1. 註釋
Example:# This is a comment
2. 轉義字符
Example:ls ??
cat file[1-3]
echo "How are you?"
3. 輸出
Example:echo "Hello world"
3. 局部變量
Example:
variable_name=value
declare variable_name=value
name="John Doe"
x=5
注:等號兩邊不能有空格存在
4. 全局變量
Example:
export VARIABLE_NAME=value
declare -x VARIABLE_NAME=value
export PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:.
5. 變量輸出
Example:
echo $variable_name
echo $name
echo $PATH
6. 輸入
Example:
read variable_name
read name1 name2 ...
7. 參數
Example:
$scriptename arg1 arg2 arg3
在腳本內可以使用如下方式訪問參數
echo $1 $2 $3 輸出參數arg1, arg2, arg3
echo $* 輸出所有參數
echo $# 輸出參數個數
8. 數組
Example:
declare -a array_name=(world1 world2 world3 ...)
declare -a fruit=(apples pears plums)
echo ${fruit[0]}
9. 命令
Example:
variable_name=`command`
variable_name=$(command)
10. 算術操作
Example:
declare -i variable_name
typeset -i variable_name
((n=5+5))
echo $n
11. test命令操作符
==
!=
>
>=
<
<=
12. if條件語句
Example:if command
then
block of statements
fi
if command
then
block of statements
elif command
then
block of statements
fi
if [[ expression ]]
then
block of statements
fi
if (( numeric expression ))
then
block of statements
else
block of statements
fi
13. case語句
Example:
case variable_name in
pattern1)
statements
;;
pattern2)
statements
;;
pattern3)
statements
;;
esac
14. 循環
Example:
while command
do
block of statements
done
until command
do
block of statements
done
while [[ string expression ]]
do
block of statements
done
until [[ string expression ]]
do
block of statements
done
for variable in word_list
do
block of statements
done
select variable in word_list
do
block of statement
done
15. 函數
Example:
function_name() {
block of code
}
function function_name {
block of code
}
=== end ===