如果你的英文學得好，建議閱讀官方手冊，網頁版地址：
https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch08.html#vboxmanage-createvm
https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch07.html#headless-vm-steps
服務器基本信息：
1 .主機型號：HPE Microserver gen 10
2. 操作系統：Debian10
3. 網卡0 IP：192.168.1.240
4. 虛擬主機軟件：VirtualBox6.1.4 + Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack
遠程主機：
1. Windows10 Home
2. 網絡配置：192.168.1.100
虛擬主機基本信息：
1. 虛擬機存放路徑：/vms
2. 內存：4G （改8G出現問題，原因暫未查明）
3. 硬盤：硬盤0（100G），硬盤1（500G）
4. 操作系統：microsoft windows server 2012 （64位）
5. 系統鏡像：/mnt/usbdisk0/iso/cn_windows_server_2012_r2_x64_dvd.iso
一、創建虛擬主機：
#查看VirtualBox版本
markul@server:~# sudo VBoxManage -v
6.1.4r136177
#創建虛擬主機主目錄
markul@server:~# sudo mkdir /vms
#創建虛擬主機win2012r2 64系統, ostype通過命令VBoxManage list ostypes獲得
markul@server:~# sudo VBoxManage createvm --name "win2012r2" --ostype Windows2012_64 --basefolder /vms --register
Virtual machine 'win2012r2' is created and registered.
UUID: f26d75a4-33a8-451b-90d7-707179b5f6fa
Settings file: '/vms/win2012r2/win2012r2.vbox'
markul@server:~# sudo VBoxManage list vms
"win2012r2" {f26d75a4-33a8-451b-90d7-707179b5f6fa}
markul@server:~# sudo VBoxManage showvminfo "win2012r2"
Name: win2012r2
Groups: /
Guest OS: Windows 2012 (64-bit)
UUID: f26d75a4-33a8-451b-90d7-707179b5f6fa
Config file: /vms/win2012r2/win2012r2/win2012r2.vbox
Snapshot folder: /vms/win2012r2/win2012r2/Snapshots
Log folder: /vms/win2012r2/win2012r2/Logs
Hardware UUID: f26d75a4-33a8-451b-90d7-707179b5f6fa
Memory size 128MB
Page Fusion: disabled
VRAM size: 8MB
CPU exec cap: 100%
HPET: disabled
CPUProfile: host
Chipset: piix3
Firmware: BIOS
......
二、基本配置：
#配置虛擬主機內存大小等
markul@server:~# sudo VBoxManage modifyvm "win2012r2" --memory 4096 --acpi on
#去掉聲卡
markul@server:~# sudo VBoxManage modifyvm win2012r2 --audio none
#配置虛擬主機網卡:橋接方式到宿主機的網卡"enp2s0f0"。注：不能橋接到無線網卡上
markul@server:~# sudo VBoxManage modifyvm "win2012r2" --nic1 bridged --nictype1 82545EM --bridgeadapter1 enp2s0f0
#開啓虛擬化支持，注：此功能需CPU支持Virtualization
markul@server:~# sudo VBoxManage modifyvm "win2012r2" --hwvirtex on --nestedpaging on
#爲虛擬主機添加SATA磁盤控制器
markul@server:~# sudo VBoxManage storagectl "win2012r2" --name "SATA Controller" --add sata
三、添加虛擬磁盤：
#創建硬盤0：100G 默認vdi格式
markul@server:~# sudo VBoxManage createmedium disk --filename "win2012_hd0.vdi" --size 102400
0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100%
Medium created. UUID: 1e2ab4ce-74f7-4e55-95f6-e4d1a63c80b2
#創建硬盤1：500G 默認vdi格式
markul@server:~# sudo VBoxManage createmedium disk --filename "win2012_hd1.vdi" --size 512000
0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100%
Medium created. UUID: 80a1a342-5426-4752-8e8a-b6baecb5978a
#查看磁盤文件
markul@server:~# sudo ls /vms/win2012r2
win2012_hd0.vdi win2012_hd1.vdi win2012r2.vbox win2012r2.vbox-prev
#連接硬盤0到虛擬主機
markul@server:~# sudo VBoxManage storageattach "win2012r2" --storagectl "SATA Controller" --port 0 --device 0 --type hdd --medium "/vms/win2012r2/win2012_hd0.vdi"
#連接硬盤1到虛擬主機
markul@server:~# sudo VBoxManage storageattach "win2012r2" --storagectl "SATA Controller" --port 1 --device 0 --type hdd --medium "/vms/win2012r2/win2012_hd1.vdi"
#連接系統安裝鏡像文件至虛擬主機
markul@server:~# sudo VBoxManage storageattach "win2012r2" --storagectl "SATA Controller" --port 2 --device 0 --type dvddrive --medium /mnt/usbdisk0/iso/cn_windows_server_2012_r2_x64_dvd.iso
#設置啓動設備
markul@server:~# sudo VBoxManage modifyvm "win2012r2" --boot1 disk --boot2 dvd
#查看虛擬主機配置，確認配置是否生效
markul@server:~# sudo VBoxManage showvminfo "win2012r2"
... ...
Boot Device 1: HardDisk
Boot Device 2: DVD
Boot Device 3: HardDisk
Boot Device 4: Not Assigned
... ...
Storage Controller Name (0): SATA Controller
Storage Controller Type (0): IntelAhci
Storage Controller Instance Number (0): 0
Storage Controller Max Port Count (0): 30
Storage Controller Port Count (0): 30
Storage Controller Bootable (0): on
SATA Controller (0, 0): /vms/win2012r2/win2012_hd0.vdi (UUID: 1e2ab4ce-74f7-4e55-95f6-e4d1a63c80b2)
SATA Controller (1, 0): /vms/win2012r2/win2012_hd1.vdi (UUID: 80a1a342-5426-4752-8e8a-b6baecb5978a)
SATA Controller (2, 0): /mnt/usbdisk0/iso/cn_windows_server_2012_r2_x64_dvd.iso (UUID: 77d96186-a7e3-4877-82ac-04b6dc5b109e)
... ...
五、開啓遠程桌面支持：
#獲取擴展支持包名稱
markul@server:~# VBoxManage list extpacks
Extension Packs: 1
Pack no. 0: Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension Pack
Version: 6.1.4
Revision: 136177
Edition:
Description: Oracle Cloud Infrastructure integration, USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 Host Controller, Host Webcam, VirtualBox RDP, PXE ROM, Disk Encryption, NVMe.
VRDE Module: VBoxVRDP
Usable: true
Why unusable:
#設置遠程桌面支持包名稱
markul@server:~# sudo VBoxManage setproperty vrdeextpack "Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension Pack"
#開啓遠程桌面支持
markul@server:~# sudo VBoxManage modifyvm "win2012r2" --vrde on
#設置遠程桌面IP地址
markul@server:~# sudo VBoxManage modifyvm "win2012r2" --vrdeaddress "0.0.0.0"
#默認情況下端口號3389, 爲避免端口衝突將其改爲5000
markul@server:~# sudo VBoxManage modifyvm "win2012r2" --vrdeport 5000
#查看虛擬主機配置是否生效
markul@server:~# sudo VBoxManage showvminfo "win2012r2"
... ...
Drag and drop Mode: disabled
VRDE: enabled (Address 0.0.0.0, Ports 5000, MultiConn: off, ReuseSingleConn: off, Authentication type: null)
Video redirection: disabled
OHCI USB: disabled
EHCI USB: disabled
xHCI USB: disabled
... ...
六、啓動虛擬主機：
#啓動虛擬主機：虛擬主機界面無本機顯示，需通過遠程桌面連接
markul@server:~# sudo VBoxManage startvm "win2012r2" --type vrdp
Waiting for VM "win2012r2" to power on...
VM "win2012r2" has been successfully started.
七、遠程桌面連接：
在Windows7或Windows10電腦啓動“遠程桌面連接”，無需填寫用戶名和密碼。
八、關閉虛擬主機：
markul@server~# sudo VBoxManage controlvm "win2012r2" poweroff
0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100%