極客時間學習心得：用分類和聚焦全面夯實技術認知

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" 今年公司和極客時間一起組織了“聯現技術咖”活動，其中一項是在極客時間平臺上開放了大量優秀課程供我們學習。經過這幾個月的學習和練習，感覺收穫很大。正好有這個機會，我也來分享一下我的學習心得，供大家參考借鑑。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"首先，對於技術類的學習，先要有一個明確的方向："},{"type":"text","text":"本次的學習是針對大數據、還是雲計算、或是架構設計等等。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"有針對性，能更加聚焦能量"},{"type":"text","text":"，通過系列課程的配合銜接，夯實對本領域知識的認識瞭解，所學內容能切實爲今後的工作提供幫助。這點上，極客時間的老師已經幫我們分類好了，將大量課程規劃爲幾個不同的技術路線，供我們選擇。我選擇的是架構類的方向，期望通過學習，提高對系統設計的整體把握，更新知識結構，跟上業界最新的發展動態。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"選好了方向，接下來就要選擇課程了。我的經驗是把課程分爲以下幾類："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、重點學習類："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"    內容比較重要、但我又不太瞭解的課程，我會歸入此類，比如這次課程裏的“說透中臺”、“DDD實戰課”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"    對這類課程，我的目標是儘量瞭解技術結構、理論方法，嘗試融合到我現有知識框架之中。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"    學習過程中，我會安排比較充分的時間，認真的聽課做筆記，做好課後總結。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"    有條件的還需要進行上手實驗、技術驗證等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2、"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"查缺補漏類："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"    對於我比較瞭解的內容，我會歸入此類，比如“透視HTTP協議”、“MySQL實戰45講”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"    對這類課程，我的目標是檢驗自身知識結構的完整性，並瞭解相關領域有沒有提出新的思想或方案。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"    學習過程中，我會在空閒時間，快速瀏覽課程的講稿。如果遇到自己不清楚的，纔會再去聽一下老師的講解作爲知識補充。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3、"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"拓展瀏覽類："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"    對於我日常不太使用的技術棧、或是一些項目經驗交流的課程，我會歸入此類，比如“微服務架構實戰160講”、“項目管理實戰20講”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"    對這類課程，我的目標是大致瞭解相關領域的發展，對實現細節和所用的組件框架無需深入瞭解。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"    學習過程中，我會在碎片時間本着開闊眼界心態，聽聽音頻講解，能激發自己的靈感最好，但並不強求收穫多少。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"學習內容確定後，就要進入實際的學習過程了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於學習安排，重點知識學習需要每天安排固定時間，補缺和瀏覽類學習可以隨機安排在碎片時間進行；對於重點知識的學習，需要構建新的知識框架，並融合入自己現有的知識體系中，這類活動需要一段時間的投入和專注。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從我自身的經驗來看，碎片時間做這類工作難度比較大，很難深入思考學習的內容，所以我每天用固定的一個小時左右的時間來做這件事。一般我會安排在清晨上班前，這段時間比較安靜，不會被打擾，能夠深入思考相關內容。如果早上不太方便的，也可以安排在晚上睡前，這也是一段比較充裕的可以安靜思考的時間。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我嘗試下來發現，每天的學習時間固定，能產生一種生活的儀式感，有利於堅持和培養學習習慣。在形成習慣之後，如果這段時間不學習，會感覺到少了些什麼，習慣會轉化爲內生動力督促自己學習。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/4b/4ba368f25c1ce3466f8cc4bc4333d6ca.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"100%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" 另外，控制每天的學習時間，也是很重要的一項。我以前看到有趣的課程，常常會忍不住想在一兩天裏看完它。這樣學下來，完全沒有辦法融會貫通，往往聽到後面前面的就早忘了；或者是前面知識還沒有吸收，後面內容聽的雲裏霧裏。所以我現在對那些困難的課程，每天最多上一小時的課。力爭能夠理解課程內容，消化吸收後再學習下一個課時。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於瀏覽類的課程，我每天也不會聽太長時間。就我個人感覺，如果一段時間大量吸收知識，會產生一種對學習的倦怠，就和暴飲暴食之後消化不良的感覺差不多。在突擊學習幾天之後，會被大量的知識打回原型，跟着一長段的時間的放棄學習；直到下一次被激發，再次重複突擊到放棄的循環。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"現在我秉承細水長流的學習態度，每天學習一點，不貪多影響生活工作中的其他事項。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不把學習當作一個有KPI指標任務，不要去過多考慮我今天有沒有提升，提升了什麼。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"把學習作爲生活中的一個習慣，自然有序的持續學習，才能持續更新自我。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"這裏也有個小技巧分享給大家：根據心理學研究，人們傾向於記住還沒有完成的任務。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對學習而言，我們往往在學完一門課，或一個階段後，會產生倦怠，更容易中斷後續的學習。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所以在上網課的時候，每次留下視頻的最後5-10分鐘，可以在下意識中種下這項任務還未完成的感覺，讓人更傾向於去做完它，從而提高第二天繼續學習的可能性。"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/b2/b2b59005497d29ffc317bcd2a2ce40a1.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"100%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"學習吸收之後，便是轉化運用了，這也是非常關鍵的一步。大量的牛人和書籍也都反覆給我們講解了學以致用的重要性。好比我在學習了“說透中臺”的課程後，對中臺有了基本的概念，對中臺的體系結構也有了一些認識。但這些概念和知識是不是正確，是不是能和我們公司的實際情況結合，都不是靠老師講解就能獲得的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"嘗試着分析公司或部門的業務結構，去了解公司現有中臺建設是什麼情況，如何將部門的業務和公司的整體規劃相結合，在思考和嘗試的過程中才能去驗證學習的知識是不是理解、老師教授的內容是不是正確可行。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"也許你會想：“這塊業務有專門團隊負責，我考慮了也沒有用。”這其實是一個思考的誤區。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"l 第一，我們自己思考分析可以和專門團隊的結果驗證，可以檢驗出自己的欠缺。如果確實認爲自己的分析有可取之處，也可以給相關的團隊提出建議。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"l 第二，作爲一個公司級的中臺，必然會關聯到我們自己負責的系統，能夠全盤的考慮相關架構，能夠讓自己負責的系統更易融入公司整體框架中，也更易獲得周邊系統的支持。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"l 第三，並是不說設計出的內容沒有投入實際應用就沒有價值，分析設計本身就是一個自我提升的過程。這次設計工作的頂點會成爲下次設計的起點，只有在不斷的嘗試和磨練下，才能逐步提高自身能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所以說，不要太在意自己嘗試和實踐最後能不能轉化爲成果，重要的是行動起來。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"最後，我也和大家講兩個我常犯的問題，目前我也時常要和他們做鬥爭："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第一個問題，我稱爲“收集綜合症”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第一次登陸極客時間的時候，看到琳琅滿目的課程，這個想看，那個想學，都挑花了眼。花了大量的時間，一頁頁的翻看課程介紹，一個個加到收藏夾裏。開着一個課程聽着，手裏又在選下一個課程。所謂“選課兩小時、聽課兩分鐘”，就是這個狀態。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"收藏夾裏太多內容，就和待辦事項有太多項內容一樣，會給人一種無形的壓力，造成人的一種逃避傾向，很有可能以後那些課程就都一直停在收藏夾裏再也不會被打開了。所以這次和極客時間的合作項目的方式我覺得就挺不錯的。在限定時間裏，提供老師篩選過一遍的精品課程，可以減少選擇困難，也有一定的時間壓力督促完成學習項目。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第二個問題，就是凡事“明日復明日”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這一點相信很多人都會有，特別是對一些重要但又不緊急的事項。在技術學習方面，這些事特指課後總結和實操練習。相對而言，聽課總是輕鬆的，總結和實操需要的精力和時間的投入要大得多。我以前往往是在待辦事項中加了一條“xxx練習”，然後就看着它每日向後推一天，長期霸佔在待辦事項列表中。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"心理學上有個“72小時法則”"},{"type":"text","text":"：如果決定做一件事，在72小時裏還沒開始，可能就再也不會開始了。我常常因爲倦怠、或者忙其他事情，而把總結和實操的事情推了又推，最後不了了之。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我現在比較贊同的說法是：真正要做一件事，不要把它記在代辦事項中，而要給他分配時間。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對學習來說，就是在固定的學習時間，去做這些重要的事情。保持每日固定的時間投入，習慣化是克服拖延症的最好方法。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"回顧這幾個月的學習，也很感謝組織老師在羣裏的督促鼓舞，讓我感覺到“不是一個人在戰鬥”。在一個團體中，爲了同一個目標學習努力的感覺特別棒。希望以後有機會能夠再多參加此類的項目，和大家共同學習，共同成長。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}