- 本文主要介紹三個實例:分別是基於bs4庫的中國大學排名定向爬取、基於Xpath的丁香園用戶和回覆內容爬取、以及基於re庫的淘寶商品比價定向爬蟲
- 學習交流請聯繫 [email protected]
中國大學排名定向爬取
- 爬取url:http://www.zuihaodaxue.cn/zuihaodaxuepaiming2019.html
- 爬取思路:
- 從網絡上獲取大學排名網頁內容
- 提取網頁內容中信息到合適的數據結構(二維數組)-排名,學校名稱,總分
- 利用數據結構展示並輸出結果
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import bs4
def getHTMLText(url):
try:
r = requests.get(url,timeout=30)
r.raise_for_status()
r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
return r.text
except:
return ""
def fillUnivList(ulist, html):
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
for tr in soup.find('tbody').children:
if isinstance(tr, bs4.element.Tag):
tds = tr('td')
ulist.append([tds[0].string, tds[1].string, tds[2].string,tds[3].string])
def printUnivList(ulist, num):
tplt = "{0:^10}\t{1:{4}^8}\t{2:6}\t{3:10}"
print(tplt.format("排名","學校名稱","城市","總分",chr(12288)))
for i in range(num):
u=ulist[i]
print(tplt.format(u[0],u[1],u[2],u[3],chr(12288)))
def main():
uinfo = []
url ='http://www.zuihaodaxue.cn/zuihaodaxuepaiming2019.html'
html = getHTMLText(url)
fillUnivList(uinfo, html)
printUnivList(uinfo, 30)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
丁香園用戶名和回覆內容爬取
- 爬取url:http://www.dxy.cn/bbs/thread/626626#626626
- 爬取思路:
- 獲取url的html,lxml解析html
- 利用Xpath表達式獲取user和content
- 保存爬取的內容
from lxml import etree
import requests
url = "http://www.dxy.cn/bbs/thread/626626#626626"
req = requests.get(url)
html = req.text
tree = etree.HTML(html)
user = tree.xpath('//div[@class="auth"]/a/text()')
content = tree.xpath('//td[@class="postbody"]')
results = []
for i in range(0, len(user)):
results.append(user[i].strip() + ": " + content[i].xpath('string(.)').strip())
for i,result in zip(range(0, len(user)),results):
print("user"+ str(i+1) + "-" + result)
print("-"*100)
淘寶商品比價定向爬蟲
- 爬取url:https://s.taobao.com/search?q=書包&js=1&stats_click=search_radio_all%25
- 爬取思路:
- 提交商品搜索請求,循環獲取頁面
- 對於每個頁面,提取商品名稱和價格信息
- 將信息輸出到屏幕上
import requests
import re
def getHTMLText(url):
"""
請求獲取html,(字符串)
:param url: 爬取網址
:return: 字符串
"""
try:
kv = {
'cookie': 'thw=cn; v=0; t=ab66dffdedcb481f77fd563809639584; cookie2=1f14e41c704ef58f8b66ff509d0d122e; _tb_token_=5e6bed8635536; cna=fGOnFZvieDECAXWIVi96eKju; unb=1864721683; sg=%E4%B8%8B3f; _l_g_=Ug%3D%3D; skt=83871ef3b7a49a0f; cookie1=BqeGegkL%2BLUif2jpoUcc6t6Ogy0RFtJuYXR4VHB7W0A%3D; csg=3f233d33; uc3=vt3=F8dBy3%2F50cpZbAursCI%3D&id2=UondEBnuqeCnfA%3D%3D&nk2=u%2F5wdRaOPk21wDx%2F&lg2=VFC%2FuZ9ayeYq2g%3D%3D; existShop=MTU2MjUyMzkyMw%3D%3D; tracknick=%5Cu4E36%5Cu541B%5Cu4E34%5Cu4E3F%5Cu5929%5Cu4E0B; lgc=%5Cu4E36%5Cu541B%5Cu4E34%5Cu4E3F%5Cu5929%5Cu4E0B; _cc_=WqG3DMC9EA%3D%3D; dnk=%5Cu4E36%5Cu541B%5Cu4E34%5Cu4E3F%5Cu5929%5Cu4E0B; _nk_=%5Cu4E36%5Cu541B%5Cu4E34%5Cu4E3F%5Cu5929%5Cu4E0B; cookie17=UondEBnuqeCnfA%3D%3D; tg=0; enc=2GbbFv3joWCJmxVZNFLPuxUUDA7QTpES2D5NF0D6T1EIvSUqKbx15CNrsn7nR9g%2Fz8gPUYbZEI95bhHG8M9pwA%3D%3D; hng=CN%7Czh-CN%7CCNY%7C156; mt=ci=32_1; alitrackid=www.taobao.com; lastalitrackid=www.taobao.com; swfstore=97213; x=e%3D1%26p%3D*%26s%3D0%26c%3D0%26f%3D0%26g%3D0%26t%3D0%26__ll%3D-1%26_ato%3D0; uc1=cookie16=UtASsssmPlP%2Ff1IHDsDaPRu%2BPw%3D%3D&cookie21=UIHiLt3xThH8t7YQouiW&cookie15=URm48syIIVrSKA%3D%3D&existShop=false&pas=0&cookie14=UoTaGqj%2FcX1yKw%3D%3D&tag=8&lng=zh_CN; JSESSIONID=A502D8EDDCE7B58F15F170380A767027; isg=BMnJJFqj8FrUHowu4yKyNXcd2PXjvpa98f4aQWs-RbDvsunEs2bNGLfj8BYE6lWA; l=cBTDZx2mqxnxDRr0BOCanurza77OSIRYYuPzaNbMi_5dd6T114_OkmrjfF96VjWdO2LB4G2npwJ9-etkZ1QoqpJRWkvP.; whl=-1%260%260%261562528831082',
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0'
}
r = requests.get(url, timeout=30, headers=kv)
r.raise_for_status()
r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
return r.text
except:
return "爬取失敗"
def parsePage(glist, html):
'''
解析網頁,搜索需要的信息
:param glist: 列表作爲存儲容器
:param html: 由getHTMLText()得到的
:return: 商品信息的列表
'''
try:
price_list = re.findall(r'', html)
name_list = re.findall(r'', html)
for i in range(len(price_list)):
price = eval(price_list[i].split(":")[1])
name = eval(name_list[i].split(":")[1])
glist.append([price, name])
except:
print("解析失敗")
def printGoodList(glist):
tplt = "{0:^4}\t{1:^6}\t{2:^10}"
print(tplt.format("序號", "商品價格", "商品名稱"))
count = 0
for g in glist:
count = count + 1
print(tplt.format(count, g[0], g[1]))
goods_name = "書包"
start_url = "https://s.taobao.com/search?q=" + goods_name
info_list = []
page = 3
count = 0
for i in range(page):
count += 1
try:
url = start_url + "&s=" + str(44 * i)
html = getHTMLText(url)
parsePage(info_list, html)
print("\r爬取頁面當前進度: {:.2f}%".format(count * 100 / page), end="")
except:
continue
printGoodList(info_list)