1 系統監視
1.1 進程監視
§ SM66/SM50 進程查看
管理員需全天監看系統的進程。長時間運行的後臺工作,有缺陷的報表程序,若不進行控制都將消耗掉大量的系統資源。管理員用這個事務碼檢查他們的環境。當然,在殺掉這些進程前,需要與最終用戶協商。
1.2 服務器監視
§ SM51
R/3服務器的列表可用SM51顯示,管理員用它來監視不同服務器之間的工作進程。想要顯示某一服務器的進程,鼠標指針點中服務器的名稱,然後選Processes。
§ RZ20 CCMS監控
雙擊要查看的菜單項,檢查系統收集的監控信息,遇到報警和錯誤信息要查清原因,找出解決辦法。
1.3 用戶監視
§ SM04 用戶監視
管理員應該考慮全天監視用戶僅他們的活動。是否有非法用戶?是否有用戶試圖或正在用他們不該用的事務碼,等等。
1.4 性能監視
§ ST03 工作量分析
世上沒有經驗的替代品。當需要調R/3系統的性能的時候是很痛苦的事情。管理員應該保留儘可能多的工作量分析數據,特別是系統沒用性能問題時候的數據。擁有一副系統工作正常時的清晰的系統圖,將使你具有對你的系統的不可估量的感覺,這種感覺將使你能預見到將要發生的問題,並且很多時候可以避免問題的發生。
§ ST02 緩存分析
R/3的緩存存儲經常用到的數據,以使本地應用服務器的實例能取得這些數據。這樣就可以減少數據庫的訪問,數據庫的負載,網絡的流量,從而提高系統的性能。數據緩存中包括了ABAP/4程序,屏幕,ABAP/4字典數據和公司的數據,這些數據在系統操作過程中是不會改變的。我們應該經常的監視緩存、點擊率、剩餘空間、交換區。此進程可以幫助管理員作性能調整。
§ SP12 TemSe管理
管理員要檢查文件系統和數據庫空間的增長,尤其是批量打印大量數據時。TemSe的一致性檢查(RSPO0043)需要計劃每天在打印池重新整理(RSPO0041)之前執行。
1.5 更新記錄
§ SM13更新記錄
此事務碼顯示失敗的更新動作。失敗的更新動作在生產系統中是決不允許發生的,一旦發生,開發人員應馬上修改。
1.6 鎖定對象
§ SM12 鎖定對象
用戶總是會時不時的因爲某種原因(如斷線,程序出錯等等)而鎖定一個對象。所有被鎖定的老的對象均要被分析,更正。
1.7 出錯分析
§ ST22出錯分析
當一個報表或事務因爲嚴重的錯誤而停止工作時,ABAP/4開發工作臺就會發出一個“突然出錯”(short dump)。系統在系統日誌中記錄錯誤信息,並在表SNAP中記錄程序終止時的出錯信息。管理員需要每天檢查是否有short dump 出現,如果有則分析並試圖解決問題。
1.8 系統日誌
§ SM21系統日日誌
R/3服務器在系統日誌中記錄系統的事件和問題。所有的警告和錯誤信息應被分析和解決。此程序應包括將問題及其解決方案做成文檔。
1.9 數據庫
§ DB13 定義DATABASE相關的日常後臺job,如:
數據庫備份,CHECK DATABASE ,OBTIMIZER STATISTICS UPDATE等等,
也可查看DATABASE相關後臺作業的LOG.
§ DB12 SAPDBA日誌
檢查夜間備份是否成功。
檢查日誌目錄的剩餘空間。
§ DB02 存儲管理
監控數據庫的擴長。
監控表和索引的擴長及碎片的情況。
如有必要監控數據庫的優化統計。
§ ST02 監控SAP R/3 BUFFER狀況
每天監控SAP R/3各種 BUFFER 的命中率,比如: ROLL MEMORY ,EXTEND MEMORY,HEAP MEMORY,TABLE BUFFER,ABAP PROGRAM BUFFER 等等。
§ ST04 數據庫性能監控
每天監控數據庫的性能統計值以觀察數據庫是否處於良好的運行狀態。
每天監控對數據庫邏輯上和物理上的讀,以追蹤數據庫負載的發展情況。如:DATA BUFFER 命中率,SHARE MEMORY 命中率等等和數據庫性能密切相關的重要參數值。
§ ST06 監控操作系統資源狀況
每天察看ST06用以掌握系統運行過程中整個操作系統資源狀況,如:
CPU 使用率,內存使用率,PAGE SPACE 使用率等等。
§ AL02數據庫警報監視
所有的警告均需被分析,修正和記錄在案。
1.10 操作系統
§ OS06 操作系統監視
所有的警告均需被分析,修正和記錄在案。
§ AL16 操作系統警報監視
所有的警告均需被分析,修正和記錄在案。
1.11 網絡
§ ST09/ST08 網絡警報監視
所有的警告均需被分析,修正和記錄在案。
2 工作定時系統
§ SM37 工作日誌查看
管理員應該檢查所有被取消的工作,如有必要分析並修正這些工作。問題及其解決方案需記錄在案。
管理器應該檢查所有的日誌,包括輸出列表
§ RZ01 圖形化的工作監視
3 打印系統
§ SP01 打印需求查看
失敗的打印任務可以從新啓動。這些打印任務的失敗往往是用戶端的問題(如PC上的SAPLPD程序被關閉了)。由於R/3 系統僅跟蹤打印任務到目標隊列中,輸出控制器中的已經完成的狀態並不能表明實際打印成功,因此那些比較重要和大量的打印任務在被從TemSe中刪除前必須先確認是否完成。
4 系統變更檢查
4.1 DB03 數據庫參數修改記錄
監控所有R/3系統數據庫參數的修改。管理員要經常檢查參數是否由經授權的的用戶修改。
4.2 TU02 R/3系統參數修改記錄
R/3系統監控所有R/3系統參數的修改。即使不是每天檢查,系統管理員人要確認參數的調整是在艘全的情況下調整地。
4.3 OS03 操作系統參數變更
R/3系統監控所有操作系統參數的修改。系統管理員可以定期檢查參數的調整是在授權的情況下進行的。
5 常用事務代碼及菜單路徑
Trans-action |
Title |
Menu Path |
SM50 |
Work Process Overview |
Tools->Administration->Monitoring-->System à monitoring->Process overview |
SM04 |
User List |
Tools->Administration->Monitoring->System monitoring->User overview |
AL08 |
Users Logged On |
Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Exceptions/Users->Active users->Users, global |
SM02 |
System Messages |
Tools->Administration->Administration->System Messages |
AL11 |
Display SAP Directories |
Tools->CCMS->Control Monitoring->Performance Menu->Exceptions/Users->Exceptions->SAP directories |
ST11 |
Display Sideloper Traces |
Tools->Administration->Monitor->Traces->Sideloper Traces |
SSAA |
System Administration Assistant |
Tools->Administration->Monitor->System Administration Assistant (SAA) |
RZ10 |
Maintenance of Profile Parameters |
Tools->CCMS->Configuration->Profile maintenance |
RZ11 |
Profile Parameter Maintenance |
|
RZ04 |
Maintenance SAP Instances |
Tools->CCMS->Configuration->Operation modes/instances |
RZ03 |
Presentation, Control SAP Instances |
Tools->CCMS->Control/Monitoring->Control panel |
RZ20 |
CCMS Monitoring |
Tools->CCMS->Control/Monitoring->Alert Monitor |
DB13 |
DBA Planning Calender |
Tools->CCMS->DB Administration->DBA Planning Calendar |
DB24 |
Database Operations Monitor |
Tools->CCMS->DB Administration->Operations Monitor |
DB20 |
Edit Database Statistics |
Tools->CCMS->DB Administration->Cost-based optimizer->Create statistics |
DB21 |
Change DB Optimizer Control |
Tools->CCMS->DB Administration->Cost-based optimizer->Configuration |
ST04 |
DB Performance Analysis |
Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Database->Activity |
DB02 |
Analyze Tables and Indices |
Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Database->Tables/indexes |
DB03 |
Parameter Changes in DB |
Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Database->Parameter changes |
RZ20 |
CCMS Monitoring |
Tools->CCMS->Control/Monitoring->Alert Monitor |
DB13 |
DBA Planning Calender |
Tools->CCMS->DB Administration->DBA Planning Calendar |
DB24 |
Database Operations Monitor |
Tools->CCMS->DB Administration->Operations Monitor |
DB20 |
Edit Database Statistics |
Tools->CCMS->DB Administration->Cost-based optimizer->Create statistics |
DB21 |
Change DB Optimizer Control |
Tools->CCMS->DB Administration->Cost-based optimizer->Configuration |
|
DB Performance Analysis |
Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Database->Activity |
DB02 |
Analyze Tables and Indices |
Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Database->Tables/indexes |
DB03 |
Parameter Changes in DB |
Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Database->Parameter changes |
SM36 |
Define a new job |
System->Services->Jobs->Define job or Tools->CCMS->Jobs->Definition
|
SM37 |
Monitor jobs |
System->Services->Jobs->Job overview or Tools->CCMS->Jobs->Maintenance |
RZ01 |
Graphical job monitor |
Tools->CCMS->Control/Monitoring->Job schedul. Monitor |
SM69 |
Define an external command |
Tools->CCMS->Configuration->External Commands |
SM49 |
Execute external OS command |
Tools->CCMS->Jobs->External Commands |
STMS |
Transport Management System |
Tools->Administration->Transports->Transport Management System |
SCC4 |
Client Maintenance |
Tools->Administration->Administration->Client Administration->Client Maintenance |
SCCL |
Local Copy |
Tools->Administration->Administration->Client Administration->Client Copy->Local Copy |
SPRO_ADMIN |
Project Management |
Tools->Accelerated SAP->Customizing->Project Management |
SE10 |
Customizing Organizer |
Tools->Accelerated SAP->Customizing->Customizing Organizer |
SE09 |
Workbench Organizer |
Tools->ABAP Workbench->Overview->Workbench Organizer |
SU01 |
User Maintenance |
Tools->Administration->User Maintenance->Users |
PFCG |
Activity Group Maintenance |
Tools->Administration->User Maintenance->Activity Groups (UserRoles) |
SUIM |
Call AUTH Reporting Tree (Info Sys) |
Tools->Administration->User Maintenance->Users->Information->Information System |
SU22 |
Maintain Assignment of Authorization Objects to Transactions |
|
SU24 |
Maintain Assignment of Authorization Objects to Transactions |
Tools->Administration->User Maintenance->Activity Groups (UserRoles)->Environment->Check indicator |
SU25 |
Profile Generator: Upgrade and First Installation |
Tools->Administration->User Maintenance->Activity Groups (UserRoles)->Environment->Installation/Upgrade |
SCUM |
Central User Administration Distribution Model Assignment |
Tools->Administration->User Maintenance->Central User Administration->Logs for Central User Administration->Environment->Model Selection |
SU53 |
Display Check Object if Not Authorized |
System->Utilities->Display Authorization Check |
SU56 |
Authorizations in the User Buffer for Logged-on User |
Tools->Administration->Monitor->User Buffer |
ST01 |
System Trace |
Tools->Administration->Monitor->Traces->System Trace |
SPAD |
Spool Administration |
Tools->CCMS->Spool->Spool administration
|
SP01 |
List of spool or output requests |
System->Services->Output controller or Tools->CCMS->Spool->Output controller |
DB02 |
Analyze Tables and Indices |
Tools->CCMS->Control/Monitoring->Performance Menu->Database->Tables/Indices |
DB15 |
Data Archiving: Database Tables |
Tools->Administration->Administration->Archiving->DB tables |
AOBJ |
Archiving object definition |
|
RZ20 |
CCMS Monitoring |
Tools->CCMS->Control Monitoring->Alert monitor |
RZ21 |
CCMS Monitoring Architecture Customizing |
Tools->CCMS->Configuration->Alert monitor |
SMGW |
Gateway Monitor |
Tools->Administration->Monitor->System Monitoring->Gateway monitor |
SM21 |
System Log |
Tools->Administration->Monitor->System log |
SM50 |
Work Process Overview |
Tools->Administration->Monitor->System Monitoring->Process Overview |
SM51 |
SAP servers |
Tools->Administration->Monitor->System Monitoring->Servers |
SM66 |
Systemwide Work Process Overview |
Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Exceptions/Users->Active Users->All processes |
SM04 |
User list |
Tools->Administration->Monitor->System Monitoring->User Overview |
AL08 |
Users Logged On |
Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Exceptions/Users->Active Users->Users, global |
SMLG |
Maintain Logon Groups |
Tools->CCMS->Configuration->Logon groups |
SM12 |
Select Lock Entries |
Tools->Administration->Monitor->Lock entries |
SM13 |
Update Records |
Tools->Administration->Monitor->Update |
ST22 |
ABAP dump analysis |
Tools->Administration->Monitor->Dump analysis |
ST03 |
Workload Analysis |
Tools->CCMS->Control Monitoring->Performance Menu->Workload->Analysis |
AL11 |
Display SAP Directories |
Tools->CCMS->Control Monitoring->Performance Menu->Exceptions/Users->Exceptions->SAP directories |
ST11 |
Display Sideloper Traces |
Tools->Administration->Monitor->Traces->Sideloper Traces |
ST01 |
System Trace |
Tools->Administration->Monitor->Traces->System Trace |
ST02 |
Tune Summary |
Tools->CCMS->Control/Monitoring->Performance Menu->Setup/Buffers->Buffers |
DB02 |
Analyze Tables and Indices |
Tools->CCMS->Control/Monitoring->Performance Menu->Database->Tables/Indices |
DB12 |
DB Backup Monitor |
Tools->CCMS->DB Administration->Backup Logs |
DB13 |
DBA Planning Calender |
Tools->CCMS->DB Administration->DBA Planning Calendar |
ST04 |
DB Performance Analysis |
Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Database->Activity |
ST06 |
Operating System Monitor |
Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Operating System->local->activity |