title: kubeadm安裝k8s 1.15版
image: /images/theme/k8s.jpg
前提:
1、安裝 k8s 的節點必須是大於 1 核心的 CPU
2、阿里雲的repo 和base源
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
1、設置系統主機名以及host解析
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master
10.0.0.20 k8s-node01
10.0.0.21 k8s-node02
10.0.0.10 k8s-master
2、安裝依賴包
yum install -y conntrack ntpdate ntp ipvsadmin ipset jq iptables curl sysstat libseccomp wget vim net-tools git
3、設置防火牆爲 Iptables 並設置空規則
systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
yum -y install iptables-services && systemctl start iptables && systemctl enable iptables && iptables -F && service iptables save
4、關閉selinux 關閉swap
開啓虛擬內存時 如果pod在swap中運行 那麼kubernetes出現報錯
swapoff -a && sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab
setenforce 0 && sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
5、調整內核參數,對於 K8S
cat > kubernetes.conf <<EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1 #開啓網橋模式
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1 #開啓網橋模式
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=0
vm.swappiness=0 # 禁止使用 swap 空間,只有當系統 OOM 時才允許使用它
vm.overcommit_memory=1 # 不檢查物理內存是否夠用
vm.panic_on_oom=0 # 開啓 OOM
fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=1048576
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1 #關閉ipv6
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720
EOF
cp kubernetes.conf /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf 開機調用
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf 立刻生效
6、調整系統時區
# 設置系統時區爲 中國/上海
timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
# 將當前的 UTC 時間寫入硬件時鐘
timedatectl set-local-rtc 0
# 重啓依賴於系統時間的服務
systemctl restart rsyslog
systemctl restart crond
7、關閉系統不需要服務
systemctl stop postfix && systemctl disable postfix
8、設置 rsyslogd 和 systemd journald
使用日誌爲 journald 方式
mkdir /var/log/journal # 持久化保存日誌的目錄
mkdir /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d 創建配置文件存放目錄
創建journal 的日誌配置文件
cat > /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/99-prophet.conf <<EOF
[Journal]
# 持久化保存到磁盤
Storage=persistent
# 壓縮歷史日誌
Compress=yes
SyncIntervalSec=5m
RateLimitInterval=30s
RateLimitBurst=1000
# 最大佔用空間 10G
SystemMaxUse=10G
# 單日誌文件最大 200M
SystemMaxFileSize=200M
# 日誌保存時間 2 周
MaxRetentionSec=2week
# 不將日誌轉發到 syslog
ForwardToSyslog=no
EOF
9、重啓服務
systemctl restart systemd-journald
10、升級系統內核爲 4.44
CentOS 7.x 系統自帶的 3.10.x 內核存在一些 Bugs,導致運行的 Docker、Kubernetes 不穩定,例如: rpm -Uvh
http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-3.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
升級
rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-3.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
# 安裝完成後檢查 /boot/grub2/grub.cfg 中對應內核 menuentry 中是否包含 initrd16 配置,如果沒有,再安裝
一次!
yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install -y kernel-lt
# 設置開機從新內核啓動
grub2-set-default 'CentOS Linux (4.4.226-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)' && reboot
uname -r
11、kube-proxy開啓ipvs的前置條件
修改調度方式爲ipvs,解決pod和service的調度方式
modprobe br_netfilter 加載模塊
cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4
EOF
chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4
12、安裝 Docker 軟件
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum update -y && yum install -y docker-ce
systemctl restart docker && systemctl enable docker
uname -r
## 創建 /etc/docker 目錄
mkdir /etc/docker
# 配置 daemon.
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m"
}
}
EOF
mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d
13、 # 重啓docker服務
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart docker && systemctl enable docker
修改/etc/docker/daemon.json的文件 並且發送到其他節點
{
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m"
},
"insecure-registries":["https://hub.atguigu.com"]
}
scp /etc/docker/daemon.json 10.0.0.10:/etc/docker/daemon.json
scp /etc/docker/daemon.json 10.0.0.20:/etc/docker/daemon.json
scp /etc/docker/daemon.json 10.0.0.21:/etc/docker/daemon.json
重啓docker(所有節點)
systemctl restart docker systemctl restart docker
導入docker-compose文件 並賦予執行權限
mv docker-compose /usr/local/
cd /usr/local/
ll docker-compose
mv docker-compose /usr/local/bin/
chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
鏈接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1H5zIMIoFCzip9T34mEe1mQ
提取碼:xdfg
複製這段內容後打開百度網盤手機App,操作更方便哦
導入包,解壓並修改文件
鏈接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/12fmXkfSV7Ar-bNAlHyLINQ
提取碼:85q0
tar zxvf harbor-offline-installer-v1.2.0.tgz
vim harbor.cfg
修改內容
hostname = hub.atguigu.com
ui_url_protocol = https
創建存放證書的目錄
mkdir /data/cert/
mkdir /data/cert/ -p
cd /data/cert/
openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 2048
cat server.key
openssl req -new -key server.key -oout server.csr
openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
cp server.key server.key.org
openssl rsa -in server.key.org -out server.key
openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt
chmod a+x *
./install.sh 執行腳本
等到腳本執行完成 在本地win中添加解析
10.0.0.100 hub.atguigu.com
docker登錄測試
[root@localhost harbor]# docker login https://hub.atguigu.com
Username: admin
Password:
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store
Login Succeeded
密碼:
Harbor12345
(嗶哩嗶哩觀看尚硅谷視頻學習時寫的博客)
docker pull wangyanglinux/myapp:v1
下載一個鏡像(汪洋的)
push到harbor中
docker tag wangyanglinux/myapp:v1 hub.atguigu.com/library/myapp:v1
docker push hub.atguigu.com/library/myapp:v1
在kubernetes中啓動一個deployment進行測試鏡像是否能被調用
命令行方式啓動一個deployment
kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=hub.atguigu.com/library/myapp:v1 --port=80 --replicas=1
kubectl run
nginx-deployment 指定deployment的名字
--image=hub.atguigu.com/library/myapp:v1 指定使用的鏡像
--port=80 指定暴露的端口(其實不指定也沒事;因爲是在扁平化的網絡中)
--replicas=1 指定副本數爲1個
查看deployment
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get deployment
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
nginx-deployment 0/1 1 0 16s
查看rs (deployment 通過rs控制pod)
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get rs
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
nginx-deployment-85756b779 1 1 1 23s
[root@k8s-master ~]#
查看pod
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-deployment-85756b779-bqjqg 1/1 Running 0 29s
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nginx-deployment-85756b779-bqjqg 1/1 Running 0 41s 10.244.2.2 k8s-node02 <none> <none>
訪問一下 (通過扁平化的網絡方式)
[root@k8s-master ~]# curl 10.244.2.2
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
[root@k8s-master ~]# curl 10.244.2.2/hostname.html
nginx-deployment-85756b779-bqjqg
[root@k8s-master ~]#
命令行方式添加deployment的副本數
kubectl scale --replicas=3 deployment/nginx-deployment
如何訪問這三個nginx的pod
通過svc
創建一個svc
kubectl expose deployment nginx-deployment --port=30000 --target-port=80
kubectl expose
deployment 指定類型爲deployment
nginx-deployment 指定deployment的名字
--port=30000 指定宿主機的端口
--target-port=80 指定pod的端口
創建svc
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl expose deployment nginx-deployment --port=30000 --target-port=80
service/nginx-deployment exposed
查看svc的地址
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get svc -o wide
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE SELECTOR
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 7h6m <none>
nginx-deployment ClusterIP 10.105.52.122 <none> 30000/TCP 2m4s run=nginx-deployment
訪問測試
[root@k8s-master ~]# curl 10.105.52.122:30000
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
[root@k8s-master ~]#
默認輪詢的方式進行負載
查看地址規則
yum install -y ipvsadm-1.27-8.el7.x86_64
[root@k8s-master ~]# ipvsadm -Ln |grep 10.105.52.122
TCP 10.105.52.122:30000 rr
調度的機制是使用調度ipvs模塊來實現負載均衡
這是內部地址 不能被外部訪問
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 7h14m
nginx-deployment ClusterIP 10.105.52.122 <none> 30000/TCP 9m50s
修改svc的方式爲
kubectl edit svc nginx-deployment
修改 ClusterIP 方式爲 NodePort
type: NodePort
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 7h17m
nginx-deployment NodePort 10.105.52.122 <none> 30000:30048/TCP 12m
查看端口
[root@k8s-master ~]# netstat -anpt |grep :30048
tcp6 0 0 :::30048 :::* LISTEN 100907/kube-proxy
[root@k8s-master ~]#
所有節點都暴露這個端口 30048