Unity3D的幾種座標系

World Space（世界座標）：我們在場景中添加物體（如：Cube），他們都是以世界座標顯示在場景中的。transform.position可以獲得該位置座標。該文章出自【狗刨學習網】
Screen Space（屏幕座標，鼠標座標）:以像素來定義的，以屏幕的左下角爲（0，0）點，右上角爲（Screen.width，Screen.height），Z的位置是以相機的世界單位來衡量的。注：鼠標位置座標屬於屏幕座標，Input.mousePosition可以獲得該位置座標，手指觸摸屏幕也爲屏幕座標，Input.GetTouch(0).position可以獲得單個手指觸摸屏幕座標。
ViewPort Space（視口座標）:視口座標是標準的和相對於相機的。相機的左下角爲（0，0）點，右上角爲（1，1）點，Z的位置是以相機的世界單位來衡量的。（用的不多，反正我暫時沒有用到~呵呵~）
繪製GUI界面的座標系：這個座標系與屏幕座標系相似，不同的是該座標系以屏幕的左上角爲（0，0）點，右下角爲（Screen.width，Screen.height）。
LineRender座標：以屏幕中心爲原點，向上向右增加。

世界座標→屏幕座標：camera.WorldToScreenPoint(transform.position);這樣可以將世界座標轉換爲屏幕座標。其中camera爲場景中的camera對象。
屏幕座標→視口座標：camera.ScreenToViewportPoint(Input.GetTouch(0).position);這樣可以將屏幕座標轉換爲視口座標。其中camera爲場景中的camera對象。
視口座標→屏幕座標：camera.ViewportToScreenPoint();
視口座標→世界座標：camera.ViewportToWorldPoint();

案例1——在鼠標點擊的位置上繪製一張圖片出來（關於繪製GUI界面座標系與屏幕座標系之間的關係）。

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class ScreenToGUI : MonoBehaviour {
// Use this for initialization
void Start () {
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update () {
}
//圖片
public Texture img;
//儲存鼠標的位置座標
private Vector2 pos;
void OnGUI()
{
//鼠標左擊，獲取當前鼠標的位置
if (Input.GetMouseButton(0))
{
pos = Input.mousePosition; //屏幕座標
}
//繪製圖片，屏幕座標和GUI界面座標只在Y軸上方向相反，只要被Screen.height減就可以互相轉換。
GUI.DrawTexture(new Rect(pos.x, Screen.height - pos.y, 100, 100), img);
}
}

複製代碼

案例2——角色頭頂的名字（世界座標轉GUI界面座標）先世界座標轉屏幕座標，再屏幕座標轉GUI界面座標

代碼如下：

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class Blood : MonoBehaviour {
public static float ScaleWidht = 0f;
public static float ScaleHeight = 0f;
private Rect _drawRect = new Rect();
public float Width = 0f;
public float Height = 10f;
public const float DesignStageWidth = 800;
public const float DesignStageHeight = 480;
public Vector2 pos2;
public float size_z;
// Use this for initialization
void Start () {
ScaleWidht = Screen.width / DesignStageWidth;
ScaleHeight = Screen.height / DesignStageHeight;
Height = 2f;
size_z = transform.gameObject.collider.bounds.size.z;
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update () {
//世界座標轉換到屏幕座標
print(transform.forward);
pos2 = Camera.main.WorldToScreenPoint(transform.position + transform.forward * (size_z / 2));
//計算角色頭頂座標
pos2 = new Vector2(pos2.x, Screen.height - pos2.y - Height);
//Vector3 worldPosition = new Vector3(transform.position.x, transform.position.y + Height, transform.position.z);
//worldPosition = Camera.mainCamera.WorldToScreenPoint(worldPosition);
//_drawRect = new Rect((worldPosition.x - 100 * ScaleWidht) / ScaleWidht, (Screen.height - worldPosition.y - 50 * ScaleHeight) / ScaleHeight, 200, 50);
}
void OnGUI()
{
//GUILayout.BeginArea(_drawRect);
// GUILayout.Label("======哈哈======");
//GUILayout.EndArea();
GUI.Label(new Rect(pos2.x, pos2.y, 100, 50), "=BETTER=");
}
}

複製代碼

案例3——類似屏幕解鎖功能的實現（屏幕座標轉換爲世界座標）

首先是創建LineRenderer。GameObject -> Create Empty ->更名爲“LineRendererObj”，給LineRendererObj添加“Line Renderer”組件，Component ->Effects ->Line Renderer;將它的Positions 的size 設置爲0

接下來是代碼touch.CS：

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
public class touch : MonoBehaviour {
private Event e;
public Texture2D Point;
public Color c1 = Color.yellow;
public Color c2 = Color.red;
public int lengthOfLineRenderer;
public GameObject LineRendererPrefab;
private LineRenderer lineRenderer;
/// <summary>
/// 保存創建的Line Renderer
/// </summary>
private List<LineRenderer> lineRendArray =new List<LineRenderer>();
private Vector3 screenPoint;
private Vector3 scanPos;
private Color[] color;
/// <summary>
/// 記錄宮格所在GUI位置
/// </summary>
public List<Rect> AreaRect = new List<Rect>();
/// <summary>
/// 記錄宮格中心點
/// </summary>
public List<Vector2> CenterPointList = new List<Vector2>();
/// <summary>
/// 宮格標籤
/// </summary>
public int RectFlag;
/// <summary>
/// 記錄正確的滑動順序
/// </summary>
public List<int> KeyOrder = new List<int>();
/// <summary>
/// 記錄玩家滑動順序
/// </summary>
public List<int> PlayerKeyOrder = new List<int>();
/// <summary>
/// 判斷開始鼠標位置是否可畫
/// </summary>
public bool CheckStartRect=false;
/// <summary>
/// 判斷結束鼠標位置是否可畫
/// </summary>
public bool CheckEndRect = false;
/// <summary>
/// 行數
/// </summary>
public int Row = 4;
/// <summary>
/// 列數
/// </summary>
public int Column = 4;
void Start()
{
e = Event.current;
scanPos = LineRendererPrefab.transform.position;
lineRenderer = (LineRenderer)LineRendererPrefab.GetComponent("LineRenderer");
lineRenderer.material = new Material(Shader.Find("Particles/Additive"));
lengthOfLineRenderer = 0;
lineRenderer.SetColors(c1, c2);
lineRenderer.SetWidth(0.7F, 0.7F);
lineRenderer.SetVertexCount(0);
color = new Color[8];
color[0] = Color.yellow;
color[1] = Color.blue;
color[2] = Color.cyan;
color[3] = Color.gray;
color[4] = Color.green;
color[5] = Color.grey;
color[6] = Color.magenta;
color[7] = Color.red;
for (int RowCount = 0; RowCount < Row; RowCount++)
{
for (int columnCount = 0; columnCount < Column; columnCount++)
{
Rect IconRect = new Rect(columnCount * Screen.width / Column + Screen.width / Column / 2 - Point.width / 2, RowCount * Screen.height / Row + Screen.height / Row / 2 - Point.height / 2, Point.width, Point.height);
AreaRect.Add(IconRect);
Vector2 CenterP = IconRect.center;//得到每個的中心點
CenterPointList.Add(CenterP);
}
}
}
void OnGUI()
{
e = Event.current;
for (int RowCount = 0; RowCount < Row; RowCount++)
{
for (int columnCount = 0; columnCount < Column; columnCount++)
{
Rect IconRect = new Rect(columnCount * Screen.width / Column + Screen.width / Column / 2 - Point.width / 2, RowCount * Screen.height / Row + Screen.height / Row / 2 - Point.height / 2, Point.width, Point.height);
GUI.Label(IconRect, Point);
}
}
}
void Update()
{
if (e != null)
{
if (e.type == EventType.MouseDown)
{
for (int i = 0; i < AreaRect.Count; i++)
{
if (AreaRect[i].Contains(new Vector3(Input.mousePosition.x, Screen.height - Input.mousePosition.y, Input.mousePosition.z)))
{
CheckStartRect = true;
print("Contains");
PlayerKeyOrder.Add(i);
RectFlag = i;
break;
}
else
{
CheckStartRect = false;
}
}
if (CheckStartRect)
{
print("MouseDown_____");
//Vector3 curPosition = mousePToLineRendererP();
Vector3 curPosition = centerPToLineRendererP(RectFlag);
GameObject newObj;
newObj = (GameObject)Instantiate(LineRendererPrefab, LineRendererPrefab.transform.position, LineRendererPrefab.transform.rotation);
lineRenderer = (LineRenderer)newObj.GetComponent("LineRenderer");
int n = Random.Range(1, 8);
c1 = color[n - 1];
n = Random.Range(1, 8);
c2 = color[n - 1];
lineRenderer.SetColors(c1, c2);
lineRenderer.SetVertexCount(1);
lineRenderer.SetWidth(0.7F, 0.7F);
lineRenderer.SetPosition(0, curPosition);
lineRendArray.Add(lineRenderer);
lengthOfLineRenderer++;
}
}
if (e.type == EventType.MouseDrag&&CheckStartRect)
{
print("MouseDrag_____");
Vector3 curPosition = mousePToLineRendererP();
DrawRenderLine(lineRendArray[lengthOfLineRenderer - 1], curPosition);
}
if (e.type == EventType.MouseUp && CheckStartRect)
{
for (int i = 0; i < AreaRect.Count; i++)
{
if (AreaRect[i].Contains(new Vector3(Input.mousePosition.x, Screen.height - Input.mousePosition.y, Input.mousePosition.z)))
{
CheckEndRect = true;
PlayerKeyOrder.Add(i);
RectFlag = i;
print("EndContains");
break;
}
else
{
CheckEndRect = false;
}
}
if (CheckEndRect)
{
Vector3 curPosition = centerPToLineRendererP(RectFlag);
DrawRenderLine(lineRendArray[lengthOfLineRenderer - 1], curPosition);
}
else
{
PlayerKeyOrder.RemoveAt(PlayerKeyOrder.Count - 1);
Destroy(lineRendArray[lengthOfLineRenderer - 1].gameObject);
//lengthOfLineRenderer--;
}
}
}
}
void DrawRenderLine(LineRenderer line, Vector3 vect3)
{
Vector3 newPos = vect3;
line.SetVertexCount(2);
line.SetPosition(1, newPos);
print("new point: " + newPos);
}
//public Vector2 RectCenterPoint(Rect AreaRect) //計算一個Rect的中心點
//{
// Vector2 CenterPoint=Vector2.zero;
// print("Rect:"+AreaRect);
// CenterPoint.x=AreaRect.xMin+AreaRect.width/2;
// CenterPoint.y=AreaRect.yMin+AreaRect.height/2;
// print("CenterPoint:"+CenterPoint);
// return CenterPoint;
//}
/// <summary>
/// 鼠標所在位置轉換爲LineRenderer的位置
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public Vector3 mousePToLineRendererP()
{
screenPoint = Camera.main.WorldToScreenPoint(scanPos);
Vector3 curScreenPoint = new Vector3(Input.mousePosition.x, Input.mousePosition.y, screenPoint.z);
Vector3 curPosition = Camera.main.ScreenToWorldPoint(curScreenPoint);
print("curScreenPoint: " + curScreenPoint);
print("curPosition: " + curPosition);
return curPosition;
}
/// <summary>
/// 鼠標所在區域的中心點轉換爲LineRenderer的位置
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public Vector3 centerPToLineRendererP(int Flag)
{
screenPoint = Camera.main.WorldToScreenPoint(scanPos);
Vector3 curScreenPoint = new Vector3(CenterPointList[Flag].x,Screen.height-CenterPointList[Flag].y,screenPoint.z);
Vector3 curPosition = Camera.main.ScreenToWorldPoint(curScreenPoint);
print("curScreenPoint: " + curScreenPoint);
print("curPosition: " + curPosition);
return curPosition;
}
}

複製代碼

把touch.CS綁定在Camera上，設置如下：

運行後可以任意點間連線，如圖：

World Space（世界座標）：我們在場景中添加物體（如：Cube），他們都是以世界座標顯示在場景中的。transform.position可以獲得該位置座標。該文章出自【狗刨學習網】
Screen Space（屏幕座標，鼠標座標）:以像素來定義的，以屏幕的左下角爲（0，0）點，右上角爲（Screen.width，Screen.height），Z的位置是以相機的世界單位來衡量的。注：鼠標位置座標屬於屏幕座標，Input.mousePosition可以獲得該位置座標，手指觸摸屏幕也爲屏幕座標，Input.GetTouch(0).position可以獲得單個手指觸摸屏幕座標。
ViewPort Space（視口座標）:視口座標是標準的和相對於相機的。相機的左下角爲（0，0）點，右上角爲（1，1）點，Z的位置是以相機的世界單位來衡量的。（用的不多，反正我暫時沒有用到~呵呵~）
繪製GUI界面的座標系：這個座標系與屏幕座標系相似，不同的是該座標系以屏幕的左上角爲（0，0）點，右下角爲（Screen.width，Screen.height）。
LineRender座標：以屏幕中心爲原點，向上向右增加。

世界座標→屏幕座標：camera.WorldToScreenPoint(transform.position);這樣可以將世界座標轉換爲屏幕座標。其中camera爲場景中的camera對象。
屏幕座標→視口座標：camera.ScreenToViewportPoint(Input.GetTouch(0).position);這樣可以將屏幕座標轉換爲視口座標。其中camera爲場景中的camera對象。
視口座標→屏幕座標：camera.ViewportToScreenPoint();
視口座標→世界座標：camera.ViewportToWorldPoint();

案例1——在鼠標點擊的位置上繪製一張圖片出來（關於繪製GUI界面座標系與屏幕座標系之間的關係）。

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class ScreenToGUI : MonoBehaviour {
// Use this for initialization
void Start () {
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update () {
}
//圖片
public Texture img;
//儲存鼠標的位置座標
private Vector2 pos;
void OnGUI()
{
//鼠標左擊，獲取當前鼠標的位置
if (Input.GetMouseButton(0))
{
pos = Input.mousePosition; //屏幕座標
}
//繪製圖片，屏幕座標和GUI界面座標只在Y軸上方向相反，只要被Screen.height減就可以互相轉換。
GUI.DrawTexture(new Rect(pos.x, Screen.height - pos.y, 100, 100), img);
}
}

複製代碼

案例2——角色頭頂的名字（世界座標轉GUI界面座標）先世界座標轉屏幕座標，再屏幕座標轉GUI界面座標

代碼如下：

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class Blood : MonoBehaviour {
public static float ScaleWidht = 0f;
public static float ScaleHeight = 0f;
private Rect _drawRect = new Rect();
public float Width = 0f;
public float Height = 10f;
public const float DesignStageWidth = 800;
public const float DesignStageHeight = 480;
public Vector2 pos2;
public float size_z;
// Use this for initialization
void Start () {
ScaleWidht = Screen.width / DesignStageWidth;
ScaleHeight = Screen.height / DesignStageHeight;
Height = 2f;
size_z = transform.gameObject.collider.bounds.size.z;
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update () {
//世界座標轉換到屏幕座標
print(transform.forward);
pos2 = Camera.main.WorldToScreenPoint(transform.position + transform.forward * (size_z / 2));
//計算角色頭頂座標
pos2 = new Vector2(pos2.x, Screen.height - pos2.y - Height);
//Vector3 worldPosition = new Vector3(transform.position.x, transform.position.y + Height, transform.position.z);
//worldPosition = Camera.mainCamera.WorldToScreenPoint(worldPosition);
//_drawRect = new Rect((worldPosition.x - 100 * ScaleWidht) / ScaleWidht, (Screen.height - worldPosition.y - 50 * ScaleHeight) / ScaleHeight, 200, 50);
}
void OnGUI()
{
//GUILayout.BeginArea(_drawRect);
// GUILayout.Label("======哈哈======");
//GUILayout.EndArea();
GUI.Label(new Rect(pos2.x, pos2.y, 100, 50), "=BETTER=");
}
}

複製代碼

案例3——類似屏幕解鎖功能的實現（屏幕座標轉換爲世界座標）

接下來是代碼touch.CS：

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
public class touch : MonoBehaviour {
private Event e;
public Texture2D Point;
public Color c1 = Color.yellow;
public Color c2 = Color.red;
public int lengthOfLineRenderer;
public GameObject LineRendererPrefab;
private LineRenderer lineRenderer;
/// <summary>
/// 保存創建的Line Renderer
/// </summary>
private List<LineRenderer> lineRendArray =new List<LineRenderer>();
private Vector3 screenPoint;
private Vector3 scanPos;
private Color[] color;
/// <summary>
/// 記錄宮格所在GUI位置
/// </summary>
public List<Rect> AreaRect = new List<Rect>();
/// <summary>
/// 記錄宮格中心點
/// </summary>
public List<Vector2> CenterPointList = new List<Vector2>();
/// <summary>
/// 宮格標籤
/// </summary>
public int RectFlag;
/// <summary>
/// 記錄正確的滑動順序
/// </summary>
public List<int> KeyOrder = new List<int>();
/// <summary>
/// 記錄玩家滑動順序
/// </summary>
public List<int> PlayerKeyOrder = new List<int>();
/// <summary>
/// 判斷開始鼠標位置是否可畫
/// </summary>
public bool CheckStartRect=false;
/// <summary>
/// 判斷結束鼠標位置是否可畫
/// </summary>
public bool CheckEndRect = false;
/// <summary>
/// 行數
/// </summary>
public int Row = 4;
/// <summary>
/// 列數
/// </summary>
public int Column = 4;
void Start()
{
e = Event.current;
scanPos = LineRendererPrefab.transform.position;
lineRenderer = (LineRenderer)LineRendererPrefab.GetComponent("LineRenderer");
lineRenderer.material = new Material(Shader.Find("Particles/Additive"));
lengthOfLineRenderer = 0;
lineRenderer.SetColors(c1, c2);
lineRenderer.SetWidth(0.7F, 0.7F);
lineRenderer.SetVertexCount(0);
color = new Color[8];
color[0] = Color.yellow;
color[1] = Color.blue;
color[2] = Color.cyan;
color[3] = Color.gray;
color[4] = Color.green;
color[5] = Color.grey;
color[6] = Color.magenta;
color[7] = Color.red;
for (int RowCount = 0; RowCount < Row; RowCount++)
{
for (int columnCount = 0; columnCount < Column; columnCount++)
{
Rect IconRect = new Rect(columnCount * Screen.width / Column + Screen.width / Column / 2 - Point.width / 2, RowCount * Screen.height / Row + Screen.height / Row / 2 - Point.height / 2, Point.width, Point.height);
AreaRect.Add(IconRect);
Vector2 CenterP = IconRect.center;//得到每個的中心點
CenterPointList.Add(CenterP);
}
}
}
void OnGUI()
{
e = Event.current;
for (int RowCount = 0; RowCount < Row; RowCount++)
{
for (int columnCount = 0; columnCount < Column; columnCount++)
{
Rect IconRect = new Rect(columnCount * Screen.width / Column + Screen.width / Column / 2 - Point.width / 2, RowCount * Screen.height / Row + Screen.height / Row / 2 - Point.height / 2, Point.width, Point.height);
GUI.Label(IconRect, Point);
}
}
}
void Update()
{
if (e != null)
{
if (e.type == EventType.MouseDown)
{
for (int i = 0; i < AreaRect.Count; i++)
{
if (AreaRect[i].Contains(new Vector3(Input.mousePosition.x, Screen.height - Input.mousePosition.y, Input.mousePosition.z)))
{
CheckStartRect = true;
print("Contains");
PlayerKeyOrder.Add(i);
RectFlag = i;
break;
}
else
{
CheckStartRect = false;
}
}
if (CheckStartRect)
{
print("MouseDown_____");
//Vector3 curPosition = mousePToLineRendererP();
Vector3 curPosition = centerPToLineRendererP(RectFlag);
GameObject newObj;
newObj = (GameObject)Instantiate(LineRendererPrefab, LineRendererPrefab.transform.position, LineRendererPrefab.transform.rotation);
lineRenderer = (LineRenderer)newObj.GetComponent("LineRenderer");
int n = Random.Range(1, 8);
c1 = color[n - 1];
n = Random.Range(1, 8);
c2 = color[n - 1];
lineRenderer.SetColors(c1, c2);
lineRenderer.SetVertexCount(1);
lineRenderer.SetWidth(0.7F, 0.7F);
lineRenderer.SetPosition(0, curPosition);
lineRendArray.Add(lineRenderer);
lengthOfLineRenderer++;
}
}
if (e.type == EventType.MouseDrag&&CheckStartRect)
{
print("MouseDrag_____");
Vector3 curPosition = mousePToLineRendererP();
DrawRenderLine(lineRendArray[lengthOfLineRenderer - 1], curPosition);
}
if (e.type == EventType.MouseUp && CheckStartRect)
{
for (int i = 0; i < AreaRect.Count; i++)
{
if (AreaRect[i].Contains(new Vector3(Input.mousePosition.x, Screen.height - Input.mousePosition.y, Input.mousePosition.z)))
{
CheckEndRect = true;
PlayerKeyOrder.Add(i);
RectFlag = i;
print("EndContains");
break;
}
else
{
CheckEndRect = false;
}
}
if (CheckEndRect)
{
Vector3 curPosition = centerPToLineRendererP(RectFlag);
DrawRenderLine(lineRendArray[lengthOfLineRenderer - 1], curPosition);
}
else
{
PlayerKeyOrder.RemoveAt(PlayerKeyOrder.Count - 1);
Destroy(lineRendArray[lengthOfLineRenderer - 1].gameObject);
//lengthOfLineRenderer--;
}
}
}
}
void DrawRenderLine(LineRenderer line, Vector3 vect3)
{
Vector3 newPos = vect3;
line.SetVertexCount(2);
line.SetPosition(1, newPos);
print("new point: " + newPos);
}
//public Vector2 RectCenterPoint(Rect AreaRect) //計算一個Rect的中心點
//{
// Vector2 CenterPoint=Vector2.zero;
// print("Rect:"+AreaRect);
// CenterPoint.x=AreaRect.xMin+AreaRect.width/2;
// CenterPoint.y=AreaRect.yMin+AreaRect.height/2;
// print("CenterPoint:"+CenterPoint);
// return CenterPoint;
//}
/// <summary>
/// 鼠標所在位置轉換爲LineRenderer的位置
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public Vector3 mousePToLineRendererP()
{
screenPoint = Camera.main.WorldToScreenPoint(scanPos);
Vector3 curScreenPoint = new Vector3(Input.mousePosition.x, Input.mousePosition.y, screenPoint.z);
Vector3 curPosition = Camera.main.ScreenToWorldPoint(curScreenPoint);
print("curScreenPoint: " + curScreenPoint);
print("curPosition: " + curPosition);
return curPosition;
}
/// <summary>
/// 鼠標所在區域的中心點轉換爲LineRenderer的位置
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public Vector3 centerPToLineRendererP(int Flag)
{
screenPoint = Camera.main.WorldToScreenPoint(scanPos);
Vector3 curScreenPoint = new Vector3(CenterPointList[Flag].x,Screen.height-CenterPointList[Flag].y,screenPoint.z);
Vector3 curPosition = Camera.main.ScreenToWorldPoint(curScreenPoint);
print("curScreenPoint: " + curScreenPoint);
print("curPosition: " + curPosition);
return curPosition;
}
}

複製代碼

把touch.CS綁定在Camera上，設置如下：

運行後可以任意點間連線，如圖：

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