emacs23
之前一直用vim，老感覺ESC鍵讓我很難受，總是要跨越那麼遠去按，於是想用emacs，先把emacs裝起來。
apt-get install emacs
哦拉，最起碼可以看文本，代碼了。然後看代碼，沒有行號，我鬱悶了。在網上找到方法解決，如下：
下載linum.el
我的內容如下，你也可以自己去網上下一個：
;;; linum.el --- Display line numbers to the left of buffers
;; Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 Markus Triska
;; Author: Markus Triska <[email protected]>
;; Keywords: convenience
;; This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
;; any later version.
;; This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
;; GNU General Public License for more details.
;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
;; the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
;; Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
;;; Commentary:
;; Display line numbers for the current buffer. Copy linum.el to your
;; load-path and add to your .emacs:
;; (require 'linum)
;; Then toggle display of line numbers with M-x linum-mode. To enable
;; line numbering in all buffers, use M-x global-linum-mode.
;;; Code:
(defconst linum-version "0.9wza")
(defvar linum-overlays nil "Overlays used in this buffer.")
(defvar linum-available nil "Overlays available for reuse.")
(defvar linum-before-numbering-hook nil
"Functions run in each buffer before line numbering starts.")
(mapc #'make-variable-buffer-local '(linum-overlays linum-available))
(defgroup linum nil
"Show line numbers to the left of buffers"
:group 'convenience)
;;;###autoload
(defcustom linum-format 'dynamic
"Format used to display line numbers. Either a format string
like \"%7d\", 'dynamic to adapt the width as needed, or a
function that is called with a line number as its argument and
should evaluate to a string to be shown on that line. See also
`linum-before-numbering-hook'."
:group 'linum
:type 'sexp)
(defface linum
'((t :inherit (shadow default)))
"Face for displaying line numbers in the display margin."
:group 'linum)
(defcustom linum-eager t
"Whether line numbers should be updated after each command.
The conservative setting `nil' might miss some buffer changes,
and you have to scroll or press C-l to update the numbers."
:group 'linum
:type 'boolean)
(defcustom linum-delay nil
"Delay updates to give Emacs a chance for other changes."
:group 'linum
:type 'boolean)
;;;###autoload
(define-minor-mode linum-mode
"Toggle display of line numbers in the left marginal area."
:lighter "" ; for desktop.el
(if linum-mode
(progn
(if linum-eager
(add-hook 'post-command-hook (if linum-delay
'linum-schedule
'linum-update-current) nil t)
(add-hook 'after-change-functions 'linum-after-change nil t))
(add-hook 'window-scroll-functions 'linum-after-scroll nil t)
;; mistake in Emacs: window-size-change-functions cannot be local
(add-hook 'window-size-change-functions 'linum-after-size)
(add-hook 'change-major-mode-hook 'linum-delete-overlays nil t)
(add-hook 'window-configuration-change-hook
'linum-after-config nil t)
(linum-update-current))
(remove-hook 'post-command-hook 'linum-update-current t)
(remove-hook 'post-command-hook 'linum-schedule t)
(remove-hook 'window-size-change-functions 'linum-after-size)
(remove-hook 'window-scroll-functions 'linum-after-scroll t)
(remove-hook 'after-change-functions 'linum-after-change t)
(remove-hook 'window-configuration-change-hook 'linum-after-config t)
(remove-hook 'change-major-mode-hook 'linum-delete-overlays t)
(linum-delete-overlays)))
;;;###autoload
(define-globalized-minor-mode global-linum-mode linum-mode linum-on)
(defun linum-on ()
(unless (minibufferp)
(linum-mode 1)))
(defun linum-delete-overlays ()
"Delete all overlays displaying line numbers for this buffer."
(mapc #'delete-overlay linum-overlays)
(setq linum-overlays nil)
(dolist (w (get-buffer-window-list (current-buffer) nil t))
(set-window-margins w 0)))
(defun linum-update-current ()
"Update line numbers for the current buffer."
(linum-update (current-buffer)))
(defun linum-update (buffer)
"Update line numbers for all windows displaying BUFFER."
(with-current-buffer buffer
(when linum-mode
(setq linum-available linum-overlays)
(setq linum-overlays nil)
(save-excursion
(mapc #'linum-update-window
(get-buffer-window-list buffer nil 'visible)))
(mapc #'delete-overlay linum-available)
(setq linum-available nil))))
(defun linum-update-window (win)
"Update line numbers for the portion visible in window WIN."
(goto-char (window-start win))
(let ((line (line-number-at-pos))
(limit (window-end win t))
(fmt (cond ((stringp linum-format) linum-format)
((eq linum-format 'dynamic)
(let ((w (length (number-to-string
(count-lines (point-min) (point-max))))))
(concat "%" (number-to-string w) "d")))))
(width 0))
(run-hooks 'linum-before-numbering-hook)
;; Create an overlay (or reuse an existing one) for each
;; line visible in this window, if necessary.
(while (and (not (eobp)) (<= (point) limit))
(let* ((str (if fmt
(propertize (format fmt line) 'face 'linum)
(funcall linum-format line)))
(visited (catch 'visited
(dolist (o (overlays-in (point) (point)))
(when (string= (overlay-get o 'linum-str) str)
(unless (memq o linum-overlays)
(push o linum-overlays))
(setq linum-available (delete o linum-available))
(throw 'visited t))))))
(setq width (max width (length str)))
(unless visited
(let ((ov (if (null linum-available)
(make-overlay (point) (point))
(move-overlay (pop linum-available) (point) (point)))))
(push ov linum-overlays)
(overlay-put ov 'before-string
(propertize " " 'display `((margin left-margin) ,str)))
(overlay-put ov 'linum-str str))))
(forward-line)
(setq line (1+ line)))
(set-window-margins win width)))
(defun linum-after-change (beg end len)
;; update overlays on deletions, and after newlines are inserted
(when (or (= beg end)
(= end (point-max))
;; TODO: use string-match-p with CVS or new release
(string-match "\n" (buffer-substring-no-properties beg end)))
(linum-update-current)))
(defun linum-after-scroll (win start)
(linum-update (window-buffer win)))
(defun linum-after-size (frame)
(linum-after-config))
(defun linum-schedule ()
;; schedule an update; the delay gives Emacs a chance for display changes
(run-with-idle-timer 0 nil #'linum-update-current))
(defun linum-after-config ()
(walk-windows (lambda (w) (linum-update (window-buffer w))) nil 'visible))
(provide 'linum)
;;; linum.el ends here
你可以拷貝下來直接命名爲linum.el。
我把linum.el放在~/.emacs.d/package/目錄下,~/.emacs配置如下：
;; 顯示行號
(add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/package")
(load "linum.el")
(require 'linum)
(global-linum-mode 1)
這樣就可以顯示行號了，哈哈，第一步成功，雖然我不知道add-to-list,load-path的意思，以後再學吧。
然後我發現用emacs錄入.emacs文件的時候，我打不了中文，對，就是那個註釋，我又蛋疼了，沒有中文輸入我用個屁阿，上網查吧。
我本來用的是scim，感覺還是滿好用的。
scim安裝越來越簡單了，我原來空白機子上裝的時候就兩步：
apt-get install scim
然後就只要在/etc/X11/Xsession.d/目錄下加一個文件，95xinput，寫入如下內容就行了：
/usr/bin/scim -d
XMODIFIERS="@im=SCIM"
export XMODIFIERS
export GTK_IM_MODULE=scim
簡單的一筆阿，但是後來我發現我錯了。
emacs不能直接調用scim，找了半天都沒有解決，繼續找，終於找到一個scim-bridge，在wiki上找到的，所以用linux還得經常去這些網站阿，我直接把我看到的內容貼出來：
ScimBridge Chinese
scim-bridge.el 是 GNU Emacs 裏面的 SCIM-Bridge 客戶端. (EnglishVersion)
scim-bridge.el 可以保存不同緩存裏面的輸入狀態, 這樣你可以在 Emacs 裏快速的輸入中文, 而不用反覆的切換全局的輸入狀態, 非常方便.
Contents
1. 什麼是 SCIM?
2. 安裝
3. 自定義
4. 截圖
什麼是 SCIM?
SCIM 是一個通用的智能輸入法平臺 (支持 中文, 日文, 韓文和許多歐洲語言), 可以使用在 POSIX 風格的操作系統, 包括 Linux 和 BSD.
安裝
* 安裝 SCIM:
o 在 Debian 裏, 步驟非常簡單:
sudo aptitude install scim scim-bridge-agent scim-bridge-client-gtk scim-bridge-client-qt4 scim-qtimm -y
o 你還可以使用下列命令來安裝"拼音輸入法”:
sudo aptitude install scim-pinyin -y
* 安裝 scim-bridge.el:
o 從 scim-bridge.el project in Launchpad 裏下載最新的壓縮包.
o 讓 Emacs 禁用 XIM:
+ 加入以下的命令到 ~/.Xresources:
Emacs*useXIM: false
+ 然後執行下列命令生效:
xrdb ~/.Xresources
o 加入 scim-bridge.el 到 load-path:
+ 解壓 scim-bridge 的壓縮包並放在 “~/elisp” 目錄下, 然後添加下列命令到 ~/.emacs:
(add-to-list 'load-path (expand-file-name "~/elisp"))
o 修改 SCIM 的切換鍵:
+ 應爲 Ctrl-Space 按鍵被Emacs默認綁定了， 所以要在 SCIM 圖形設置界面裏添加其他的按鍵， 比如 Super-Space (其他任意鍵也可以).
o 加載並設置 scim-bridge.el:
+ 加入下列到 ~/.emacs:
;; 加載.
(require 'scim-bridge-zh-si)
;;; 如果你使用繁體中文, 用 (require 'scim-bridge-zh-tr) 替換.
;; 加載 ~/.emacs 後自動開啓 scim-mode.
(add-hook 'after-init-hook 'scim-mode-on)
;; 設置輸入法切換鍵
(scim-define-common-key (kbd "s-SPC") t)
;; 使用 C-SPC 用作標記命令.
(scim-define-common-key (kbd "C-SPC") nil)
;; 使用 C-/ 用作撤銷命令.
(scim-define-common-key (kbd "C-\\") nil)
;; 設置不同輸入狀態下光標顏色.
(setq scim-cursor-color '("red" "blue" "limegreen"))
現在按一下 Suepr-Space, 開始輸入中文吧。
自定義
* 你可以通過下列方法自定義 scim-bridge.el:
M-x customize-group RET scim-bridge RET
我已經把相關的文檔翻譯成簡體中文和繁體中文, enjoy!
我一步步照作，就是scim的切換鍵換成了shift-space,其他一模一樣，然後打開emacs，就可以切換輸入法了。之前用那些什麼LC_CTYPE=zh_CN.UTF-8 emacs,可以彈出scim,結果只有英文的，我奶奶的，彈了比沒彈出更讓我蛋疼。
話說，我這時已經可以彈出scim那個框了，而且那個框中確實有智能拼音四個字，我鬱悶的發現，我仍然只能輸入中文，我的天呢，還讓不讓人活阿。
我繼續找方法，發現網上沒這種情況阿，我公司自己的機子好多網是不能上的，我們用的是遠程客戶端。無意間，我用本機的firefox查詢的時候（我一般不用本機上網），發現我打不進中文，我知道了，不是emacs的問題，是我的scim出問題了，之前網上看到有人說用ibus可以在emacs中輸入中文，我當時把scim刪了，裝了一個ibus，發現不好用，而且ibus-el在我們有限的網絡上也找不到，就把ibus又刪了，重裝會scim，我差點背叛了它，可是最終還是回來了，這時候有個問題，我不知道要裝scim-pinyin阿，第一次裝的時候都是默認幫我把這個包裝在上面的，可是這次他不幫我裝了，發現了這個問題，我終於搞定了。
scim沒問題了，emacs也好了，我的emacs征程要開始了。