Android 6.0动态权限申请

从安卓6.0开始，有部分危险权限申请需要在运行时候申请，一般是你的目标版本targetSdkVersion大于或等于23就要动态申请权限了，否则APP在运行当中会崩溃。

一、基础知识

1、权限种类

权限分两种：正常权限和危险权限。危险权限在targetSdkVersion大于或等于23就要动态申请权限了。危险权限有以下几种：

权限组	权限
CALENDAR	READ_CALENDAR
	WRITE_CALENDAR
CAMERA	CAMERA
CONTACTS	READ_CONTACTS
	WRITE_CONTACTS
	GET_ACCOUNTS
LOCATION	ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
	ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
MICROPHONE	RECORD_AUDIO
	WRITE_CALENDAR
PHONE	READ_PHONE_STATE
	CALL_PHONE
	READ_CALL_LOG
	WRITE_CALL_LOG
	ADD_VOICEMAIL
	USE_SIP
	PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
SENSORS	BODY_SENSORS
SMS	SEND_SMS
	RECEIVE_SMS
	READ_SMS
	RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
	RECEIVE_MMS
STORAGE	READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
	WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

每组权限中，用户只要授权该组下的一个权限，该组中所有权限都可以用。

2、权限相关

是否需要向用户解析需要申请的权限。

ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)

如果应用之前请求过此权限但用户拒绝了请求，此方法将返回 true。
如果用户在过去拒绝了权限请求，并在权限请求系统对话框中选择了 Don’t ask again 选项，此方法将返回 false。
如果设备规范禁止应用具有该权限，此方法也会返回 false。所以第一次进入APP申请该权限时，有些设备会返回false（第二次申请才为true）。

检查APP是否已经有权限。

ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(thisActivity, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)

返回PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED表示已拥有，不具有则返回PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED

权限申请

ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(thisActivity,
                new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},
                MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);

ActivityCompat.requestPermissions用于申请权限。
thisActivity，不用多说了，就是当前的Activity名字的一个实例（引用）。
new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS}是你要申请的权限，你可以写几个权限进入数组里申请。
MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS为你自己定义一个对应的号码，方便系统回调时识别。

处理权限请求响应

@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,
        String permissions[], int[] grantResults) {
        }

这里处理的是权限相应结果。
requestCode对应之前的你自己定义的号码MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS。
grantResults是权限申请结果数组。其结果可以是PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED或PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED

跳转到用户权限管理页面

Intent intent = new Intent();
                intent.setAction(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
                Log.d(TAG, "getPackageName(): " + activity.getPackageName());
                Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", activity.getPackageName(), null);
                intent.setData(uri);
                activity.startActivity(intent);

AndroidManifest里填写

这里填写的权限和普通的权限相差无异。

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS" />

二、权限申请

单权限申请

下面来实现一个单权限的申请。

package com.example.test;

import android.Manifest;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.provider.Settings;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.design.widget.Snackbar;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v7.app.AlertDialog;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Toast;


public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements ActivityCompat.OnRequestPermissionsResultCallback {
    private static String TAG = "MainActivity";



    View mLayout;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        mLayout = findViewById(R.id.activity_main);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(String permission) {
        return super.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(permission);
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        if (grantResults[0] != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            openSettingActivity(this, "没有此权限，无法开启这个功能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_READ_ACCOUNTS 和 PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS" );
        }
    }

    private static void openSettingActivity(final Activity activity, String message) {

        showMessageOKCancel(activity, message, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                Intent intent = new Intent();
                intent.setAction(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
                Log.d(TAG, "getPackageName(): " + activity.getPackageName());
                Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", activity.getPackageName(), null);
                intent.setData(uri);
                activity.startActivity(intent);
            }
        });
    }
    private static void showMessageOKCancel(final Activity context, String message, DialogInterface.OnClickListener okListener) {
        new AlertDialog.Builder(context)
                .setMessage(message)
                .setPositiveButton("OK", okListener)
                .setNegativeButton("Cancel", null)
                .create()
                .show();

    }


    public void showContacts(View v) {
        Log.i(TAG, "Show contacts button pressed. Checking permissions.");
        //检查是否够权限
        if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                || ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            Log.i(TAG, "Contact permissions has NOT been granted. Requesting permissions.");
            requestContactsPermissions();

        }
    }
    private static String[] PERMISSIONS_CONTACT = {Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS,
            Manifest.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS};
    /**
     * Id to identify a contacts permission request.
     */
    private static final int REQUEST_CONTACTS = 1;
    /**
     * 申请权限
     */
    private void requestContactsPermissions() {

        //检查是否用户点击了不再提示选项
        if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)
                || ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS)) {


            Log.i(TAG,     "Displaying contacts permission rationale to provide additional context.");
            //提示信息
            Snackbar.make(mLayout, "Contacts permissions are needed to demonstrate access.", Snackbar.LENGTH_INDEFINITE)
                    .setAction("ok", new View.OnClickListener() {
                        @Override
                        public void onClick(View view) {
                            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, PERMISSIONS_CONTACT, REQUEST_CONTACTS);
                        }
                    })
                    .show();
        } else {
            // Contact permissions have not been granted yet. Request them directly.
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, PERMISSIONS_CONTACT, REQUEST_CONTACTS);
        }

    }
}

权限申请清单

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS" />

实现流程：
1.检查是否有该权限
2.检查是否解析受限，如果有则直接申请权限，没有则弹窗提示用户申请权限。
3.系统回调onRequestPermissionsResult反馈申请结果。
4.如果用户拒绝就弹窗提示是否跳转到设置里面的应用软件权限设置页面。

多权限申请

多权限申请和单权限申请类似，在申请时候申请多个而已。

List<string> requestPermissions = new ArrayList<string>();
requestPermissions.add(Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO);
requestPermissions.add(Manifest.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS);
requestPermissions.add(Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE);
requestPermissions.add(Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE);
requestPermissions.add(Manifest.permission.CAMERA);
requestPermissions.add(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
requestPermissions.add(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION);
requestPermissions.add(Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
requestPermissions.add(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);

ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, requestPermissions.toArray(new String[requestPermissions.size()]), REQUEST_CONTACTS);

记得在AndroidManifest里填写对应的权限。

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS" />

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CALL_PHONE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_SMS"/>

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO"/>

相关资料链接：
https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting.html#perm-request
https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/security/permissions.html#defining
https://github.com/qianxiaoai/RuntimePermissionsDemo/tree/dev

谷歌Demo地址：https://github.com/googlesamples/android-RuntimePermissions

本文Demo：http://download.csdn.net/detail/loongago/9735260