英语音标
国际音标和KK音标
Unit 1 音标
母音
[i] [I] [e] [ε] [æ] [a] [ʌ] [ə] [ɚ] [ɝ] [o] [ɔ] [υ] [u] [aυ] [aI] [ɔI]
子音
无声子音
[p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [ʃ] [tʃ] [h]
有声子音
[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [ð] [ʒ] [dʒ] [m] [n] [ŋ] [l] [r] [w] [j]
元音字母
A E I O U
Unit 2 拼读练习
[i]
We [wi] see [si] three [θri] bunny ['bʌni] field [fild]
We see three bunnies in the field.
[I]
Tim [tIm] gril [grIl] six [sIks] fish [fIʃ]
Tim grilled six fish
[e]
May [me] bake [bek] eight [et] cake [kek]
May baked eight cakes.
[ε]
Ted [tεd] help [hεlp] them [ðεm] sell [sεl] seven ['sεvən] egg [εg]
Ted helped them sell seven eggs
[æ]
That [ðæt] man [mæn] cast [kæst] glance [glæns] at [æt] cat [kæt]
That man cast a glance at that cat.
[a]
Watch [watʃ] are [ar] not [nat] clock [klak]
Watches are not clocks. A watch is not a clock.
[o]
those [ðoz] owner['onɚ] row [ro] old [old] boat [bot]
Those owner rowed old boats.
[ɔ]
Paul [pɔl] caught [kɔt] all [ɔl] ball [bɔl]
Paul caught all balls
[υ]
Wolf [wυlf] pull [pυl] wooden ['wυdn] hook [hυk]
A wolf pulled wooden hooks
[u]
Sue [su] blew [blu] two [tu] blue [blu] balloon [bə'lun]
Sue blew two blue ballons
[ʌ]
one [wʌn] dump[ [dʌmp] truck [trʌk] bump [bʌmp] bus [bʌs]
One dump truck bumped one bus
[ə]
The [ðə] polite [pəlaIt] American [ə'mεrIkən] awake [ə'wek]
The polite American awaked.
[ɚ/ɝ]
Thirty ['θɝtI] person ['pɝsn] never [nεvɚ] learn [lɝn] verb [vɝb] mother ['mʌðɚ].
Thirty persons never learned verb with Mother.
[aI]
Mike [maIk] ride [raId] white [hwaIt] bike [baIk]
Mike rides a white bike.
[aυ]
Our [aυr] cow [kaυ] found [faund] house [haus]
Our cow was found in our house.
[ɔI]
Joy [dʒɔI] toy [tɔI]
Joy plays those toys with joy.
Unit 3 自然发音
26个字母在单词中的发音
- Aa [æ]
- bag [bæg] cat [kæt] jam [dʒæm]
- Bb [b]
- bat [bæt] bed [bεd] boy [bɔI]
- Cc [k]
- can [kæn] car [kar] coat [kot]
- Dd [d]
- dog [dɔg] door [dɔr] duck [dʌk]
- Ee [ε]
- bell [bεl] desk [dεsk] red [rεd]
- Ff [f]
- face [fes] fan [fæn] food [fud]
- Gg [g]
- game [gem] girl [gʒl] leg [lεg]
- Hh [h]
- hat [hæt] hair [hεr] hope [hop]
- Ii [I]
- bib [bIb] kiss [kIs] six [sIks]
- Jj [dʒ]
- job [dʒab] July [dʒu’laI] jump [dʒʌmp]
- Kk [k]
- key [ki] king [kIŋ] kite [kaIt]
- Ll [l]
- lake [lek] leaf [lif] light [laIt]
- Mm [m]
- man [mæn] mask [mæsk] meat [mit]
- Nn [n]
- name [nem] neck [nεk] night [naIt]
- Oo [o]
- cold [kold] rose [ros] smoke [smok]
- Pp [p]
- pig [pIg] pen [pεn] pork [pork]
- Qq [kw]
- quit [kwIt] queen [kwIn] question ['kwεstʃən]
- Rr [r]
- rabbit ['ræbIt] rain [ren] right [raIt]
- Ss [s]
- sale [sel] sea [si] bus [bʌs]
- Tt [t]
- table [‘tebl] time [taIm] point [pɔInt]
- Uu [ʌ]
- cup [kʌp] luck [lʌk] sun [sʌn]
- Vv [v]
- vase [ves] voice [vɔIs] glove [glʌv]
- Ww [w]
- watch [watʃ] web [wεb] work [wə:rk]
- Xx [ks]
- box [baks] ax [æks] ox [aks]
- Yy [j]
- yellow ['jεlo] yes [jεs] young [jʌŋ]
- Zz [z]
- zero [zIro] zoo [zu] size [saIz]
小结
- 在单词中出现a?e(中间是子音)时,a发音为[e]
- 字母e在单词末尾不发音
- ly在单词末尾发音 [laI] 或 [lI]
- gh在单词中不发音
- 单词后加ed的读法,是根据单词最后一个音来决定的
- 若末尾为[t],[d],则发[id] 例: seated [sitid]
- 若末尾是清辅音,则发[t]
- 若末尾是浊辅音,则发[d]
- 末尾s的发音
- 在清辅音后,读[s],如books
- 在浊辅音和元音后读[z]
- 在[t],[d]后则连起来读, [ts],[ds]
常用音标对照
[i]
e: we [wi] me [mi]
ee: feet [fit] see [si]
ea: heat [hit] flea [fli]
y: lady ['ledi] easy ['izi]
ie: field [fild] thief [θif]
[I]
i: dig [dIg] milk [mIlk]
y: gym [dʒIm] dirty ['dɝtI]
[e]
a~e: name [nem] lake [lek]
ai: nail [nel] rain [ren]
ay: day [de] way [we]
ea: steak [stek] great [gret]
[ε]
e: bed [bεd] cell [sεl]
ea: bread [brεd] head [hεd]
e~e: sense [sεns] fence [fεns]
[æ]
a: cat [kæt] flag [flæg]
[a]
o: lock [lak] clock [klak]
a: watch [watʃ] arm [arm]
[o]
o: go [go] told [told]
o~e: hope [hop] home [hom]
ow: know [no] row [ro]
oa: boat [bot] soap [sop]
oe: toe [to] goes [goz]
[ɔ]
o(r): for [fɔr] door [dɔr]
a(l): talk [tɔk] walk [wɔk]
a(ll): ball [bɔl] tall [tɔl]
au: cause [kɔz] pause [pɔz]
aw: saw [sɔ] law [lɔ]
[υ]
oo: book [bυk] cook [kυk]
u: put [pυt] push [pυʃ]
[u]
oo: moon [mun] food [fud]
u: ruby ['rubI] July [dʒu'laI]
ue: blue [blu] true [tru]
ew: flew [flu] blew [blu]
u~e: rule [rul] flute [flut]
[ʌ]
u: duck [dʌk] fun [fʌn]
o: son [sʌn] come [kʌm]
ou: double [dʌbl] southern ['sʌðɚn]
[ə]
a: ago [ə'go] about [ə'baut]
e: quiet [kwaIət] happen ['hæpən]
i: direct [də'rεkt] possible ['pasəbl]
o: today [tə'de] second ['sεkənd]
u: circus ['sɚkəs] album ['ælbəm]
[ɚ]
er: after ['æftɚ] sister ['sIstɚ]
or: tailor ['telɚ] actor ['æktɚ]
[ɝ]
ur: burn [bɝn] fur [fɝ]
er: clerk [klɝk] verb [vɝb]
ir: bird [bɝd] girl [gɝl]
[aI]
i~e: bike [baIk] kite [kaIt]
y: cry [kraI] dry [draI]
i : child [tʃaIld] kind [kaInd]
igh: night [naIt] right [raIt]
[aυ]
ou: cloud [klaυd] house [haυs]
ow: cow [kaυ] down [daυn]
[ɔI]
oi: coin [kɔIn] point [pɔInt]
oy: boy [bɔI] enjoy [In'dʒɔI]
[k]
c: cat [kæt] cot [kat] cut [cʌt]
k: key [ki] king [kIŋ]
ck: luck [lʌk] back [bæk]
lk: talk [tɔk] walk [wɔk]
q(在u之前): queen [kwin] quit [kwIt]
* q字母在u字母前发[k],同时u发[w]
[g]
g: g字母在单词末尾或a,o,u或其他子音前面念[g]
gate [get] got [gat] green [grin]
在词尾: bag [bæg] dog [dɔg]
gh: ghost [gost]
gh在词首发[g],在词中不发音,在词尾发[f]
[f]
f: fan [fæn] five [faIv]
ff: muffin ['mʌfin] off [ɔf]
ph: phone [fon] photo ['foto]
lf: shelf [ʃεlf] half [hælf]
gh: gh在t前面不发音,在au/ou之后发[f]
[s]
c: c在i,e,y前面发音[s]
circle ['sɚkl] cent [sεnt] cycle ['saIkl]
s: sun [sʌn] bus [bʌs]
ss: boss [bɔs] kiss [kIs]
[ʃ]
sh: shark [ʃark] fish [fIʃ]
如s,h不在同一音节,则不念[ʃ]
ti: nation ['nefən] station ['steʃən]
sci: conscience ['kanʃəns]
ch: chef [ʃεf] chalet ['ʃæle]
ssi: mission ['mIʃən]
s: sure [ʃυr] sugar ['ʃυgɚ]
si: mansion ['mænʃən]
[θ]
th: thin [θIn] bath [bæθ]
[ð]
th: that [ðæt] gather ['gæðɚ]
[ʒ]
si: vision ['vIʒən] occasion [ə'keʒən]
s: pleasure ['plεʒɚ] measure ['mεʒɚ]
g: rouge [ruʒ] garage [gə'raʒ]
[tʃ]
ch: cheese [tʃiz] lunch [lʌntʃ]
t: nature ['netʃɚ] situation [sitʃ'eʃən]
tch: match [mætʃ] catch [kætʃ]
[dʒ]
g(在i,e,y之前): gentle ['dʒεntl] giant ['dʒaIənt]
j: just [dʒst] enjoy [IndʒɔI]
dge: bridge [brIdʒ] judge [dʒʌdʒ]
d: graduation ['grædʒu'eʃən] education [εdʒu'keʃən]
[h]:
h: hat [hæt] ham [hæm]
wh: who [hu] whom [hum] whose [huz]
[n]
n: can [kæn] nest [nεst]
nn: runner [rʌnɚ] dinner ['dInɚ]
kn: knife [naIf]
gn: sign [saIn]
[ŋ]
n(在k之前): pink [pIŋk] think [θiŋk]
ng: ring [rIŋ] song [sɔŋ]
ng 同时发[ŋg]
finger ['fiŋgɚ] kangaroo [kæŋgɚ'ru]
[j]
y: yellow ['jεloj you [yu]
i: onion ['ʌnjən]
子音省略不发音
* b在t或m前不发音: debt [dεt] thumb [θʌm]
* ck的c不发音: pick [pIk] lick [lIk]
* g在n之前不发音: gnash [næʃ] design [dI'zaIn]
* gh在t之前不发音: bought [bɔt] caught [kɔt]
* h
* h在r或k之后不发音 rhyme [raIm] khaki [kakI]
* 和母音字母同时出现在字尾: oh [o] hurrah [hə'ra]
* 偶尔在子音和非重音节字母之间不发音: shepherd['ʃεpɚd]
* 偶尔在字首不发音: hour [aυr] honor ['anɚ]
* 在ex之后: exhaust [Ig'zɔst]
* k和n同时出现在字首时不发音: know [no] knee [ni]
* l在alk,alm,alf中不发音: talk [tɔk] calm [kam] half [hæf]
* l在ould中不发音: should [ʃυd] could [kυd]
* n和m同时出现时不发音: autumn [‘ɔtəm] column ['kaləm]
* p在n,s,t之前不发音: psychology [saI'kalədʒI]
* s偶尔在i之后不发音: island ['aIlənd] aisle [aIl]
* s在Arkansas字尾的s: Arkansas ['arkɔnsɔ]
* t在sten及stle中不发音,fasten ['fæsn] castle ['kæs]
* u偶尔在g或q之后不发音,guard [gard]
* w和r同时出现在字首时不发音. write [raIt] wrong [rɔŋ]
* w在某些单词中不发音: two [tu] answer ['ænsə] sword [sord]
- c字母在a,o,u母音前面必念[k].
- 当两个无声子音出现在一起时,第二个无声子音变有声子音.
- k/g在n前面不发音
- n在k前面发[ŋ]
- ng发音[ŋg]
Unit 4 重音练习
PART 1 音节练习
单音节
go [go] cat [kæt] beat [bit] stop [stop]
二音节
pretend [pri’tεnd] tonight [tə’naIt]
a dog Who knows?
sunset ['sʌnsεt] modern ['madən]
notebook ['notbuk] phone book
三音节
calendar ['kæləndɚ] article ['artIkl]
digital ['dIdʒItl] Show me one
tomorrow [tə’mɔro] potato [pə’teto]
a fruit cake. I love you.
refugee [rεfju’dʒi] engineer [εndʒ’nIr]
on the bus
what a jerk
Bill went home
School is fun
Tom made lunch
四音节
hospitable ['haspItəbl] dictionary ['dIkʃənεrI]
baby-sitter race car driver
invisible [In’vIzəbl] potato chip
How old are you? What time is it?
imitation [Imə’teʃən] introduction [Intrə’dʌkʃən
What’s the matter? Put your hands up.
I want to know. We played all day.
We took my car.
Bears are fuzzy
Cats eat fish bones.
Mike can hear you.
Joe bought a book.
Ed took my car.
Sam’s in a bar.
PART 2 学习重点
1. 内容语(名词,动词,形容词,副词) 重音
2. 机能语(冠词,介系词,连接词,助动词,代名词) 非重音
big / box
It’s big. It’s a box.
It’s a big box. It’s very big.
It’s a very big box.
good /book
It’s good. It’s a book. It’s a good book.
It’s really good. It’s a really good book.
phone /book
It’s a phone. It’s a book.
It’s a phone book.
It’s an open phone book.
It’s a phone book listing.
Mike loves Mary / He loves her.
Jean sees Tom / She sees him.
Eric hates English / He hates it.
####小结
有些单词发音虽然相同,却会因重音节位置不同而产生不同的意思.名词具有各自的重音节,但复合名词的重音节则是落在最前面
an English teacher 教英语的老师
an English teacher 英国籍的老师
a greenhouse 温室
a green house 绿色的房子
a woman doctor 妇产科医生
a woman doctor 女医生
Peter: How was your vacation?
Mary: Pretty good. 很不错啊
Pretty good. 真的很好.
Jack: How many are left in the basket?
Joe: Not one (不止一个)
Not one (一个也没有)
It’s on the table,not under the table.
I didn’t steal the money. Someone else stole it.
I didn’t steal the money. That’s not true at all.
I didn’t steal the money. I just borrowed it.
I didn’t steal the money, but I stole some other money.
I didn’t steal the money. I had taken some jewelry.
Unit 5 音的变化
子音+母音 -> 前词词尾的子音和后词词首的母音连接
give up take out
turn off Take it easy
Tell her I miss her
子音+子音 -> 前词词尾的子音和后词词首的子音相同,子音[p][b][t][d][k][g][f][v]要轻音化.
sit down credit card hot dog
I was so happy / He needs a lot of money
I have got to go -> I have gotta go
Do you want to dance? -> Do you wanna dance?
母音+母音 -> 前词词尾的母音和后词词首的母音中,会多出[w]和[j]的发音
Do I ? / You're so honest /He is a boy
T.D.S.Z + Y -> [t][d][s][z] 结尾,接上y开头的词,会产生下列音变.
T + Y -> [tʃ]
Can't you do it? / I'll let you know
Is that your car? / No,not yet.
D + Y -> [dʒ]
Did you love me? / Could you tell me?
Where did you buy it?
S + Y -> [ʃ]
God bless you. / Can you dress yourself?
I miss you
Z + Y -> [ʒ]
How was your vacation? / He says you're good.
Where's your sister?