一、安裝xlrd:
1、Option one: install xlrd via pip
cd /d C:\Users\***\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\Scripts
easy_install.exe pip
pip install xlrd
2、Option two: install xlrd via third-party packages
- download from https://pypi.org/project/xlrd/ https://pypi.org/project/xlwt/
- unzip xlrd-1.2.0.tar.gz to C:\Users\***\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\Lib\xlrd-1.2.0
- run xlrd-1.2.0\setup.py
python setup.py install
二、常用方法:
1、導入模塊:
import xlrd
import xlwt
2、打開文件:
x1 = xlrd.open_workbook("data.xls")
3、獲取sheet:
- 獲取所有sheet名字:x1.sheet_names()
- 獲取sheet數量:x1.nsheets
- 獲取所有sheet對象:x1.sheets()
- 通過sheet名查找:x1.sheet_by_name("test”)
- 通過索引查找:x1.sheet_by_index(3)
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import xlrd
import os
filename = "demo.xls"
filePath = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), filename)
print filePath
# 1、打開文件
x1 = xlrd.open_workbook(filePath)
# 2、獲取sheet對象
print 'sheet_names:', x1.sheet_names() # 獲取所有sheet名字
print 'sheet_number:', x1.nsheets # 獲取sheet數量
print 'sheet_object:', x1.sheets() # 獲取所有sheet對象
print 'By_name:', x1.sheet_by_name("test") # 通過sheet名查找
print 'By_index:', x1.sheet_by_index(3) # 通過索引查找
輸出:
sheet_names: [u' plan', u'team building', u'modile', u'test']
sheet_number: 4
sheet_object: [<xlrd.sheet.Sheet object at 0x10244c190>, <xlrd.sheet.Sheet object at 0x10244c150>, <xlrd.sheet.Sheet object at 0x10244c110>, <xlrd.sheet.Sheet object at 0x10244c290>]
By_name: <xlrd.sheet.Sheet object at 0x10244c290>
By_index: <xlrd.sheet.Sheet object at 0x10244c290>
4、獲取sheet的彙總數據:
- 獲取sheet名:sheet1.name
- 獲取總行數:sheet1.nrows
- 獲取總列數:sheet1.ncols
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import xlrd
import os
from datetime import date,datetime
filename = "demo.xlsx"
filePath = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), filename)
print filePath
# 打開文件
x1 = xlrd.open_workbook(filePath)
# 獲取sheet的彙總數據
sheet1 = x1.sheet_by_name("plan")
print "sheet name:", sheet1.name # get sheet name
print "row num:", sheet1.nrows # get sheet all rows number
print "col num:", sheet1.ncols # get sheet all columns number
輸出:
sheet name: plan
row num: 31
col num: 11
5、單元格批量讀取:
a)行操作:
- sheet1.row_values(0) # 獲取第一行所有內容,合併單元格,首行顯示值,其它爲空。
- sheet1.row(0) # 獲取單元格值類型和內容
- sheet1.row_types(0) # 獲取單元格數據類型
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import xlrd
import os
from datetime import date,datetime
filename = "demo.xls"
filePath = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), filename)
x1 = xlrd.open_workbook(filePath)
sheet1 = x1.sheet_by_name("plan")
# 單元格批量讀取
print sheet1.row_values(0) # 獲取第一行所有內容,合併單元格,首行顯示值,其它爲空。
print sheet1.row(0) # 獲取單元格值類型和內容
print sheet1.row_types(0) # 獲取單元格數據類型
輸出:
[u'learning plan', u'', u'', u'', u'', u'', u'', u'', 123.0, 42916.0, 0]
[text:u'learning plan', empty:u'', empty:u'', empty:u'', empty:u'', empty:u'', empty:u'', empty:u'', number:123.0, xldate:42916.0, bool:0]
array('B', [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 4])
b) 表操作
- sheet1.row_values(0, 6, 10) # 取第1行,第6~10列(不含第10表)
- sheet1.col_values(0, 0, 5) # 取第1列,第0~5行(不含第5行)
- sheet1.row_slice(2, 0, 2) # 獲取單元格值類型和內容
- sheet1.row_types(1, 0, 2) # 獲取單元格數據類型
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import xlrd
import os
from datetime import date,datetime
filename = "demo.xlsx"
filePath = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), filename)
print filePath
# 1、打開文件
x1 = xlrd.open_workbook(filePath)
sheet1 = x1.sheet_by_name("plan")
# 列操作
print sheet1.row_values(0, 6, 10) # 取第1行,第6~10列(不含第10表)
print sheet1.col_values(0, 0, 5) # 取第1列,第0~5行(不含第5行)
print sheet1.row_slice(2, 0, 2) # 獲取單元格值類型和內容,同sheet1.row(0)
print sheet1.row_types(1, 0, 2) # 獲取單元格數據類型
輸出:
[u'', u'', 123.0, 42916.0]
[u'learning plan', u'\u7f16\u53f7', 1.0, 2.0, 3.0]
[number:1.0, text:u'\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u4e60']
array('B', [1, 1])
6、特定單元格讀取:
a) 獲取單元格值:
- sheet1.cell_value(1, 2)
- sheet1.cell(1, 2).value
- sheet1.row(1)[2].value
b) 獲取單元格類型:
- sheet1.cell(1, 2).ctype
- sheet1.cell_type(1, 2)
- sheet1.row(1)[2].ctype
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import xlrd
import os
from datetime import date,datetime
filename = "demo.xlsx"
filePath = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), filename)
x1 = xlrd.open_workbook(filePath)
sheet1 = x1.sheet_by_name("plan")
# 特定單元格讀取
# 取值
print sheet1.cell_value(1, 2)
print sheet1.cell(1, 2).value
print sheet1.row(1)[2].value
#取類型
print sheet1.cell(1, 2).ctype
print sheet1.cell_type(1, 2)
print sheet1.row(1)[2].ctype
7、(0,0)轉換A1:
- xlrd.cellname(0, 0) # (0,0)轉換成A1
- xlrd.cellnameabs(0, 0) # (0,0)轉換成$A$1
- xlrd.colname(30) # 把列由數字轉換爲字母表示
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import xlrd
import os
filename = "demo.xlsx"
filePath = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), filename)
# 打開文件
x1 = xlrd.open_workbook(filePath)
sheet1 = x1.sheet_by_name("plan")
# (0,0)轉換成A1
print xlrd.cellname(0, 0) # (0,0)轉換成A1
print xlrd.cellnameabs(0, 0) # (0,0)轉換成$A$1
print xlrd.colname(30) # 把列由數字轉換爲字母表示
輸出:
A1
$A$1
AE
8、數據類型:
- 空:0
- 字符串:1
- 數字:2
- 日期:3
- 布爾:4
- error:5