中國裁判文書下載：selenium路線

成功現狀：

一、requests路線

requests路線需要對js進行解密，對js解密時遇到三個參數

docid
cipher
__RequestVerificationToken

這三個參數主要是針對文書列表頁面的

試圖在這個頁面獲取相應的鏈接，
js解密後，其中ciphertext參數需要感謝大神：越學越害怕
後面的docid和__RequestVerificationToken都非常簡單

但是將這些參數傳入後，請求仍然出現狀態碼202或者狀態碼200但是內容爲None

最後放棄了requests路線

二、selenium路線

問題一：namespace error 命名空間錯誤

參見《selenium的namespace錯誤與無法定位：NamespaceError: An attempt was made to create…andUnable to locate elemen》，鏈接: link.

雖然原因不明，不知道爲什麼報這個錯誤，但是這個錯誤與標籤有關，只要不是特殊標籤即可
如果存在特殊標籤，比如裁判文書網中的下面這個元素的初始標籤：diy:lawyee

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href="javascript:void(0)"><i class="fa fa-heart-o"> </i> 收藏</a> <a data-value="88b891c7c7c74f0d954caaf701657b09" class="a_xz" href="javascript:void(0)"><i class="a_xzBox"></i> 下載</a> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="LM_list"> <div class="List_label clearfix"> <div class="labelOne"><img src="../images/list/one.png"></div> <div class="labelTwo"> 刑事再審 </div> <div class="labelThree"><img src="../images/list/three.png"></div> <!-- <span class="on_1">推薦案例</span> -->     </div> <div class="list_title clearfix"> <a class="AllSelect" href="javascript:void(0)"><input type="checkbox" class="ListSelect" data-value="971d62400160436aaefda9df0112219c"></a>  <h4><a href="../181107ANFZ0BXSK4/index.html?docId=971d62400160436aaefda9df0112219c" class="caseName" target="_blank">趙明利詐騙再審刑事判決書</a></h4> </div> <div class="list_subtitle"> <span class="slfyName">最高人民法院</span> <span class="ah">（2018）最高法刑再6號</span> <span class="cprq">2019-01-03</span> </div> <div class="list_reason">  <h4>[裁判理由]</h4>  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只要出現這種特殊標籤就會報namespace error

問題二：元素的動態變化

主要是下一頁這個元素，這個元素會動態變化
第一頁的下一頁元素爲：

//*[@id="_view_1545184311000"]/div[18]/a[8]

第二頁的元素爲：

//*[@id="_view_1545184311000"]/div[18]/a[9]

由a[8]變爲a[9]

一開始試圖通過，對於翻頁的次數的變化進行更新，但是失敗了，失敗原因在於只顯示前600份裁判文書，但是由於限定條件的不同，查找的裁判文書數量就不同，導致不好判斷
思路是這樣的：

# 下一頁xpath：
            '''
             if 7<=index <36:
                try:
                    button1 = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, '//div[@class="left_7_3"]/a[14]')))#問題並不是全爲a8
                    time.sleep(1)
                    button1.click()
                except:
                    pass

            elif 36 <= index < 40:
                try:
                    button1 = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, '//div[@class="left_7_3"]/a[%d]' % int(
                        49-index))))
                    time.sleep(1)
                    button1.click()
                except:
                    pass
            elif index ==40:
                pass
            '''

然後試圖通過分段函數進行解決，就是提取查找到的文書數量計算要翻的頁數：

"""目的：減少遍歷次數"""
        time.sleep(1)
        condition = browser.find_element_by_xpath('//div[@class="LM_con clearfix"]/div[@class="fr con_right"]/span')
        print(condition.text)  # 不能直接//text()原因不明
        conditions = math.ceil(int(condition.text) / 15)  # 最長12，最短6
        print(conditions)

但是還是不成功！！！！

最後突然想到，下一頁 這個元素正好是最後一個元素可以直接使用xpath語法選中最後一個

button_ = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, '//div[@class="left_7_3"]/a[last()]')))
button_.click()

問題三、只顯示前600份裁判文書

需要爬所有，但是隻顯示前600份
，沒有辦法直接爬取所有，因爲裁判文書網限定了只顯示前600份

解決方法：通過限定搜索條件如：

這個方法是某個博主（暫時想不起來）給的思路，這個博主是通過北京市的律師來限定的，但是我沒有找到律師的名字，所有我是通過限定區域，如xx區縣

準確說這樣，還是有問題，某些區縣仍然超過600，但是相對較少了，即使超過了也不多，通過設置篩選可以進一步等待後續處理，如：

"""目的：減少遍歷次數"""
        time.sleep(1)
        condition = browser.find_element_by_xpath('//div[@class="LM_con clearfix"]/div[@class="fr con_right"]/span')
        print(condition.text)  # 不能直接//text()原因不明
        conditions = math.ceil(int(condition.text) / 15)  # 最長12，最短6
        print(conditions)
        if int(condition.text) > 600:
            with open('超過600頁.txt','a+',encoding='utf-8')as file:
                file.write('出現超過600條的裁判文書,其所在區域爲：'+ str(i.strip()) +'，其數量爲：'+str(condition.text) + '\n')
            logging.warning('出現超過600條的裁判文書,其所在區域爲：'+ str(i.strip()) +'，其數量爲：'+str(condition.text))

問題四：彈出框的處理

參見《selenium彈窗之windows下載文件彈窗點擊方法》 ，使用pyautogui進行鍵鼠自動化

但是據說還有selenium的內部方法

"""下載無彈窗
profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile()
profile.set_preference('browser.download.dir', '‪I:\\360下載\\firefox')
profile.set_preference('browser.download.folderList', 2)
profile.set_preference('browser.download.manager.showWhenStarting', False)
profile.set_preference('browser.helperApps.neverAsk.saveToDisk', 'application/zip')
"""

但是不知道爲什麼我的不行，所以註釋掉了

三、selenium路線的缺陷

有兩個缺陷，一個是速度慢，另一個是彈出框暫時沒有辦法解決
後續可能需要使用scrapy+selenium，以及使彈出框不在彈出