shell基礎
幫助文檔
man
--help
目錄及文件的基本操作
intbjw@moew:~$ pwd
/home/intbjw
intbjw@moew:~$ cd /
intbjw@moew:/$ ls
bin boot dev etc home init lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin snap srv sys tmp usr var
intbjw@moew:/$ ls -la
total 580
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 27 10:27 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 27 10:27 ..
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 27 10:33 bin
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 5 00:08 boot
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 30 10:42 dev
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 30 10:42 etc
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 27 10:27 home
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 591344 Jan 1 1970 init
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 29 16:30 lib
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 4 23:53 lib64
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 4 23:52 media
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 27 10:27 mnt
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 28 14:43 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 9 root root 0 Mar 30 10:42 proc
drwx------ 1 root root 512 Mar 27 16:08 root
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 30 10:42 run
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 29 16:30 sbin
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Oct 30 20:17 snap
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 4 23:52 srv
dr-xr-xr-x 12 root root 0 Mar 30 10:42 sys
drwxrwxrwt 1 root root 512 Mar 30 10:53 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 27 18:26 usr
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 5 00:02 var
intbjw@moew:/$ cd home/intbjw/
intbjw@moew:~$ touch hello.txt
intbjw@moew:~$ mkdir test
intbjw@moew:~$ mkdir -p test/sdasd
intbjw@moew:~$ ls
KDD99-CNN hello.txt test
intbjw@moew:~$ tree
.
├── KDD99-CNN
│ ├── README.md
│ ├── ids_kdd99.ipynb
│ ├── ids_kdd99.py
│ ├── models
│ │ └── resnet
│ │ ├── assets
│ │ ├── saved_model.pb
│ │ └── variables
│ │ ├── variables.data-00000-of-00001
│ │ └── variables.index
│ ├── my_model.h5
│ ├── my_model28.h5
│ ├── run_mymodel.py
│ └── save_models
├── hello.txt
└── test
└── sdasd
8 directories, 10 files
intbjw@moew:~$ cp hello.txt hello.txt.bak
intbjw@moew:~$ rm hello.txt.bak
intbjw@moew:~$ mv hello.txt hello.doc
intbjw@moew:~$ mv hello.doc test/
intbjw@moew:~$ find -name hello.doc
./test/hello.doc
intbjw@moew:~$ du -sh /home/intbjw/
2.9G /home/intbjw/
intbjw@moew:~$ df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
rootfs lxfs 115G 102G 14G 89% /
none tmpfs 115G 102G 14G 89% /dev
none tmpfs 115G 102G 14G 89% /run
none tmpfs 115G 102G 14G 89% /run/lock
none tmpfs 115G 102G 14G 89% /run/shm
none tmpfs 115G 102G 14G 89% /run/user
cgroup tmpfs 115G 102G 14G 89% /sys/fs/cgroup
C:\ drvfs 115G 102G 14G 89% /mnt/c
D:\ drvfs 51G 31G 20G 61% /mnt/d
E:\ drvfs 138G 39G 99G 29% /mnt/e
F:\ drvfs 140G 11G 129G 8% /mnt/f
G:\ drvfs 140G 95G 45G 69% /mnt/g
查看文件內容
cat
more
less
head
tail
wc
grep
echo
命令別名
alias
unlias
環境變量
env
set
export
declare
排序命令
sort
uniq
wc
cat /etc/passwd | sort -t":" k -3
IO和重定向
0 1 2
stdout
多重指令
cmd;cmd cmd&&cmd cmd||cmd
vim
三種狀態
安裝包安裝
rpm install
rpm -qa
rpm -Va
rpm erase
網絡
ifconfig traceroute
scp 從遠端->近端
ssh
rsync 同步，網絡命令
namp
netcat
a:nc -lp port
b:nc ip port -c bash
wget curl ss
tcpdump iptables ping
SUID權限 S權限
file查看文件的類型
壓縮及解壓
gzip
gzip hello.txt
gzip -d hello.txt
bzip2
bzip2 hello.txt
bzip2 -d hello.txt
tar
tar -cf etc.tar /etc/
tar -czf boot.tar.gz /boot/
tar -xvf
命令使用技巧
善用Tab鍵
使用命令歷史 !500
適時清屏 Ctrl+l或者clear
查找常用命令存儲位置 which
賬戶與安全
useradd 創建新用戶
groupadd 創建組用戶
id 顯示賬戶及組信息
passwd 更新賬號認證信息
usermod 修改用戶信息
userdel 刪除賬戶及相關文件
groupdel 刪除組賬戶
賬戶與組文件解析
cat /etc/passwd #賬戶信息
cat /etc/shadow #賬戶密碼文件
cat /etc/group #組賬戶信息
cat /etc/gshadow#組賬戶密碼
gpasswd admin
gpasswd -A mail admin
修改Linux文件屬性
intbjw@moew:/$ ls -la
total 580
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 27 10:27 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 27 10:27 ..
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 27 10:33 bin
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 5 00:08 boot
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 30 10:42 dev
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 30 10:42 etc
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 27 10:27 home
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 591344 Jan 1 1970 init
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 29 16:30 lib
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 4 23:53 lib64
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 4 23:52 media
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 27 10:27 mnt
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 28 14:43 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 9 root root 0 Mar 30 10:42 proc
drwx------ 1 root root 512 Mar 27 16:08 root
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 30 10:42 run
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 29 16:30 sbin
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Oct 30 20:17 snap
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 4 23:52 srv
dr-xr-xr-x 12 root root 0 Mar 30 10:42 sys
drwxrwxrwt 1 root root 512 Mar 30 10:53 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 27 18:26 usr
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 512 Mar 5 00:02 var
#權限主要分爲讀、寫、執行三種控制
r(讀權限)、w(寫權限)、x(執行權限)
chgrp
chown #修改文件或目錄的擁有者與所屬組
chmod #修改文件屬性
umask
chattr
進程查看
ps -l
ps -aux
資源管理器
top
系統服務
crontab #計時任務
kill #殺進程
等等
系統資源
free #查看內存
uname #核心
dmesg #分析核心
vmstat#系統資源變化
未完待續