多大。
  而我們實際使用的過程中,當然不僅僅限於這些,其中要考慮有多臺客戶機來連接服務器,所以要考慮到線程Thread的使用,如果再加上SWING,就可以做一個類似於QQ的SOCKET功能了,這僅僅限於我在學習SOCKET時的一些領悟。供大家參考。
  -
  主頁: http://www.fls-cts.com/kkjvk/
  網絡編程中最重要的就是SOCKET,它其實也就是監聽端口的原理。和我們用手機發短信的原理應該是大致無二(我是這樣理解的),而JAVA最出色的一點也就是“無痛苦連網”。網絡最基本的精神就是讓兩臺機器連接起來,“被呼叫的一方”也就是服務器,而“找人的一方”則叫做客戶機,所以說在連接中服務器、客戶機也就是一個相對的概念了。而我們對機器的標識主要是通過IP地址和端口來區分的。“傳輸控制協議”TCP和“用戶數據報協議”是兩種不同的協議,JAVA對這兩種協議的支持基本是一致的,而它們本身最大的區別也就是發送的可靠性和速率,前者相比後者是可靠協議,後者當然是速度快得多了,下面我們分別用兩個SOCKET下演示: eg1://Clients.java import java.io.*; import java.net.*; public class Clients{ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { InetAddress addr = InetAddress.getByName(null); Socket socket = new Socket(addr,2000); PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter( new BufferedWriter( new OutputStreamWriter( socket.getOutputStream())),true); byte[] b = new byte[2048]; String msg = new String(b,0,System.in.read(b)); out.println(msg); socket.close(); }}//Servers.java import java.io.*; import java.net.*; public class Servers{ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ServerSocket s = new ServerSocket(2000); try{ while(true){ Socket socket = s.accept(); try{ BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader( socket.getInputStream())); StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); int c; while( (c = in.read()) != -1 ){ char ch = (char)c; sb.append(ch); } System.out.println(sb.toString()); }catch(IOException e){ socket.close(); }finally{ socket.close(); } }//while }finally{ s.close(); }//try }//main}此程式主要用Servers來進行無限監聽,而Clients是客戶機發送程式,他們的端口全採用2000。 eg2://UDPsend.java import java.io.*; import java.net.*;/** * This class sends the specified text or file as a datagram to the * specified port of the specified host. **/ public class UDPSend { public static final String usage = "Usage: java UDPSend .../n" + " or: java UDPSend -f "; public static void main(String args[]) { try { // Check the number of arguments if (args.length <3) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Wrong number of args"); // Parse the arguments String host = args[0]; int port = Integer.parseInt(args[1]); // Figure out the message to send. // If the third argument is -f, then send the contents of the file // specified as the fourth argument. Otherwise, concatenate the // third and all remaining arguments and send that. byte[] message; if (args[2].equals("-f")) { File f = new File(args[3]); int len = (int)f.length(); // figure out how big the file is message = new byte[len]; // create a buffer big enough FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(f); int bytes_read = 0, n; do { // loop until we've read it all n = in.read(message, bytes_read, len-bytes_read); bytes_read += n; } while((bytes_read
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