kubenetes入門學習-五-資源清單定義入門


RESTful
    .GET,PUT,DELETE,POST,....  完成操作
    .kubectl run,get,edit,...
    
資源:對象
    workload:Pod,ReplicaSet,Deployment,StatefulSet,DaemonSet,Job,Cronjob,...
    服務發現及負載均衡:Service,Ingress,...
    配置與存儲:Volume,CSI
        ConfigMap,Secret
        DownwardAPI
    集羣級別資源
        Namespace,Node,Role,Cluster,RoleBinding,ClusterRoleBinding
    元數據型資源
        HPA,PodTemplate,LimitRange

kubectl get pod nginx-7849c4bbcd-dscjr -o yaml  這裏輸出位yaml格式
創建資源的方法:
    apiserver僅接收JSON格式的資源定義;
    yaml格式提供配置清單,apiserver自動將其轉換爲json格式,而後再提交;

大部分資源配置清單組成:
    apiVersion:group/version
        kubectl api-versions
    kind:資源類別
    metadata:元數據
        name
        namespaces
        labels  鍵值數據,每種資源都可以使用
        annotations
        
        每個資源的引用路徑PATH
            /api/GROUP/VERSION/namespace/NAMESPACE/TYPE/NAME
            /api/v1/namespaces/default/pods/nginx-7849c4bbcd-dscjr
    spec:期望狀態,disired state
        不同資源各不相同
    status:當前狀態current state,本字段由kubenetes集羣維護。
    
下面的命令查看資源定義
kubectl explain pods
kubectl explain pods.metadata
kubectl explain pods.spec
kubectl explain pods.spec.containers
kubectl explain pods.spec.containers.livenessProbe

下面開始定義最基本的資源
mkdir manifests
cd manifests
vim pod-demo.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: pod-demo
  namespace: default
  labels:
    app: myapp
    tier: frontend
spec:
  containers:
  - name: myapp
    image: nginx:1.14-alpine
  - name: apache
    image: httpd:2.4
    command:
    - "/bin/sh"
    - "-c"
    - "date > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html; sleep 5"
    
[root@master manifests]# kubectl create -f pod-demo.yaml 
pod/pod-demo created

[root@master manifests]# kubectl get pods
NAME                            READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-7849c4bbcd-dscjr          1/1     Running   0          46h
nginx-7849c4bbcd-vdd45          1/1     Running   0          46h
nginx-7849c4bbcd-wrvks          1/1     Running   0          46h
nginx-deploy-84cbfc56b6-mjcw5   1/1     Running   0          2d
pod-demo                        2/2     Running   1          11s
[root@master manifests]# kubectl describe pods pod-demo
Name:               pod-demo
Namespace:          default
Priority:           0
PriorityClassName:  <none>
Node:               node02/10.249.6.102
Start Time:         Sun, 03 Mar 2019 10:48:45 -0500
Labels:             app=myapp
                    tier=frontend
Annotations:        <none>
Status:             Running
IP:                 10.244.2.16
Containers:
  myapp:
    Container ID:   docker://2fef9be71b712596da67c9514f7f8a9742e17ae8b75424f24d4377b5a4c76c39
    Image:          nginx:1.14-alpine
    Image ID:       docker-pullable://nginx@sha256:b96aeeb1687703c49096f4969358d44f8520b671da94848309a3ba5be5b4c632
    Port:           <none>
    Host Port:      <none>
    State:          Running
      Started:      Sun, 03 Mar 2019 10:48:46 -0500
    Ready:          True
    Restart Count:  0
    Environment:    <none>
    Mounts:
      /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-6q28w (ro)
  apache:
    Container ID:  docker://cd7fd89398cca5d6e0daf7124fdcc156cc726172c6302fc9bd0e2aa4d51bb18d
    Image:         httpd:2.4
    Image ID:      docker-pullable://httpd@sha256:5e7992fcdaa214d5e88c4dfde274befe60d5d5b232717862856012bf5ce31086
    Port:          <none>
    Host Port:     <none>
    Command:
      /bin/sh
      -c
      sleep 3600
    State:          Running
      Started:      Sun, 03 Mar 2019 10:48:52 -0500
    Ready:          True
    Restart Count:  0
    Environment:    <none>
    Mounts:
      /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-6q28w (ro)
Conditions:
  Type              Status
  Initialized       True 
  Ready             True 
  ContainersReady   True 
  PodScheduled      True 
Volumes:
  default-token-6q28w:
    Type:        Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)
    SecretName:  default-token-6q28w
    Optional:    false
QoS Class:       BestEffort
Node-Selectors:  <none>
Tolerations:     node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute for 300s
                 node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute for 300s
Events:
  Type    Reason     Age   From               Message
  ----    ------     ----  ----               -------
  Normal  Scheduled  37s   default-scheduler  Successfully assigned default/pod-demo to node02
  Normal  Pulled     36s   kubelet, node02    Container image "nginx:1.14-alpine" already present on machine
  Normal  Created    36s   kubelet, node02    Created container
  Normal  Started    36s   kubelet, node02    Started container
  Normal  Pulling    36s   kubelet, node02    pulling image "httpd:2.4"
  Normal  Pulled     30s   kubelet, node02    Successfully pulled image "httpd:2.4"
  Normal  Created    30s   kubelet, node02    Created container
  Normal  Started    30s   kubelet, node02    Started container
直接刪除文件也一樣刪除容器
kubectl delete -f pod-demo.yaml
======================================================
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod,svc
NAME                                READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/nginx-7849c4bbcd-dscjr          1/1     Running   0          43h
pod/nginx-7849c4bbcd-vdd45          1/1     Running   0          43h
pod/nginx-7849c4bbcd-wrvks          1/1     Running   0          43h
pod/nginx-deploy-84cbfc56b6-mjcw5   1/1     Running   0          45h

NAME                   TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
service/kubernetes     ClusterIP   10.96.0.1        <none>        443/TCP   3d1h
service/nginx-deploy   ClusterIP   10.100.251.191   <none>        80/TCP    2d20h
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                            READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-7849c4bbcd-dscjr          1/1     Running   0          44h
nginx-7849c4bbcd-vdd45          1/1     Running   0          44h
nginx-7849c4bbcd-wrvks          1/1     Running   0          44h
nginx-deploy-84cbfc56b6-mjcw5   1/1     Running   0          45h
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod nginx-7849c4bbcd-dscjr
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-7849c4bbcd-dscjr   1/1     Running   0          44h
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod nginx-7849c4bbcd-dscjr -o yaml  這裏輸出位yaml格式
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod              workload
metadata:              元數據
  creationTimestamp: "2019-03-01T16:47:01Z"
  generateName: nginx-7849c4bbcd-
  labels:
    pod-template-hash: 7849c4bbcd
    run: nginx
  name: nginx-7849c4bbcd-dscjr
  namespace: default
  ownerReferences:
  - apiVersion: apps/v1
    blockOwnerDeletion: true
    controller: true
    kind: ReplicaSet
    name: nginx-7849c4bbcd
    uid: 116ab716-3c3d-11e9-a704-a0369f95b76e
  resourceVersion: "150656"
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/pods/nginx-7849c4bbcd-dscjr
  uid: a2f6ac10-3c41-11e9-a704-a0369f95b76e
spec:                               用戶定義資源目標狀態
  containers:
  - image: nginx:1.14-alpine
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
    name: nginx
    ports:
    - containerPort: 80
      protocol: TCP
    resources: {}
    terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
    terminationMessagePolicy: File
    volumeMounts:
    - mountPath: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount
      name: default-token-6q28w
      readOnly: true
  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
  enableServiceLinks: true
  nodeName: node01
  priority: 0
  restartPolicy: Always
  schedulerName: default-scheduler
  securityContext: {}
  serviceAccount: default
  serviceAccountName: default
  terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
  tolerations:
  - effect: NoExecute
    key: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready
    operator: Exists
    tolerationSeconds: 300
  - effect: NoExecute
    key: node.kubernetes.io/unreachable
    operator: Exists
    tolerationSeconds: 300
  volumes:
  - name: default-token-6q28w
    secret:
      defaultMode: 420
      secretName: default-token-6q28w
status:                                  當前狀態
  conditions:
  - lastProbeTime: null
    lastTransitionTime: "2019-03-01T16:47:01Z"
    status: "True"
    type: Initialized
  - lastProbeTime: null
    lastTransitionTime: "2019-03-01T16:47:02Z"
    status: "True"
    type: Ready
  - lastProbeTime: null
    lastTransitionTime: "2019-03-01T16:47:02Z"
    status: "True"
    type: ContainersReady
  - lastProbeTime: null
    lastTransitionTime: "2019-03-01T16:47:01Z"
    status: "True"
    type: PodScheduled
  containerStatuses:
  - containerID: docker://6d095904f8259b1bd458030c67c295bb46600a09a69ec97eaa502241f95ee31a
    image: nginx:1.14-alpine
    imageID: docker-pullable://nginx@sha256:b96aeeb1687703c49096f4969358d44f8520b671da94848309a3ba5be5b4c632
    lastState: {}
    name: nginx
    ready: true
    restartCount: 0
    state:
      running:
        startedAt: "2019-03-01T16:47:02Z"
  hostIP: 10.249.6.101
  phase: Running
  podIP: 10.244.1.13
  qosClass: BestEffort
  startTime: "2019-03-01T16:47:01Z"
========================================
[root@master ~]# kubectl explain pod
KIND:     Pod
VERSION:  v1

DESCRIPTION:
     Pod is a collection of containers that can run on a host. This resource is
     created by clients and scheduled onto hosts.

FIELDS:
   apiVersion    <string>
     APIVersion defines the versioned schema of this representation of an
     object. Servers should convert recognized schemas to the latest internal
     value, and may reject unrecognized values. More info:
     https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/api-conventions.md#resources

   kind    <string>
     Kind is a string value representing the REST resource this object
     represents. Servers may infer this from the endpoint the client submits
     requests to. Cannot be updated. In CamelCase. More info:
     https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/api-conventions.md#types-kinds

   metadata    <Object>
     Standard object's metadata. More info:
     https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/api-conventions.md#metadata

   spec    <Object>
     Specification of the desired behavior of the pod. More info:
     https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/api-conventions.md#spec-and-status

   status    <Object>
     Most recently observed status of the pod. This data may not be up to date.
     Populated by the system. Read-only. More info:
     https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/api-conventions.md#spec-and-status
[root@master ~]# kubectl explain pods.metadata
KIND:     Pod
VERSION:  v1

RESOURCE: metadata <Object>

DESCRIPTION:
     Standard object's metadata. More info:
     https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/api-conventions.md#metadata

     ObjectMeta is metadata that all persisted resources must have, which
     includes all objects users must create.

FIELDS:
   annotations    <map[string]string>
     Annotations is an unstructured key value map stored with a resource that
     may be set by external tools to store and retrieve arbitrary metadata. They
     are not queryable and should be preserved when modifying objects. More
     info: http://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/annotations

   clusterName    <string>
     The name of the cluster which the object belongs to. This is used to
     distinguish resources with same name and namespace in different clusters.
     This field is not set anywhere right now and apiserver is going to ignore
     it if set in create or update request.

   creationTimestamp    <string>
     CreationTimestamp is a timestamp representing the server time when this
     object was created. It is not guaranteed to be set in happens-before order
     across separate operations. Clients may not set this value. It is
     represented in RFC3339 form and is in UTC. Populated by the system.
     Read-only. Null for lists. More info:
     https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/api-conventions.md#metadata

   deletionGracePeriodSeconds    <integer>
     Number of seconds allowed for this object to gracefully terminate before it
     will be removed from the system. Only set when deletionTimestamp is also
     set. May only be shortened. Read-only.

   deletionTimestamp    <string>
     DeletionTimestamp is RFC 3339 date and time at which this resource will be
     deleted. This field is set by the server when a graceful deletion is
     requested by the user, and is not directly settable by a client. The
     resource is expected to be deleted (no longer visible from resource lists,
     and not reachable by name) after the time in this field, once the
     finalizers list is empty. As long as the finalizers list contains items,
     deletion is blocked. Once the deletionTimestamp is set, this value may not
     be unset or be set further into the future, although it may be shortened or
     the resource may be deleted prior to this time. For example, a user may
     request that a pod is deleted in 30 seconds. The Kubelet will react by
     sending a graceful termination signal to the containers in the pod. After
     that 30 seconds, the Kubelet will send a hard termination signal (SIGKILL)
     to the container and after cleanup, remove the pod from the API. In the
     presence of network partitions, this object may still exist after this
     timestamp, until an administrator or automated process can determine the
     resource is fully terminated. If not set, graceful deletion of the object
     has not been requested. Populated by the system when a graceful deletion is
     requested. Read-only. More info:
     https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/api-conventions.md#metadata

   finalizers    <[]string>
     Must be empty before the object is deleted from the registry. Each entry is
     an identifier for the responsible component that will remove the entry from
     the list. If the deletionTimestamp of the object is non-nil, entries in
     this list can only be removed.

   generateName    <string>
     GenerateName is an optional prefix, used by the server, to generate a
     unique name ONLY IF the Name field has not been provided. If this field is
     used, the name returned to the client will be different than the name
     passed. This value will also be combined with a unique suffix. The provided
     value has the same validation rules as the Name field, and may be truncated
     by the length of the suffix required to make the value unique on the
     server. If this field is specified and the generated name exists, the
     server will NOT return a 409 - instead, it will either return 201 Created
     or 500 with Reason ServerTimeout indicating a unique name could not be
     found in the time allotted, and the client should retry (optionally after
     the time indicated in the Retry-After header). Applied only if Name is not
     specified. More info:
     https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/api-conventions.md#idempotency

   generation    <integer>
     A sequence number representing a specific generation of the desired state.
     Populated by the system. Read-only.

   initializers    <Object>
     An initializer is a controller which enforces some system invariant at
     object creation time. This field is a list of initializers that have not
     yet acted on this object. If nil or empty, this object has been completely
     initialized. Otherwise, the object is considered uninitialized and is
     hidden (in list/watch and get calls) from clients that haven't explicitly
     asked to observe uninitialized objects. When an object is created, the
     system will populate this list with the current set of initializers. Only
     privileged users may set or modify this list. Once it is empty, it may not
     be modified further by any user.

   labels    <map[string]string>
     Map of string keys and values that can be used to organize and categorize
     (scope and select) objects. May match selectors of replication controllers
     and services. More info: http://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/labels

   name    <string>
     Name must be unique within a namespace. Is required when creating
     resources, although some resources may allow a client to request the
     generation of an appropriate name automatically. Name is primarily intended
     for creation idempotence and configuration definition. Cannot be updated.
     More info: http://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/identifiers#names

   namespace    <string>
     Namespace defines the space within each name must be unique. An empty
     namespace is equivalent to the "default" namespace, but "default" is the
     canonical representation. Not all objects are required to be scoped to a
     namespace - the value of this field for those objects will be empty. Must
     be a DNS_LABEL. Cannot be updated. More info:
     http://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/namespaces

   ownerReferences    <[]Object>
     List of objects depended by this object. If ALL objects in the list have
     been deleted, this object will be garbage collected. If this object is
     managed by a controller, then an entry in this list will point to this
     controller, with the controller field set to true. There cannot be more
     than one managing controller.

   resourceVersion    <string>
     An opaque value that represents the internal version of this object that
     can be used by clients to determine when objects have changed. May be used
     for optimistic concurrency, change detection, and the watch operation on a
     resource or set of resources. Clients must treat these values as opaque and
     passed unmodified back to the server. They may only be valid for a
     particular resource or set of resources. Populated by the system.
     Read-only. Value must be treated as opaque by clients and . More info:
     https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/api-conventions.md#concurrency-control-and-consistency

   selfLink    <string>
     SelfLink is a URL representing this object. Populated by the system.
     Read-only.

   uid    <string>
     UID is the unique in time and space value for this object. It is typically
     generated by the server on successful creation of a resource and is not
     allowed to change on PUT operations. Populated by the system. Read-only.
     More info: http://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/identifiers#uids
[root@master ~]# kubectl explain pods.spec
KIND:     Pod
VERSION:  v1

RESOURCE: spec <Object>

DESCRIPTION:
     Specification of the desired behavior of the pod. More info:
     https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/api-conventions.md#spec-and-status

     PodSpec is a description of a pod.

FIELDS:
   activeDeadlineSeconds    <integer>
     Optional duration in seconds the pod may be active on the node relative to
     StartTime before the system will actively try to mark it failed and kill
     associated containers. Value must be a positive integer.

   affinity    <Object>
     If specified, the pod's scheduling constraints

   automountServiceAccountToken    <boolean>
     AutomountServiceAccountToken indicates whether a service account token
     should be automatically mounted.

   containers    <[]Object> -required-
     List of containers belonging to the pod. Containers cannot currently be
     added or removed. There must be at least one container in a Pod. Cannot be
     updated.

   dnsConfig    <Object>
     Specifies the DNS parameters of a pod. Parameters specified here will be
     merged to the generated DNS configuration based on DNSPolicy.

   dnsPolicy    <string>
     Set DNS policy for the pod. Defaults to "ClusterFirst". Valid values are
     'ClusterFirstWithHostNet', 'ClusterFirst', 'Default' or 'None'. DNS
     parameters given in DNSConfig will be merged with the policy selected with
     DNSPolicy. To have DNS options set along with hostNetwork, you have to
     specify DNS policy explicitly to 'ClusterFirstWithHostNet'.

   enableServiceLinks    <boolean>
     EnableServiceLinks indicates whether information about services should be
     injected into pod's environment variables, matching the syntax of Docker
     links.

   hostAliases    <[]Object>
     HostAliases is an optional list of hosts and IPs that will be injected into
     the pod's hosts file if specified. This is only valid for non-hostNetwork
     pods.

   hostIPC    <boolean>
     Use the host's ipc namespace. Optional: Default to false.

   hostNetwork    <boolean>
     Host networking requested for this pod. Use the host's network namespace.
     If this option is set, the ports that will be used must be specified.
     Default to false.

   hostPID    <boolean>
     Use the host's pid namespace. Optional: Default to false.

   hostname    <string>
     Specifies the hostname of the Pod If not specified, the pod's hostname will
     be set to a system-defined value.

   imagePullSecrets    <[]Object>
     ImagePullSecrets is an optional list of references to secrets in the same
     namespace to use for pulling any of the images used by this PodSpec. If
     specified, these secrets will be passed to individual puller
     implementations for them to use. For example, in the case of docker, only
     DockerConfig type secrets are honored. More info:
     https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/containers/images#specifying-imagepullsecrets-on-a-pod

   initContainers    <[]Object>
     List of initialization containers belonging to the pod. Init containers are
     executed in order prior to containers being started. If any init container
     fails, the pod is considered to have failed and is handled according to its
     restartPolicy. The name for an init container or normal container must be
     unique among all containers. Init containers may not have Lifecycle
     actions, Readiness probes, or Liveness probes. The resourceRequirements of
     an init container are taken into account during scheduling by finding the
     highest request/limit for each resource type, and then using the max of of
     that value or the sum of the normal containers. Limits are applied to init
     containers in a similar fashion. Init containers cannot currently be added
     or removed. Cannot be updated. More info:
     https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/init-containers/

   nodeName    <string>
     NodeName is a request to schedule this pod onto a specific node. If it is
     non-empty, the scheduler simply schedules this pod onto that node, assuming
     that it fits resource requirements.

   nodeSelector    <map[string]string>
     NodeSelector is a selector which must be true for the pod to fit on a node.
     Selector which must match a node's labels for the pod to be scheduled on
     that node. More info:
     https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/assign-pod-node/

   priority    <integer>
     The priority value. Various system components use this field to find the
     priority of the pod. When Priority Admission Controller is enabled, it
     prevents users from setting this field. The admission controller populates
     this field from PriorityClassName. The higher the value, the higher the
     priority.

   priorityClassName    <string>
     If specified, indicates the pod's priority. "system-node-critical" and
     "system-cluster-critical" are two special keywords which indicate the
     highest priorities with the former being the highest priority. Any other
     name must be defined by creating a PriorityClass object with that name. If
     not specified, the pod priority will be default or zero if there is no
     default.

   readinessGates    <[]Object>
     If specified, all readiness gates will be evaluated for pod readiness. A
     pod is ready when all its containers are ready AND all conditions specified
     in the readiness gates have status equal to "True" More info:
     https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/keps/sig-network/0007-pod-ready%2B%2B.md

   restartPolicy    <string>
     Restart policy for all containers within the pod. One of Always, OnFailure,
     Never. Default to Always. More info:
     https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/#restart-policy

   runtimeClassName    <string>
     RuntimeClassName refers to a RuntimeClass object in the node.k8s.io group,
     which should be used to run this pod. If no RuntimeClass resource matches
     the named class, the pod will not be run. If unset or empty, the "legacy"
     RuntimeClass will be used, which is an implicit class with an empty
     definition that uses the default runtime handler. More info:
     https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/keps/sig-node/0014-runtime-class.md
     This is an alpha feature and may change in the future.

   schedulerName    <string>
     If specified, the pod will be dispatched by specified scheduler. If not
     specified, the pod will be dispatched by default scheduler.

   securityContext    <Object>
     SecurityContext holds pod-level security attributes and common container
     settings. Optional: Defaults to empty. See type description for default
     values of each field.

   serviceAccount    <string>
     DeprecatedServiceAccount is a depreciated alias for ServiceAccountName.
     Deprecated: Use serviceAccountName instead.

   serviceAccountName    <string>
     ServiceAccountName is the name of the ServiceAccount to use to run this
     pod. More info:
     https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-service-account/

   shareProcessNamespace    <boolean>
     Share a single process namespace between all of the containers in a pod.
     When this is set containers will be able to view and signal processes from
     other containers in the same pod, and the first process in each container
     will not be assigned PID 1. HostPID and ShareProcessNamespace cannot both
     be set. Optional: Default to false. This field is beta-level and may be
     disabled with the PodShareProcessNamespace feature.

   subdomain    <string>
     If specified, the fully qualified Pod hostname will be
     "<hostname>.<subdomain>.<pod namespace>.svc.<cluster domain>". If not
     specified, the pod will not have a domainname at all.

   terminationGracePeriodSeconds    <integer>
     Optional duration in seconds the pod needs to terminate gracefully. May be
     decreased in delete request. Value must be non-negative integer. The value
     zero indicates delete immediately. If this value is nil, the default grace
     period will be used instead. The grace period is the duration in seconds
     after the processes running in the pod are sent a termination signal and
     the time when the processes are forcibly halted with a kill signal. Set
     this value longer than the expected cleanup time for your process. Defaults
     to 30 seconds.

   tolerations    <[]Object>
     If specified, the pod's tolerations.

   volumes    <[]Object>
     List of volumes that can be mounted by containers belonging to the pod.
     More info: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/volumes

 

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