spring 事務管理配置總結

前段時間對Spring的事務配置做了比較深入的研究，在此之間對Spring的事務配置雖說也配置過，但是一直沒有一個清楚的認識。通過這次的學習發覺Spring的事務配置只要把思路理清，還是比較好掌握的。

總結如下：

Spring配置文件中關於事務配置總是由三個組成部分，分別是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理機制這三部分，無論哪種配置方式，一般變化的只是代理機制這部分。

DataSource、TransactionManager這兩部分只是會根據數據訪問方式有所變化，比如使用Hibernate進行數據訪問時，DataSource實際爲SessionFactory，TransactionManager的實現爲HibernateTransactionManager。

具體如下圖：

根據代理機制的不同，總結了五種Spring事務的配置方式，配置文件如下：

第一種方式：每個Bean都有一個代理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

<beanid="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
<propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
</bean>

<!--定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務）-->
<beanid="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>

<!--配置DAO-->
<beanid="userDaoTarget"class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
<propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>

<beanid="userDao"
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
<!--配置事務管理器-->
<propertyname="transactionManager"ref="transactionManager"/>
<propertyname="target"ref="userDaoTarget"/>
<propertyname="proxyInterfaces"value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao"/>
<!--配置事務屬性-->
<propertyname="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<propkey="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>

第二種方式：所有Bean共享一個代理基類

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

<beanid="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
<propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
</bean>

<!--定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務）-->
<beanid="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>

<beanid="transactionBase"
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
lazy-init="true"abstract="true">
<!--配置事務管理器-->
<propertyname="transactionManager"ref="transactionManager"/>
<!--配置事務屬性-->
<propertyname="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<propkey="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>

<!--配置DAO-->
<beanid="userDaoTarget"class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
<propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>

<beanid="userDao"parent="transactionBase">
<propertyname="target"ref="userDaoTarget"/>
</bean>
</beans>

第三種方式：使用攔截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

<beanid="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
<propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
</bean>

<!--定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務）-->
<beanid="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>

<beanid="transactionInterceptor"
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
<propertyname="transactionManager"ref="transactionManager"/>
<!--配置事務屬性-->
<propertyname="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<propkey="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>

<beanclass="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
<propertyname="beanNames">
<list>
<value>*Dao</value>
</list>
</property>
<propertyname="interceptorNames">
<list>
<value>transactionInterceptor</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>

<!--配置DAO-->
<beanid="userDao"class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
<propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
</beans>

第四種方式：使用tx標籤配置的攔截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

<context:annotation-config/>
<context:component-scanbase-package="com.bluesky"/>

<beanid="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
<propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
</bean>

<!--定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務）-->
<beanid="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>

<tx:adviceid="txAdvice"transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:methodname="*"propagation="REQUIRED"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>

<aop:config>
<aop:pointcutid="interceptorPointCuts"
expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))"/>
<aop:advisoradvice-ref="txAdvice"
pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts"/>
</aop:config>
</beans>

第五種方式：全註解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

<context:annotation-config/>
<context:component-scanbase-package="com.bluesky"/>

<tx:annotation-driventransaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

<beanid="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
<propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
</bean>

<!--定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務）-->
<beanid="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>

</beans>

此時在DAO上需加上@Transactional註解，如下：

packagecom.bluesky.spring.dao;

importjava.util.List;

importorg.hibernate.SessionFactory;
importorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
importorg.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
importorg.springframework.stereotype.Component;

importcom.bluesky.spring.domain.User;

@Transactional
@Component("userDao")
publicclassUserDaoImplextendsHibernateDaoSupportimplementsUserDao {

publicList<User>listUsers() {
returnthis.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();
}


}