決策樹（Python實現）

這篇文章是《機器學習實戰》（Machine Learning in Action）第三章 決策樹算法的Python實現代碼。

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1 參考鏈接

機器學習實戰

2 實現代碼

2.1 treePlotter.py

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

desicionNode = dict(boxstyle='sawtooth', fc='0.8')
leafNode = dict(boxstyle='round4', fc='0.8')
arrow_args = dict(arrowstyle='<-')

def plotNode(nodeTxt, centerPt, parentPt, nodeType):
    createPlot.ax1.annotate(nodeTxt, xy=parentPt,xycoords='axes fraction',\
        xytext=centerPt, textcoords='axes fraction', va='center',\
        ha='center', bbox=nodeType, arrowprops=arrow_args)

def createPlot():
    fig = plt.figure(1, facecolor='white')
    fig.clf()
    createPlot.ax1 = plt.subplot(111, frameon=False)
    plotNode(U'desicion',(0.5,0.1),(0.1,0.5), desicionNode)
    plotNode(U'leaf', (0.8,0.1),(0.3,0.8), leafNode)
    plt.show()

def createPlot(inTree):
    fig = plt.figure(1, facecolor='white')
    fig.clf()
    axprops = dict(xticks=[], yticks=[])
    createPlot.ax1 = plt.subplot(111, frameon=False, **axprops)
    plotTree.totalW = float(getNumLeafs(inTree))
    plotTree.totalD = float(getTreeDepth(inTree))
    plotTree.xOff = -0.5/plotTree.totalW
    plotTree.xOff = 0.0 
    plotTree.yOff = 1.0
    plotTree(inTree, (0.5, 1.0), '')
    plt.show()

def getNumLeafs(myTree):
    numLeafs = 0
    firstStr = myTree.keys()[0]
    secondDict = myTree[firstStr]
    for key in secondDict.keys():
        if type(secondDict[key]).__name__=='dict':
            numLeafs += getNumLeafs(secondDict[key])
        else:
            numLeafs += 1
    return numLeafs

def getTreeDepth(myTree):
    maxDepth = 0
    firstStr = myTree.keys()[0]
    secondDict = myTree[firstStr]
    for key in secondDict.keys():
        if type(secondDict[key]).__name__ == 'dict':
            thisDepth = 1 + getTreeDepth(secondDict[key])
        else:
            thisDepth = 1
        if thisDepth > maxDepth:
            maxDepth = thisDepth
    return maxDepth

def retrieveTree(i):
    listOfTrees = [{'no surfacing':{0:'no',1:{'flippers':\
        {0:'no', 1:'yes'}}}},
                   {'no surfacing':{0:'no',1:{'flippers':\
        {0:{'head':{0:'no',1:'yes'}}, 1:'no'}}}}]
    return listOfTrees[i]

def plotMidText(cntrPt, parentPt, txtString):
    xMid = (parentPt[0]-cntrPt[0])/2.0 + cntrPt[0]
    yMid = (parentPt[1]-cntrPt[1])/2.0 + cntrPt[1]
    createPlot.ax1.text(xMid, yMid, txtString)

def plotTree(myTree, parentPt, nodeTxt):
    numLeafs = getNumLeafs(myTree)
    depth = getTreeDepth(myTree)
    firstStr = myTree.keys()[0]
    cntrPt = (plotTree.xOff + (1.0 + float(numLeafs))/2.0/plotTree.totalW,plotTree.yOff)
    plotMidText(cntrPt, parentPt, nodeTxt)
    plotNode(firstStr, cntrPt, parentPt, desicionNode)
    secondDict = myTree[firstStr]
    plotTree.yOff = plotTree.yOff - 1.0/plotTree.totalD
    for key in secondDict.keys():
        if type(secondDict[key]).__name__ == 'dict':
            plotTree(secondDict[key], cntrPt, str(key))
        else:
            plotTree.xOff = plotTree.xOff + 1.0/plotTree.totalW
            plotNode(secondDict[key], (plotTree.xOff, plotTree.yOff), cntrPt, leafNode)
            plotMidText((plotTree.xOff, plotTree.yOff), cntrPt, str(key))
    plotTree.yOff = plotTree.yOff + 1.0/plotTree.totalD


# TEST
#myTree = retrieveTree(0)
#myTree['no surfacing'][3] = 'maybe'
#createPlot(myTree)

2.2 trees.py

from math import log
import operator
import treePlotter

def createDataSet():
    dataSet = [[1,1,'yes'],
               [1,1,'yes'],
               [1,0,'no'],
               [0,1,'no'],
               [0,1,'no']]
    labels = ['no surfacing', 'flippers']
    return dataSet, labels

def calcShannonEnt(dataSet):
    numEntries = len(dataSet)
    labelCounts = {}
    for featVec in dataSet:
        currentLabel = featVec[-1]
        if currentLabel not in labelCounts.keys():
            labelCounts[currentLabel] = 0
        labelCounts[currentLabel] += 1
    shannonEnt = 0.0
    for key in labelCounts:
        prob = float(labelCounts[key])/numEntries
        shannonEnt -= prob*log(prob, 2)
    return shannonEnt

def splitDataSet(dataSet, axis, value):
    retDataSet = []
    for featVec in dataSet:
        if featVec[axis] == value:
            reducedFeatVec = featVec[:axis]
            reducedFeatVec.extend(featVec[axis+1:])
            retDataSet.append(reducedFeatVec)
    return retDataSet

def chooseBestFeatureToSplit(dataSet):
    numFeatures = len(dataSet[0])-1
    baseEntropy = calcShannonEnt(dataSet)
    baseInfoGain =0.0
    bestFeature = -1
    for i in range(numFeatures):
        featList = [example[i] for example in dataSet]
        uniqueVals = set(featList)
        newEntropy = 0.0
        for value in uniqueVals:
            subDataSet = splitDataSet(dataSet, i, value)
            prob = len(subDataSet)/float(len(dataSet))
            newEntropy += prob*calcShannonEnt(subDataSet)
        infoGain = baseEntropy - newEntropy
        if(infoGain > baseInfoGain):
            baseInfoGain = infoGain
            bestFeature = i
    return bestFeature

def majorityCnt(classList):
    classCount = {}
    for vote in classList:
        if vote not in classCount.keys():
            classCount[vote] = 0
        classCount += 1
    sortedClassCount = sorted(classCount.iteritems(),\
        key=operator.itemgetter(1), reverse=True)
    return sortedClassCount[0][0]

def createTree(dataSet, labels):
    classList = [example[-1] for example in dataSet]
    if classList.count(classList[0]) == len(classList):
        return classList[0]
    if len(dataSet[0]) == 1:
        return majorityCnt(classList)
    bestFeat = chooseBestFeatureToSplit(dataSet)
    bestFeatLabel = labels[bestFeat]
    myTree = {bestFeatLabel:{}}
    del (labels[bestFeat])
    featValues = [example[bestFeat] for example in dataSet]
    uniqueVals = set(featValues)
    for value in uniqueVals:
        subLabels = labels[:]
        myTree[bestFeatLabel][value] = createTree(splitDataSet\
            (dataSet, bestFeat, value), subLabels)
    return myTree

def classify(inputTree, featLabels, testVec):
    firstStr = inputTree.keys()[0]
    secondDict = inputTree[firstStr]
    featIndex = featLabels.index(firstStr)
    for key in secondDict.keys():
        if testVec[featIndex] == key:
            if type(secondDict[key]).__name__ == 'dict':
                classLabel = classify(secondDict[key], featLabels, testVec)
            else:
                classLabel = secondDict[key]
    return classLabel

def storeTree(inputTree, filename):
    import pickle
    fw = open(filename, 'w')
    pickle.dump(inputTree, fw)
    fw.close()

def grabTree(filename):
    import pickle
    fr = open(filename)
    return pickle.load(fr)

# TEST
fr = open('lenses.txt')
lenses=[inst.strip().split('\t') for inst in fr.readlines()]
lensesLabels = ['age', 'prescript','astigmatic', 'tearRate']
lenseTree = createTree(lenses, lensesLabels)
treePlotter.createPlot(lenseTree)

3 運行結果