學習https://matplotlib.org/gallery/index.html 記錄，描述不一定準確，具體請參考官網
Matplotlib使用總結圖
%matplotlib inline
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['SimHei'] # 用來正常顯示中文標籤
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=False # 用來正常顯示負號
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np字體
import os
from matplotlib import font_manager as fm, rcParams
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
fpath = os.path.join(rcParams["datapath"], "fonts/ttf/cmr10.ttf")
prop = fm.FontProperties(fname=fpath)
fname = os.path.split(fpath)[1]
ax.set_title('This is a special font: {}'.format(fname), fontproperties=prop)
ax.set_xlabel('This is the default font')
plt.show()
顯示文本
# 顯示數學文本
t = np.arange(0.0, 2.0, 0.01)
s = np.sin(2*np.pi*t)
plt.plot(t,s)
plt.title(r'$\alpha_i > \beta_i$', fontsize=20)
plt.text(1, -0.6, r'$\sum_{i=0}^\infty x_i$', fontsize=20)
plt.text(0.6, 0.6, r'$\mathcal{A}\mathrm{sin}(2 \omega t)$',
fontsize=20)
plt.xlabel('time (s)')
plt.ylabel('volts (mV)')
plt.show()
import matplotlib.patches as patches
# build a rectangle in axes coords
left, width = .25, .5
bottom, height = .25, .5
right = left + width
top = bottom + height
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_axes([0,0,1,1])
# axes coordinates are 0,0 is bottom left and 1,1 is upper right
p = patches.Rectangle(
(left, bottom), width, height,
fill=False, transform=ax.transAxes, clip_on=False
)
ax.add_patch(p)
ax.text(left, bottom, 'left top',
horizontalalignment='left',
verticalalignment='top',
transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.text(left, bottom, 'left bottom',
horizontalalignment='left',
verticalalignment='bottom',
transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.text(right, top, 'right bottom',
horizontalalignment='right',
verticalalignment='bottom',
transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.text(right, top, 'right top',
horizontalalignment='right',
verticalalignment='top',
transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.text(right, bottom, 'center top',
horizontalalignment='center',
verticalalignment='top',
transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.text(left, 0.5*(bottom+top), 'right center',
horizontalalignment='right',
verticalalignment='center',
rotation='vertical',
transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.text(left, 0.5*(bottom+top), 'left center',
horizontalalignment='left',
verticalalignment='center',
rotation='vertical',
transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.text(0.5*(left+right), 0.5*(bottom+top), 'middle',
horizontalalignment='center',
verticalalignment='center',
fontsize=20, color='red',
transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.text(right, 0.5*(bottom+top), 'centered',
horizontalalignment='center',
verticalalignment='center',
rotation='vertical',
transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.text(left, top, 'rotated\nwith newlines',
horizontalalignment='center',
verticalalignment='center',
rotation=45,
transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.set_axis_off()
plt.show()
水印
from __future__ import print_function
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.cbook as cbook
import matplotlib.image as image
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Fixing random state for reproducibility
np.random.seed(19680801)
datafile = cbook.get_sample_data('logo2.png', asfileobj=False)
print('loading %s' % datafile)
im = image.imread(datafile)
im[:, :, -1] = 0.5 # set the alpha channel
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
# ax.plot(np.random.rand(20), '-o', ms=20, lw=2, alpha=0.7, mfc='orange')
ax.plot(np.random.rand(20), '-o', ms=20, lw=2, alpha=0.7,mfc='orange')
ax.grid()
# 添加水印
fig.figimage(im, 10, 10, zorder=3)
plt.show()loading F:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\mpl-data\sample_data\logo2.png
註釋
fig = plt.figure()
fig.suptitle('bold figure suptitle', fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
fig.subplots_adjust(top=0.85)
ax.set_title('axes title')
ax.set_xlabel('xlabel')
ax.set_ylabel('ylabel')
ax.text(3, 8, 'boxed italics text in data coords', style='italic',
bbox={'facecolor':'red', 'alpha':0.5, 'pad':10})
ax.text(2, 6, r'an equation: $E=mc^2$', fontsize=15)
ax.text(3, 2, u'unicode: Institut f\374r Festk\366rperphysik')
ax.text(0.95, 0.01, 'colored text in axes coords',
verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='right',
transform=ax.transAxes,
color='green', fontsize=15)
ax.plot([2], [1], 'o')
# 註釋
ax.annotate('我是註釋啦', xy=(2, 1), xytext=(3, 4),color='r',size=15,
arrowprops=dict(facecolor='g', shrink=0.05))
ax.axis([0, 10, 0, 10])
plt.show()
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.arange(0, 10, 0.005)
y = np.exp(-x/2.) * np.sin(2*np.pi*x)
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
# plt.subplot(221) # 這種方式和上面的add_subplot() 定義相同，都是添加子圖
ax.plot(x, y)
# 設置座標軸刻度
ax.set_xlim(0, 10)
ax.set_ylim(-1, 1)
xdata, ydata = 5, 0
xdisplay, ydisplay = ax.transData.transform_point((xdata, ydata))
bbox = dict(boxstyle="round", fc="0.8")
arrowprops = dict(
arrowstyle = "->",
connectionstyle = "angle,angleA=0,angleB=90,rad=10")
offset = 72
ax.annotate('data = (%.1f, %.1f)'%(xdata, ydata),
(xdata, ydata), xytext=(-1.5*offset, offset), textcoords='offset points',
bbox=bbox, arrowprops=arrowprops)
disp = ax.annotate('display = (%.1f, %.1f)'%(xdisplay, ydisplay),
(xdisplay, ydisplay), xytext=(0.5*offset, -offset),
xycoords='figure pixels',
textcoords='offset points',
bbox=bbox, arrowprops=arrowprops)
plt.show()
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, polar=True) # 雷達圖
# ax = fig.add_subplot(111) # 正常四方形
r = np.arange(0,1,0.001)
theta = 2 * 2*np.pi * r
line, = ax.plot(theta, r, color='#ee8d18', lw=3)
ind = 800
thisr, thistheta = r[ind], theta[ind]
ax.plot([thistheta], [thisr], 'o') # 畫藍點
# 畫註釋箭頭
ax.annotate('a polar annotation',
xy=(thistheta, thisr), # theta, radius
xytext=(0.05, 0.05), # fraction, fraction
textcoords='figure fraction',
arrowprops=dict(facecolor='black', shrink=0.05),
horizontalalignment='left',
verticalalignment='bottom',
)
plt.show()